Publications

Hoang, Nguyen-Hieu, and Thuat T. Trinh. "A first-principles insight into thermodynamic and mechanical properties of Xonotlite and Wollastonite phases of high temperature geothermal well cement." Results in Materials 20 (2023): 100454.

Identifier https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2023.100454

Abstract:

This study investigates the thermodynamic and mechanical properties of two common calcium silicate phases, xonotlite (Ca6Si6O17(OH)2) and wollastonite (CaSiO3), in high temperature geothermal well cement using first-principles methods. Various properties, including thermal expansion coefficients, elastic constants, free energy, and entropy, were evaluated with the use of accurate anharmonic approximations at high temperatures. The study found that wollastonite has higher mechanical strength (97 GPa) compared to xonotlite (66 GPa) and lower thermal expansion, with decreasing values at higher temperatures. Volumetric thermal expansion coefficients were also calculated at different temperatures. These results demonstrate the potential of wollastonite as a suitable material for high-temperature cement dehydration processes.

Ho, Thi H., et al. "Structural, mechanical, electronic and thermodynamic analysis of calcium aluminum silicate crystalline phases in stone wool insulation materials: A first-principles study." Materials Today Communications 38 (2024): 107845.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.107845

Abstract:

Stone wool materials have gained considerable attention due to their effectiveness as thermal and acoustic insulation solutions. The comprehension of crystal structure properties is pivotal in determining the overall performance of these materials, as it enables us to optimize their composition for enhanced insulating capabilities. Crucial factors such as structural, mechanical, and thermodynamic characteristics of crystalline phases within stone wool are vital for evaluating its thermal and acoustic insulation properties. This study investigates the properties of calcium aluminum silicate crystal phases commonly present in stone wool, including anorthite, svyatoslavite, scolecite, and dehydrated scolecite using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In comparison to previous works, this study provides a more comprehensive analysis using advanced DFT calculations. Our analysis reveals the complex interplay between the crystal structures and mechanical behavior of these phases. The calculated bulk modulus of the phases varies significantly, ranging from 38 to 83 GPa. We have compared the calculated elastic properties with available experimental data and found excellent agreement, confirming the accuracy of the computational approach. Moreover, we find that polymorphism has a significant impact on the mechanical strength, with anorthite exhibiting higher strength compared to svyatoslavite. Furthermore, dehydration is found to cause a reduction in unit volume and mechanical strength. The thermodynamic properties of dehydrated scolecite, including entropy and heat capacity, are significantly lower due to the absence of water molecules. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the structural and mechanical characteristics of calcium aluminum silicate phases in stone wool materials. Additionally, our findings have broader implications in various industries requiring effective insulation solutions such as to develop new materials or to enhance the energy efficiency of existing insulating products.

Tran, Khanh-Quang, and Thuat T. Trinh. "New insights into the hydrothermal carbonization process of sewage sludge: A reactive molecular dynamics study." Fuel 361 (2024): 130692.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.130692

Abstract:

In this work, reactive molecular dynamics simulations using the ReaxFF force field were performed to investigate the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process of sewage sludge. The focus was on the reaction mechanism, the effect of water content and temperature on the formation of different products. The results showed that temperature was the most important factor controlling the HTC process, with higher temperatures leading to more rapid carbonization reactions and lower H/C and O/C ratios in the hydrochar product. The estimated activation energy of the HTC process was in the range of 126–169 kJ/mol, depending on the water content. The H/C and O/C ratios of the hydochar product obtained from the simulation were in excellent agreement with experimental data. Overall, this work provides valuable new insights into the reaction mechanism and key factors influencing the HTC process of sewage sludge.

Ho, T. H., Do, T. H., Tong, H. D., Meijer, E. J., & Trinh, T. T. (2023). The Role of Chloride ion in the Silicate Condensation Reaction from ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 127(36), 7748-7757.
DOI: 10.13164/re.2023.0001

Abstract:

The comprehensive performance of cognitive broadcasting networks employing Fountain codes (FC) and maximal ratio transmission (MRT) is investigated in the present paper. More precisely, the secondary transmitter (ST) employs Fountain code to effectively broadcast a common message such as a safety warning, security news, etc., to all secondary receivers (SRs) via underlay protocol of cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Different from works in the literature that are interested in studying the outage probability (OP), and the ergodic capacity of the CRNs. The present paper, on the other hand, focuses on the characteristics of the number of needed time slots to successfully deliver such a message. Particularly, we derive in closed-form expressions the cumulative distribution function (CDF), the probability mass function (PMF), and the average number of the required time slot to broadcast the message to all SRs. Additionally, we also provide the throughput of secondary networks (SNs). We point out the impact of some key parameters, ie, the number of SRs and the number of transmit antennae at the secondary transmitter, on the performance of these considered metrics. Numerical results via the Monte-Carlo method are given to verify the accuracy of the derived framework as well as to highlight the influences of some essential parameters. Furthermore, we also compare the performance of the proposed networks with state-of-the-art and simulation results unveiling that the considered system consistently outperforms works in the literature.

Pham, D. C., Truong, D. H., Tran, Q. H., Ho, Q. T., Nguyen, T. A. D., Nguyen, T. N. H., ... & Nguyen, H. C. (2023). Fractionation, identification of chemical constituents, and biological properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) leaf extracts. Food Science & Nutrition, 11(12), 7996-8008.

 https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3718

Abstract:

The current study aimed to identify the chemical constituents and bioactivities of the crude ethanolic extract (CEE) and its fractions (ethyl acetate (EAF), hexane (HEF), and aqueous (AEF)) from leaves of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) grown in Vietnam. A total of 31 compounds which belong to alkanes, hydrocarbons, iodine, terpenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids were determined by a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, with bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate being the most prevailing compound. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were obtained in the EAF, followed by HEF, CEE, and AQF. All samples showed promising in vitro antibacterial activity, enzyme inhibition, and anticancer activity. Among the samples tested, the EAF exhibited the highest enzyme inhibition activity against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase (IC50 values of 51.24 μg/mL and 99.29 μg/mL, respectively), cytotoxicity activity against HeLa cells (IC50 value of 79.49 μg/mL), and antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli with MIC values of 5 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL, respectively. These findings suggest that the leaves of A. occidentale cultivated in Vietnam are a promising source of bioactive components and that EAF is a promising bioactive material warranting further pharmaceutical investigation.

Phan, VH Giang, et al. "Nanoengineered injectable hydrogels derived from layered double hydroxides and alginate for sustained release of protein therapeutics in tissue engineering applications." Journal of Nanobiotechnology 21.1 (2023): 405.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-023-02160-2

Abstract:

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) which involves gradual loss of kidney function is characterized by low levels of a glycoprotein called Erythropoietin (EPO) that leads to red blood cell  deficiency and anemia. Recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) injections that are administered intravenously or subcutaneously is the current gold standard for treating CKD. The rhEPO injections have very short half-lives and thus demands frequent administration with a risk of high endogenous EPO levels leading to severe side effects that could prove fatal. To this effect, this work provides a novel approach of using lamellar inorganic solids with a brucite-like structure for controlling the release of protein therapeutics such as rhEPO in injectable hydrogels. The nanoengineered injectable system was formulated by incorporating two-dimensional layered double hydroxide (LDH) clay materials with a high surface area into alginate hydrogels for sustained delivery. The inclusion of LDH in the hydrogel network not only improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogels (5–30 times that of alginate hydrogel) but also exhibited a high binding affinity to proteins without altering their bioactivity and conformation. Furthermore, the nanoengineered injectable hydrogels (INHs) demonstrated quick gelation, injectability, and excellent adhesion properties on human skin. The in vitro release test of EPO from conventional alginate hydrogels (Alg-Gel) showed 86% EPO release within 108 h while INHs showed greater control over the initial burst and released only 24% of EPO in the same incubation time. INH-based ink was successfully used for 3D printing, resulting in scaffolds with good shape fidelity and stability in cell culture media. Controlled release of EPO from INHs facilitated superior angiogenic potential in ovo (chick chorioallantoic membrane) compared to Alg-Gel. When subcutaneously implanted in albino mice, the INHs formed a stable gel in vivo without inducing any adverse effects. The results suggest that the proposed INHs in this study can be utilized as a minimally invasive injectable platform or as 3D printed patches for the delivery of protein therapeutics to facilitate tissue regeneration.

Tran, Chau B., et al. "A comparison of poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polymerized potentiostatically and galvanostatically." Synthetic Metals 299 (2023): 117466.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2023.117466

Abstract:

Conducting polymer films, such as polypyrrole (PPy), have been extensively studied as linear actuators. Poly (3,4-ethylendioxythiophene) (PEDOT) received less attention as linear actuators, even though they show much better stability and conductivity than PPy films. In this work, we investigate the actuation of PEDOT films of comparable thicknesses electropolymerized either, potentiostatically (PEDOT (pot)) and galvanostatically (PEDOT (galv)) in the same organic electrolyte. Characterization by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry revealed that the actuation direction of these films is opposite to each other: in PEDOT (pot) films show cation-driven actuation, while for PEDOT (galv) films present anion-driven actuation. The measured strain of PEDOT (pot) was found to be 1.4 times larger than that of PEDOT (galv), involving 1.5 times higher charge density and having 2.3 times higher electronic conductivity. The specific capacitance, measured by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry, showed that PEDOT (pot) has double energy storage capabilities to that of PEDOT (galv), keeping up to 86.7% of the storage capacity after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. Further characterization of the PEDOT samples was performed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Raman spectroscopy.

Tran, Hoai Khang, et al. "Extraction of flavonoids from durian (Durio zibethinus) fruit rinds and evaluation of their antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer properties." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 59.3 (2024): 1409-1420.

https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.16886https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.16886

Abstract:

Durian (Durio zibethinus) fruit rinds are a promising source of bioactive phytochemicals, but they are currently wasted. This study optimised extraction conditions for flavonoids from durian fruit rinds and evaluated the biological activities of the flavonoid‐rich extracts. The highest flavonoid content of 82.17 mg QE g−1 extract was achieved when performing the extraction at 60 °C using 75% ethanol and maceration time of 24 h. The crude ethanolic extract was then fractionated using liquid–liquid extraction to obtain three fractions (CHF, EAF and AQF). Among them, CHF demonstrated the highest amount of flavonoids (271.11 mg QE g−1 extract) and quercetin (1006.19 μg g−1 extract). This fraction also exhibited the highest ferric reducing power (IC50 of 307.88 μg vitamin C g−1), DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 of 38.72 μg mL−1), α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 of 685.76 μg mL−1 and 441.10 μg mL−1, respectively) and cytotoxicity against HepG‐2 and MCF‐7 cells with IC50 values of 490.30 μg mL−1 and 343.38 μg mL−1 respectively. The current work suggested that durian fruit rinds are a potential source of flavonoids and the CHF could be further used for pharmaceutical applications.

Nguyen, Hoang Chinh, et al. "Enzyme-Assisted Coextraction of Phenolics and Polysaccharides from Padina gymnospora." Marine Drugs 22.1 (2024): 42.

https://doi.org/10.3390/md22010042https://doi.org/10.3390/md22010042

Abstract:

Brown seaweed is a promising source of polysaccharides and phenolics with industrial utility. This work reports the development of a green enzyme-assisted extraction method for simultaneously extracting polysaccharides and phenolics from the brown seaweed Padina gymnospora. Different enzymes (Cellulast, Pectinex, and Alcalase), individually and in combination, were investigated, with Alcalase alone showing the highest efficiency for the simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides and phenolics. Yields from Alcalase-assisted aqueous extraction were higher than those obtained using either water alone or conventional ethanol extraction. Alcalase-assisted extraction was subsequently optimized using a response surface methodology to maximize compound recovery. Maximal polysaccharide and phenolic recovery was obtained under the following extraction conditions: a water-to-sample ratio of 61.31 mL/g, enzyme loading of 0.32%, temperature of 60.5 °C, and extraction time of 1.95 h. The extract was then fractionated to obtain alginate-, fucoidan-, and phenolic-rich fractions. Fractions exhibited potent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 140.55 µg/mL, 126.21 µg/mL, and 48.17 µg/mL, respectively, which were higher than those obtained from conventional extraction methods. The current work shows that bioactive polysaccharides and phenolics can be obtained together in high yield through a single aqueous-only green and efficient Alcalase-assisted extraction.

Truong, Thi Be Ta, et al. "Green synthesised nanocopper/chitosan aerogel biocomposite as a recyclable and nonprecious catalyst for methyl orange reduction." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 680 (2024): 132622.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.132622

Abstract:

Methyl orange (MO), which is known as a highly durable dye that is extremely toxic to humans and animals, has been processed by using various methods. In recent years, MO degradation through reduction in the presence of NaBH4 (NB) and suitable nanocatalyst have garnered considerable interest. However, the nanosized particles of the catalyst make separation from the liquid solution more difficult and limit the practical application of this technique. Herein, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) decorated on three-dimensional chitosan aerogel (CSA) were synthesized as a reusable composite for the catalytic degradation of MO by using a green method with durian (Durio zibethinus) shell (DS) extract as a reducing agent. The Cu/CSA composite’s physicochemical properties were characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), high resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Raman spectroscopy. These modern techniques elucidated the structure and formation of copper nanoparticles on the CSA surface. The copper nanocatalysts have an average particle size of 32.6 nm, specific surface area of 55.8 m2/g, pore size of 32 Å and pore area of 0.049 cm3/g. Through the investigation of catalyst activity, the conditions of MO reduction were optimised with the 1.0 Cu/CSA sample, catalyst dose of 0.5 g/L and a molar ratio of MO/NB of 1/200. The reaction reached over 94.3% efficiency after 10 min, correlating with a kinetic rate constant of 0.163 min−1. It is worth mentioning that the optimized catalyst can be conveniently synthesized and retrieved from the reaction solution in just 5 s using a vacuum filter. Furthermore, its effectiveness remains largely unaffected even after undergoing five cycles of reuse, thus demonstrating its exceptional durability and potential in environmental remediation.

Bui, Anh Vo, et al. "Chemical compositions and biological activities of Serevenia buxifolia essential oil leaves cultivated in Vietnam (Thua Thien Hue)." Food Science & Nutrition 11.7 (2023): 4060-4072.

 https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3395

Abstract:

Serevenia buxifolia is an evergreen citrus plant and has attracted considerable attention due to its bioactive components and biological activities. In the present study, the essential oil (EO) from S. buxifolia cultivated in Vietnam was demonstrated to exhibit the in vitro antioxidant, thrombolytic, anti‐hemolysis, anti‐inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. Briefly, the gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the leaf EO of S. buxifolia was composed of 33 components, with the main constituents being β‐carypphyllene (32.5%), and elixene (9.8%). The extracted oil possessed a fairly high free radical scavenging activity against 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), with an IC50 value of 190.7 μg/mL compared with positive control, α‐tocopherol, IC50 value of 42.6 μg/mL. The EO also exhibited thrombolytic activity: the percentage of inhibition was found to be 70.75% at 100 μL, in comparison with 87.2% for the positive control, streptokinase. For hemolytic activity, the percentage of inhibition of the EO was from 27.4% to 59.6% at concentrations from 10 to 100 μg/mL, respectively. The results of in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity indicated that the EO of S. buxifolia leaves effectively protects the heat‐induced denaturation, with an IC50 value of 40.25 μg/mL. The EO also exhibited antidiabetic potential, with IC50 values of 87.8 and 134.9 μg/mL against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, respectively. It is noteworthy that the potent biological activities of the obtained S. buxifolia oil increased in a dose‐dependent manner. The results achieved show that the EO of S. buxifolia leaves can be a potential source for oxidative stress, inflammatory, and diabetic management.

Zayabaatar, Enkhbat, Nguyen Mai Trinh Tang, and Minh Tan Pham. "Electrogenic Staphylococcus epidermidis colonizes nasal cavities and alleviates IL-6 progression induced by the SARS2-CoV nucleocapsid protein." Journal of Applied Microbiology 134.8 (2023): lxad179.

https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxad179

Abstract:

Certain probiotic bacteria have been shown to possess an immunomodulatory effect and a protective effect on influenza infections. Using the Staphylococcus epidermidis K1 colonized mice model, we assessed the effect of nasal administration of glycerol or flavin mononucleotide (FMN) on the production of interleukin (IL)-6 mediated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS2-CoV) nucleocapsid protein (NPP)

Nga, Nguyen Thi Anh, et al. "Deciphering the anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Ti nanoparticles fabricated using Zingiber officinale." Environmental Research 236 (2023): 116748.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116748

Abstract:

Rapid and sustainable green technology was implemented in the current study to fabricated Ti nanoparticles. The vegetable ginger with the scientific name Zingiber officinale was employed as a biological source in the fabrication process of nanoparticles. The optical, structural, morphological, and particle size of the fabricated Ti nanoparticles were characterized with the help of UV–visible absorption spectrum, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectrum, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analysis, DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) technique and XRD (X-ray powder diffraction) crystallography technique. The presence of spherical-shaped Ti nanoparticles with an average particle size of 93 nm was confirmed based on these characterization techniques. The anti-cancer properties of the Z. officinale mediated Ti nanoparticles were analyzed through MTT assay against cell lines MCF-7 (Human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) and concentration-dependent anti-cancer properties were observed. The anti-inflammatory capacity of the Z. officinale mediated Ti nanoparticles were examined through protein denaturation and nitric oxide scavenging assay. The antioxidant capacity of the Z. officinale mediated Ti nanoparticles were examined through DPPH assay, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) analysis. The fabricated Ti nanoparticles exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity in a concentration-dependent pattern.

Oviedo, A. M., Thi, H. T., Van, Q. C., & Nguyen, H. H. (2023). Physicochemical properties of Fe-doped TiO2 and the application in Dye-sensitized solar cells. Optical Materials, 137, 113587.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2023.113587

Abstract:

Fe-doped TiO2 was here used as a semiconductor material for Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to improve the solar energy conversion to electricity as compared to precursor TiO2. The physicochemical properties of Fe-doped TiO2 were clarified by different techniques such as X-ray diffractions, Transmission Electron Microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectra, and Photoluminescence Spectra. The material resulted in a defective TiO2 with oxygen vacancies and Ti3+ along with Fe ions into the structure. The formation of superficial defects contributed to the prevention of electron-hole recombination, thereby enhancing the lifetime of the photoelectrons. The presence of defects was measured by the deconvolution of Ti 2p and O 1s, while the low recombination rate was calculated with the PL spectrum of the semiconductor. The higher lifetime of the e−/h+ pairs lead to a result with the efficiency of Fe–TiO2-based DSSC increased to 30% in comparison with undoped-TiO2-based DSSC.

Ha, D. T., et al. "Polyphenol Content, Antioxidant Properties and Trypsin Inhibition Activity of Methanol Seed Extract and Fractions of White Velvet Bean from Vietnam." Legume Research: An International Journal 47.5 (2024).

DOI: 10.18805/LRF-783

Abstract:

White Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) is a very valuable plant due to its medical potential. Different parts of the plant have been studied by various researchers. However, the seeds, which contain a lot of bioactive compounds, have been considered of substantial medicinal importance. Methods: The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant and trypsin inhibition properties in the methanol extract of white Velvet bean (WVB) seeds and its fractions (methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous) were studied. Result: The highest total phenolic content was recorded in the methanol extract (206.3 mg GAE g-1). The highest total flavonoid content was in the n-hexane fraction (7.75 mg rutin g-1). The methanol extract showed the highest total antioxidant potential (261.5 mg AAE g-1). The methanol extract also had the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity and the highest level of trypsin inhibitory activity compared to the other fractions with an IC50 value (35.3 µg mL-1).

Tuong, H. D., Tran, K. Q., & Trinh, T. T. (2024). The role of chemical functional groups in dewaterability of hydrochar: A molecular simulation study. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 400, 124482.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2024.124482

Abstract:

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising technique for conversion of wet biomass materials to hydrochar, a carbon-rich material with a wide range of applications. A crucial property of hydrochar, particularly that obtained from HTC of sewage sludge, is the dewaterability, which may be controlled by certain chemical functional groups of the hydrochar itself. This paper presents results from our recent study on the role of chemical functional groups in the dewaterability of hydrochar, employing a novel approach that integrates molecular dynamics simulations with extended semi-empirical tight-binding calculations. By examining various hydrochar models with distinct chemical functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and ketone, multiple factors affecting the dewaterability were investigated. The results show that removal of specific functional groups led to substantial reductions in hydration energy of hydrochar molecules, from -340 kJ/mol to -61 kJ/mol. Findings from this work not only contribute to better understanding the dewaterability of hydrochar in connection to the functional groups, but also provide valuable knowledge for customizing the design and production of hydrochar with specific chemical functional groups to suit diverse applications.

Babkova, T., Kiefer, R., & Le, Q. B. (2024). Hybrid Electrolyte Based on PEO and Ionic Liquid with In Situ Produced and Dispersed Silica for Sustainable Solid-State Battery. Sustainability, 16(4), 1683.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su16041683

Abstract:

This work introduces the synthesis of hybrid polymer electrolytes based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) and electrolyte solution bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt/ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI/EMIMTFSI) with in situ produced and dispersed silica particles by the sol–gel method. Conventional preparation of solid polymer electrolytes was followed by desolvation of lithium salt in a polymer matrix of PEO, which, in some cases, additionally contains plasticizers. This one-pot synthesis is an alternative route for fabricating a solid polymer electrolyte for solid-state batteries. The presence of TFSI- reduces the crystallinity of the PEO matrix (plasticizing effect), increases the dissociation and solubility of LiTFSI in the PEO matrix because of a highly delocalized charge distribution, and reveals excellent thermal, chemical, and electrochemical stability. Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) was chosen due to the slow reaction rate, with the addition of (3-glycidyoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GLYMO), which contributes to the formation of a silica network. FTIR studies confirmed the interactions between the silica, the polymer salt, and EMIMTFSI. Impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed in a wide range of temperatures from 25 to 70 °C. The electrochemical performance was explored by assembling electrolytes in LiCoO2 (LCO), NMC(811), and LiFePO4 (LFP) coin half-cells. The HPEf15 shows a discharge capacity of 143 mA/g for NMC(811) at 0.1 C, 134 mA/g for LCO, and 139 mA/g for LFP half-cells at 0.1 C and 55 °C. The LFP half-cell with a discharge capacity of 135 mA/g at 0.1 C (safety potential range of 2.8 to 3.8) obtained a cyclability of 97.5% at 55 °C after 100 cycles. Such a type of electrolyte with high safety and good electrochemical performance provides a potential approach for developing a safer lithium-ion battery.
 

Truong, Thi Be Ta, et al. "Low-cost and sustainable nanosilver decorated on hydroxyapatite from fishbone for effective reduction of organic compounds in aqueous solution." Materials Today Sustainability 25 (2024): 100688.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.100688

Abstract:

The low-cost and sustainable catalysts synthesised via the green chemistry method for reducing methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution in the presence of NaBH4 (NB) from effluent have drawn considerable interest in recent years. Herein, bio-inspired silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were immobilized on a hydroxyapatite (HA) surface produced from salmon bone via a straightforward and novel technique using an aqueous extract derived from the leaves of Jasminum subtriplinerve Blume as a stabilizing and reducing agent. In order to ascertain the composition and structure of the Ag/HA nanocomposites, physicochemical methods were employed, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) analysis, Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), N2 adsorption–desorption, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The as-prepared silver nanocatalysts exhibited a spherical morphology, with an average particle size of 4.9 nm, a specific surface area of 10.9 m2/g, a 24.8 Å pore diameter, and a 0.012 cm3/g pore volume. By conducting an examination of the activity of catalysts, the optimum conditions for MO reduction were established using a 0.3Ag/HA sample containing 0.3 % AgNPs on the HA surface, a 0.2 g/L catalyst dosage, and a MO/NB molar ratio to 1/200. After 10 min, the performance achieved an efficiency greater than 95.0 %, with consistent first-order reaction kinetics and the reduction rate constant (k) of 0.1147 min−1. Furthermore, the nanocomposite at the suitable condition exhibited exceptional catalytic efficacy in reducing additional organic dyes, including congo red (CR) and rhodamine B (RB). All these observations demonstrated a novel, environmentally sustainable, and potentially valuable approach to advancing effective catalysts for reducing organic dyes.

Bui, T. H., Pham, P. K. T., Truong, T. B. T., Do, B. L., Ho, T. G. T., Nguyen, P. A., ... & Nguyen, T. (2024). Green Synthesis of Nanosilver Decorated on Ceria Nanorod for the Catalytic Reduction of Methyl Orange. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 49(6), 7851-7861.
DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-08468-3

Abstract:

Herein, a convenient and environment-friendly reduction strategy was employed to attach silver nanoparticles onto ceria nanorods (AgCe). Nanorods were synthesised through a green chemistry approach with varied silver contents and Citrus maxima peel extract as a reducing agent. The resulting AgCe nanocomposites were evaluated for their efficacy in reducing methyl orange (MO) at ambient temperature by employing NaBH4 as a protonating agent. The as-prepared samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The as-prepared sample exhibited outstanding activity on the catalytic reduction of MO, and the synergistic effect between Ag nanoparticles and CeO2 nanorods was proved. Silver nanoparticles were formed and dispersed well on the surface of ceria nanorods. Based on the UV–Vis results, the activity of the samples with silver was superior to that of pure ceria. The 0.2AgCe sample was the most effective when the catalyst concentration was 0.08 g/L, and the molar ratio between MO and NaBH4 was 1/200. The entire catalytic reduction was thought to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. Hence, Ag nanoparticles decorated on CeO2 efficiently offered excellent catalytic efficiency and stability in MO reduction and that the catalyst was suitable for practical applications, such as wastewater treatment.

Nguyen, Quoc Hai, Thi Hoa Le, and Quang Nhat Tran. "Quantum dots as fabricating materials for supercapacitors." Journal of Alloys and Compounds (2024): 173947.
 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.173947

Abstract:

There has been an increasing demand for the storage of energy generated from different renewable sources owing to the subsequent depletion of conventional energy sources. An increase in the global population has also boosted the energy requirement in our society. The energy storage devices, mainly supercapacitors, have been a partial solution to these current issues. However, the quality and performance of the present supercapacitors need to be enriched. Thus, there has been a quest for the search for appropriate materials for the fabrication of supercapacitors. In this concern, quantum dots have exhibited outstanding characteristics as fluorescent electrolytes and electrode materials for supercapacitors. Quantum dots have also been integrated with different metals and polymers to form electrodes with excellent electrochemical properties. Apart from commonly used graphene quantum dots and carbon quantum dots, a few other quantum dots of metal composites have also been explored. This review discusses the synthesis, electrochemical properties, and application of different quantum dots in the fabrication of supercapacitors to improve their inherent properties.

Duy, D. T., Berg, H., Dao, T. T. K., & Da, C. T. (2024). Assessing the effects of social capital on trade credit in shrimp farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Aquaculture Economics & Management, 1-14.

https://doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2024.2342278

Abstract:

This study assesses and identify major factors of social capital that affect the use of trade credit among shrimp farmers and how these contribute to and affect the profits of households in coastal provinces of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Data was collected through observations, informal discussions, and interviews with 364 shrimp farmers from the Ca Mau, Bac Lieu, Ben Tre and Tra Vinh provinces. The Probit and Tobit regression models were applied to analyze and evaluate the effect of social capital on the use of trade credit and the amount of trade credit used by farmers. The results show that many social capital factors affect the use of trade credit by shrimp farmers in the investigated areas, including in descending order of importance: profit, wholesale agents, colleague-friend-family line-neighbor, and trust. Besides the factors above, other factors such as agricultural land value, households’ income, distance, experiences in shrimp production, households’ assets, savings, profits of the previous crop, and the average household income had also an effect on trade use and amount of trade credit used by shrimp farming households.

Kesküla, A., Elhi, F., Otero, T. F., & Kiefer, R. (2024). Simultaneous electropolymerization of pyrrole and anionic or cationic polymerizable monomeric ionic liquids. Linear actuation of the attained materials. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 198, 105892.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.105892

Abstract:

The simultaneous galvanostatic electrogeneration of polypyrrole (PPy) and a polyanion, or a polycation, from the concomitant solutions of pyrrole and monomeric ionic liquids (PIL) give films of two interpenetrated polymeric networks: polyanion-PPy (PILA-PPy) and polycation-PPy (PILC-PPy), as corroborated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The linear actuation was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry in aqueous electrolyte describing cation-driven actuation of the PILA-PPy actuators (cation exchange during oxidation/reduction) and anion-driven actuation of the PILC-PPy actuation. The exchange of a unique ion in each actuator, corroborated by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of the oxidized and reduced materials, allows the control of the actuation direction. The concomitant driving electrochemical reactions are described. Coulovoltammetric responses present a closed loop in the studied potential range indicating that only those reactions (oxidation/reduction) are present in the studied potential range (0.65 V and − 0.6 V). The PILC-PPy strain was 8.7% and the stress gradient 1.45 MPa, overcoming 1.5 times those from PILA-PPy actuators, consuming also a higher charge density, having 2.1 times better conductivity and 1.3 times higher diffusion-coefficients. The stability of the actuators was studied by consecutive cycling. The PILA-PPy and PILC-PPy films are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR and EDX spectroscopy.

Elhi, Fred, Quoc Bao Le, and Rudolf Kiefer. "Cation-Selective Actuator–Sensor Response of Microcrystalline Cellulose Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes of Different Electrolytes Using Propylene Carbonate Solvent." Polymers 16.3 (2024): 339.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16030339

Abstract:

Microcrystalline cellulose (MC) with 50 wt.% multi-walled carbon nanotube (MCNT) composites is obtained through extrusion, forming MC-MCNT fiber. In this study, we concentrate on three different electrolytes in propylene carbonate (PC) which have the same anions (TF−, trifluoro-methanesulfonate CF3SO3−) but different cations, EDMI+ (1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium), Li+ (lithium ion), and TBA+ (tetrabutylammonium). Cyclic voltammetry and square wave potential steps, in combination with linear actuation measurements in a potential range of 0.7 V to −0.2 V, were conducted. Our goal in this work was to establish a cation-selective actuator–sensor device capable of distinguishing different cations. The linear actuation of MC-MCNT fiber had its main expansion at discharge due to the incorporation of TF− in the MC-MCNT fiber with the cations. In the following order, TBA+ > EDMI+ > Li+ had the best stress, strain, charge density, diffusion coefficients, and long-term stability. Chronopotentiometric measurements revealed that the cations in the PC solvent can be differentiated by their ion sizes. Further characterization of the MC-MCNT fiber was completed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and FTIR and Raman spectroscopy.

Kiefer, Rudolf, et al. "Linear sensing actuators of polypyrrole nanofiber scaffolds." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 141.17 (2024): e55300.

 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.55300

Abstract:

In the search for renewable materials for linear actuators, polypyrrole (PPy) glucose‐glycerin nanofiber scaffolds were used here to provide the actuator with a basic fibrillary structure, mimicking natural muscles. Each nanofiber was coated with a chemically synthesized PPy film, getting conductive nanofiber scaffolds (CNS), used then as electrodes to attain a second polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzensulfonate (PPyDBS) coat forming PPyDBS‐CNS material structure. PPyDBS bulk films obtained by electropolymerization on stainless steel under the same condition were used to compare the linear actuation properties of both materials. Cyclic voltammetry, square potential waves, and square potential currents, in combination with linear actuation measurements, studied the samples. Three different potential ranges (PRs) were selected for those methodologies: 1.0 to −0.55 V (PR1), 0.8 to −0.4 V (PR2), and 0.65 to −0.55 V (PR3), revealing that PPyDBS‐CNS has anion‐driven actuation independent of the applied PR1–3, while in comparison PPyDBS films had in PR3 mixed ion actuation. The best strain from PPyDBS, 24.6%, was attained at PR1, and from PPyDBS‐CSN, 17.5% strain in the same PR. Further characterizations are conducted, such as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and element determination using energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy.

Nguyen, Ngoc Tuan, et al. "Orally ingestible medication utilizing layered double hydroxide nanoparticles strengthened alginate and hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel bead for bowel disease management." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 269 (2024): 132122.
 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132122

Abstract:

In the treatment of bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis through oral administration, an effective drug delivery system targeting the colon is crucial for enhancing efficacy and minimizing side effects of therapeutic agents. This study focuses on the development of a novel nanocomposite hydrogel bead comprising a synergistic blend of biological macromolecules, namely sodium alginate (ALG) and hyaluronic acid (HA), reinforced with layered double hydroxide nanoparticles (LDHs) for the oral delivery of dual therapeutics. The synthesized hydrogel bead exhibits significantly enhanced gel strength and controllable release of methylprednisolone (MP) and curcumin (CUR), serving as an anti-inflammatory drug and a mucosal healing agent, compared to native ALG or ALG/HA hydrogel beads without LDHs. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized LDHs and hydrogel beads were characterized using various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential measurement, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In vitro release studies of MP and CUR under simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions demonstrate the superior controlled release property of the nanocomposite hydrogel bead, particularly in minimizing premature drug release in the upper GIT environment while sustaining release of over 82 % of drugs in the colonic environment. Thus, the modularly engineered carrier designed for oral colon targeting holds promise as a potential candidate for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Phan, VH Giang, et al. "Triple-Hybrid BioScaffold Based on Silk Fibroin, Chitosan, and nano-Biphasic Calcium Phosphates: Preparation, Characterization of Physiochemical and Biopharmaceutical Properties." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2024).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2024.03.015

Abstract:

Bioscaffolds, which promote cell regeneration and restore tissues’ functions, have emerged as significant need in clinic. The hybrid of several biomaterials in a bioscaffold renders clinically advanced and relevant properties for applications yet add challenges in cost efficiency, production, and clinical investigation. This study proposes a facile and sustainable method to formulate a triple-hybrid bioscaffold based on Vietnamese cocoon origin Silk Fibroin, Chitosan, and nano-Biphasic Calcium Phosphates (nano-BCP) that can be easily molded, has high porosity (55–80%), and swelling capacity that facilitates cell proliferation and nutrient diffusion. Notably, their mechanical properties, in particular compressive strength, can easily be tuned in a range from 50 – 200 kPa by changing the amount of nano-BCP addition, which is comparable to the successful precedents for productive cell regeneration. The latter parts investigate the biopharmaceutical properties of a representative bioscaffold, including drug loading and release studies with two kinds of active compounds, salmon calcitonin and methylprednisolone. Furthermore, the bioscaffold is highly biocompatible as the results of hemocompatibility and hemostasis tests, as well as ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane investigation. The findings of the study suggest the triple-hybrid scaffold as a promising platform for multi-functional drug delivery and bone defect repair.

Nguyen, Thi Cam Vi, et al. "Phytochemical profile, in vitro anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐xanthine oxidase activity of durian fruit rind fractions (Durio zibethinus)." International Journal of Food Science & Technology (2024).

 https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.17200

Abstract:

Durian fruit rinds (Durio zibethinus) have increasingly attracted scientific interest due to their potent bioactive metabolites. In the present study, a comprehensive approach combining chromatographic techniques and bioassays was employed to elucidate the phytochemical constituents present in durian fruit rinds and their corresponding bioactivities. The crude ethanolic extract (CEE) and its fractions obtained through silica gel column chromatography (F1, F2, F3, and F4) were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed for their flavonoid profiles using thin‐layer chromatography, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Among the tested samples, fraction F2 exhibited the highest total flavonoid content (179.55 mg QE/g DW). TLC and HPLC analyses showed the presence of quercetin in all tested samples, with its content ranking in the order of F2 > F3 > F1 > F4 > CEE. The fractions exhibited inhibitory effects on albumin denaturation, protease activity, lipoxygenase (LOX), heat‐induced haemolysis, and xanthine oxidase (XO), surpassing those of the crude extract. These observed bioactivities correlated with the distribution of flavonoids and quercetin content in the samples. LC/MS analysis further showed the presence of flavonoids‐chalcone, flavonols, terpenoids, stilbene glycosides, anthocyanins, phenolics, and amino acids in fraction F2. These results determine the phytochemical profiles, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐XO activities of bioactive fraction obtained from durian fruit rinds.

Nguyen, Ngoc-Long, et al. "Performance Prediction of Power Beacon-Aided Wireless Sensor-Powered Non-Orthogonal Multiple-Access Internet-of-Things Networks under Imperfect Channel State Information." Applied Sciences 14.11 (2024): 4498.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114498

Abstract:

In this paper, we investigate a novel power beacon (PB)-aided wireless sensor-powered non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) Internet-of-Things (IoT) network under imperfect channel state information (CSI). Furthermore, the exact expression outage probability (OP) of two IoT users is derived to analyze the performance of the considered network. To give further insight, the expression asymptotic OP and diversity order are also expressed when the transmit power at the PB goes to infinity. Furthermore, a deep neural network (DNN) framework is proposed to concurrently forecast IoT users’ OP in relation to real-time setups for IoT users. Additionally, when compared to the traditional analysis, our created DNN shows the shortest run-time prediction, and the outcomes predicted by the DNN model almost match those of the simulation. In addition, numerical results validate our analysis, simulation, and prediction through a Monte Carlo Simulation. Furthermore, the results show the impact of the main parameter on our proposed system. Finally, these findings show that NOMA performs better than the conventional orthogonal multiple-access (OMA) techniques.

Nga, Nguyen Thi Anh, and Tahani Awad Alahmadi. "Assessment of possible biomedical applications of green synthesized TiO2NPs-an in-vitro approach." Environmental Research 248 (2024): 118278.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.118278

Abstract:

Biomedical applications for various types of nanoparticles are emerging on a daily basis. Hence this research was performed to evaluate the antifungal (Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp., Trichophyton sp., Candida sp., and Penicillium sp.), cytotoxicity (MCF10A cell lines), and antioxidant (DPPH) potential of Coleus aromaticus mediated and pre-characterized TiO2NPs were studied with respective standard methodology. Interestingly, the TiO2NPs exhibited significant antifungal activity on pathogenic fungal strains like Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp. (31 ± 1.4), Penicillium sp. (31 ± 1.9) Trichophyton sp. (27 ± 2.1), and Candida sp. (26 ± 2.3) at high concentration (250 μg mL−1). However, the considerable levels of zone of inhibitions on fungal pathogens were recorded at 100 μg mL−1 of TiO2NPs as well as it was considerably greater than positive control. It also demonstrated dose based anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities. The plant-mediated TiO2NPs demonstrated a maximum DPPH scavenging efficiency of 91% at a dosage of 250 μg mL−1, comparable to the positive control's 94%. Furthermore, TiO2NPs at 100 μg mL−1 concentration did not cause cytotoxicity in MCF10A cell lines. At higher concentrations (250 μg mL−1), the nanoparticles showed the lowest cytotoxicity (17%). These findings suggest that C. aromaticus-mediated TiO2NPs have significant biomedical applications. However, in-vivo studies are needed to learn more about their (C. aromaticus-mediated TiO2NPs) potential biomedical applications.

Kiefer, Rudolf, et al. "Linear sensing actuators of polypyrrole nanofiber scaffolds." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 141.17 (2024): e55300.

https://doi.org/10.1002/app.55300

Abstract:

In the search for renewable materials for linear actuators, polypyrrole (PPy) glucose‐glycerin nanofiber scaffolds were used here to provide the actuator with a basic fibrillary structure, mimicking natural muscles. Each nanofiber was coated with a chemically synthesized PPy film, getting conductive nanofiber scaffolds (CNS), used then as electrodes to attain a second polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzensulfonate (PPyDBS) coat forming PPyDBS‐CNS material structure. PPyDBS bulk films obtained by electropolymerization on stainless steel under the same condition were used to compare the linear actuation properties of both materials. Cyclic voltammetry, square potential waves, and square potential currents, in combination with linear actuation measurements, studied the samples. Three different potential ranges (PRs) were selected for those methodologies: 1.0 to −0.55 V (PR1), 0.8 to −0.4 V (PR2), and 0.65 to −0.55 V (PR3), revealing that PPyDBS‐CNS has anion‐driven actuation independent of the applied PR1–3, while in comparison PPyDBS films had in PR3 mixed ion actuation. The best strain from PPyDBS, 24.6%, was attained at PR1, and from PPyDBS‐CSN, 17.5% strain in the same PR. Further characterizations are conducted, such as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and element determination using energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy.

Effects of Methyl Salicylate (MeSA) on the Physiology and Biochemical Characteristics of Rice Under Salinity Stress at Seedling Stage    "Pham Thi Thu Ha, Truong Minh Tuan, Pham Thi Thu Hien, Tran Thi My Hiep, and
Chau Thi Da

Identifier https://pas.cafs.uplb.edu.ph/2022/march-2022-vol-105-no-1/"

Abstract:

Salt stress negatively affects crop survival, growth, development, and yield. Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is synthesized from salicylic acid (SA) which is a volatile organic compound that is responsible for inducing defense mechanisms in plants and also has a protective role in stress sensitivity. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different concentrations of methyl salicylate (MeSA) on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of two rice varieties GRIS4 (G1) and GRIS5 (G2) under salt stress at the seedling stage. Five hundred seeds of each variety were treated with different doses of MeSA (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mM) and screening various salinity levels (0, 6, 8, 12, 15, and 17 dS m-1) at the seedling stage (21 days old). The different traits such as survival rates, morphological characteristics including plant height and root and length, the biomass of fresh and dry weights of the shoots and roots, and biochemical parameters (chlorophyll a and b, proline, and phenolic and flavonoid content) were measured. Treatment 0.1 mM MeSA had significantly higher root length and dry weight under 8 dS m-1, 6 dS m-1, higher chlorophyll and phenolic content under 17 dS m-1 for G1, whereas the 0.1 mM MeSA-treated plants had significantly higher root length under 15 dS m-1 and root fresh weight under 12 dS m-1 for G2 compared to control plants. The 0.5 mM MeSA-treated plants had significantly higher seedling length, survival rate, root fresh weight, and shoot fresh weight under 8 dS m-1, 6 dS m-1 then also had higher proline and flavonoid content under 17 dS m-1 for G1, while G2 had higher shoot dry weight under 17 dS m-1, higher root fresh weight under 8 dS m-1, higher proline content under15 dS m-1, and higher phenolic and flavonoid contents under 12 dS m-1 compared to control plants. Treatment 1.0 mM MeSA had higher survival rate under 6 dS m-1, seedling length under 15 dS m-1, shoot fresh weight under 6 dS m-1, root dry weight under 8 dS m-1, chlorophyll a under 15 dS m-1, and chlorophyll b under 8 dS m-1 compared to control plants. These results showed that positive effects induced by MeSA increased some physiological and biochemical traits of rice under salt stress at the seedling stage.

Thanh, Dang Trung, et al. "Effects of organic fertilizers produced from fish pond sediment on growth performances and yield of Malabar and Amaranthus vegetables." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 7 (2023): 1045592.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1045592

Abstract:

The increasing intensification of aquaculture production requires the development of strategies to reduce its environmental impacts such as the pollution caused by the discharge of nutrient-rich sediments into local water bodies. This research was undertaken to investigate and evaluate the effect of using organic fertilizers produced from the pond sludge of freshwater snakehead fish (Channa striata) composted with organic amendments of peanut shells and coir fiber on growth performance indices and yields of Malabar spinach (Basella alba L.) and Amaranthus cruentus (Amaranthus L.) vegetables in the dry and wet seasons. An organic fertilizer quality experiment showed that the richest nutrient contents of the produced organic fertilizer were achieved when using 30% sludge mixed with 70% organic amendments (50% peanut shells + 50% coir fiber). This was selected and used for a vegetable cultivation experiment. For the reference treatment, only chemical fertilizer was applied, while in the other four treatments, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the chemical fertilizer were substituted with the organic fertilizer. A 25–50% reduction in the chemical fertilizer application resulted in better growth performance indices and final yields than the other treatments, including the reference treatment, for both crops. The highest yields of Malabar spinach and Amaranthus cruentus vegetables were found in Treatment 3 (50% chemical fertilizer combined with 50% organic fertilizer), followed by Treatment 2 (25% organic fertilizer combined with 75% inorganic fertilizer) (P < 0.05). The results show that the reuse of sludge from snakehead fish ponds mixed with agricultural by-products as organic fertilizer for vegetables not only improves vegetable productivity but also reduces the costs of chemical fertilizer and decreases environmental pollution.

Le, Quoc Bao, et al. "Ion‐selectivity of polypyrrole carbide‐derived carbon films in aqueous electrolytes." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 140.8 (2023): e53522.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.53522

Abstract:

In this work, we have combined polypyrrole (PPy) doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS−) and carbide-derived carbon (CDC), forming PPyCDC (PPy/DBS-CDC) composites. Scanning electron microscopy revealed for PPyCDC that most CDC particles are located on the surface of the films. This work's main goal is to investigate the ion-selectivity of the novel PPyCDC composite by linear actuation studies, with primary actuation taking place at discharging. Four different aqueous electrolytes are applied with hydrophobic cations, such as TMA+ (tetramethylammonium ion) and EDMI+ (1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl imidazolium ion). They are hydrophilic with Li+ (lithium-ion) and Na+ (sodium ion). It was possible to distinguish each cation from linear actuation studies, either cyclic voltammetry or square wave potential steps. In the case of pristine PPy/DBS, that ion differentiation could not separate. Chronopotentiometric measurements of both films (PPyCDC and PPy/DBS) were performed. It could control (read) the strain for PPyCDC films and the potential at constant current density. The electrical energy adapts to exchange cations, forming a sensor device with ion-selectivity of the applied cations considering their hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics. The best specific capacitance (energy storage) is found for EDMI+ cations in PPyCDC films with 193 F g−1, enabling this composite in multifunctional applications.

Nguyen, Ngoc-Long, et al. "Performance on cognitive broadcasting networks employing Fountain codes and maximal ratio transmission." Radioengineering 32.1 (2023): 1-10.
DOI: 10.13164/re.2023.0001

Abstract:

The comprehensive performance of cognitive broadcasting networks employing Fountain codes (FC) and maximal ratio transmission (MRT) is investigated in the present paper. More precisely, the secondary transmitter (ST) employs Fountain code to effectively broadcast a common message such as a safety warning, security news, etc., to all secondary receivers (SRs) via underlay protocol of cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Different from works in the literature that are interested in studying the outage probability (OP), and the ergodic capacity of the CRNs. The present paper, on the other hand, focuses on the characteristics of the number of needed time slots to successfully deliver such a message. Particularly, we derive in closed-form expressions the cumulative distribution function (CDF), the probability mass function (PMF), and the average number of the required time slot to broadcast the message to all SRs. Additionally, we also provide the throughput of secondary networks (SNs). We point out the impact of some key parameters, ie, the number of SRs and the number of transmit antennae at the secondary transmitter, on the performance of these considered metrics. Numerical results via the Monte-Carlo method are given to verify the accuracy of the derived framework as well as to highlight the influences of some essential parameters. Furthermore, we also compare the performance of the proposed networks with state-of-the-art and simulation results unveiling that the considered system consistently outperforms works in the literature.

Tran, Hoai Khang, et al. "Sandwich-Structured Composite Polymer Electrolyte Based on PVDF-HFP/PPC/Al-Doped LLZO for High-Voltage Solid-State Lithium Batteries." ACS Applied Energy Materials 6.3 (2023): 1475-1487.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c03363

Abstract:

High-performance solid-state lithium-metal batteries (SSLMBs) require solid electrolytes displaying outstanding electrochemical stability, excellent ionic conductivity, and high Li+ ion transference number. On top of these, it should also be compatible with the electrodes applied and functionable under room temperature. To achieve these, a solution-casting technique is proposed herein to prepare a flexible composite polymer electrolyte (CPE), which is equipped with a high ionic conductivity and Li+ ion transference number, concurrently applicable in the construction of high-voltage solid-state Li batteries. The proposed CPE, which is made up of poly(vinylidene difluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/polypropylene carbonate (PPC) blend with an Al-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (Al-LLZO) filler, was sandwiched between PVDF-HFP/PPC–lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) skin layers with SN plasticizer added. This formulation of PVDF-HFP/PPC/Al-LLZO/LiTFSI/SN was abbreviated as sandwich-PPA in our study. Such configuration permits notable resistance reduction at the electrode–electrolyte interface while suppressing Li dendrite growth throughout the robust charging–discharging process. This can be attributed to the excellent performance of the sandwich composite electrolyte membrane, which promises high ionic conductivity (ca. 4.04 × 10–4 S cm–1) and a high Li+ ion transference number (ca. 0.583) at room temperature. A CR2032 coin cell, which is assembled with Al2O3-C@NCA/Sandwich-PPA/Li, delivered a high specific capacity (186.20 mAh g–1 at 0.1C at room temperature), along with its excellent rate performance and cycle stability (discharge capacity of 126.23 mAh g–1; capacity retention of 80.03% after 100 cycles at a rate of 0.5C at room temperature). This verified the potential of our novelty-formulated solid-state electrolyte to secure excellent performance of SSLMBs.

Tran, Tuyet Nhung, et al. "Highly Active Astaxanthin Production from Waste Molasses by Mutated Rhodosporidium toruloides G17." Fermentation 9.2 (2023): 148.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9020148

Abstract:

Astaxanthin is increasingly attracting commercial interest for its application in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to produce astaxanthin from molasses with our newly mutated strain of Rhodosporidium toruloides G17 and to evaluate biological activities of the produced astaxanthin. To maximize the astaxanthin yield, the response surface methodology was used so as to optimize the culture conditions. A maximum astaxanthin yield of 1262.08 ± 14.58 µg/L was achieved by growing R. toruloides G17 in a molasses-based medium containing 49.39 g/L reducing sugar, 1.00 g/L urea, 4.15 g/L MgSO4·7H2O, and 10.05% inoculum ratio. The produced astaxanthin was then purified and studied for its antioxidant and anticancer activities. This compound exhibited 123-fold higher antioxidant activity than α-tocopherol, with an IC50 value of 0.97 ± 0.01 µg/mL. The astaxanthin also showed a potent inhibitory ability against the following three cancer cell lines: HeLa, A549, and MCF7, with IC50 values of 69.07 ± 2.4 µg/mL, 55.60 ± 2.64 µg/mL, and 56.38 ± 4.1 µg/mL, respectively. This study indicates that astaxanthin derived from our newly mutated R. toruloides G17 is a promising anticancer and antioxidant agent for further pharmaceutical applications.

Phan, VH Giang, et al. "Cellulose Nanocrystals-Incorporated Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Controlled Release, 3D Printing, and Breast Cancer Treatment Applications." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14.38 (2022): 42812-42826.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c05864

Abstract:

In situ-gel-forming thermoresponsive copolymers have been widely exploited in controlled delivery applications because their critical gel temperature is similar to human body temperature. However, there are limitations to controlling the delivery of biologics from a hydrogel network because of the poor networking and reinforcement between the copolymer networks. This study developed an in situ-forming robust injectable and 3D printable hydrogel network based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) incorporated amphiphilic copolymers, poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide (PCLA). In addition, the physicochemical and mechanical properties of injectable hydrogels were controlled by physically incorporating CNCs with amphiphilic PCLA copolymers. CNCs played an unprecedented role in physically reinforcing the PCLA copolymers’ micelle network via intermicellar bridges. Apart from that, the free-flowing closely packed rod-like CNCs incorporated PCLA micelle networks at low temperature transformed to a stable viscoelastic hydrogel network at physiological temperature. CNC incorporated PCLA copolymer sols effectively coordinated with hydrophobic doxorubicin and water-soluble lysozyme by a combination of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interaction and controlled the release of biologics. As shown by the 3D printing results, the biocompatible PCLA hydrogels continuously extruded during printing had good injectability and maintained high shape fidelity after printing without any secondary cross-linking steps. The interlayer bonding between the printed layers was high and formed stable 3D structures up to 10 layers. Subcutaneous injection of free-flowing CNC incorporated PCLA copolymer sols to BALB/c mice formed a hydrogel instantly and showed controlled biodegradation of the hydrogel depot without induction of toxicity at the implantation sites or surrounding tissues. At the same time, the in vivo antitumor effect on the MDA-MB-231 tumor xenograft model demonstrated that DOX-loaded hydrogel formulation significantly inhibited the tumor growth. In summary, the CNC incorporated biodegradable hydrogels developed in this study exhibit a prolonged release with special release kinetics for hydrophobic and hydrophilic biologics.

Phan, VH Giang, et al. "Ionically cross-linked alginate-chitosan core-shell hydrogel beads for oral delivery of insulin." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 222 (2022): 262-271.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.165

Abstract:

Here, core-shell hydrogel beads for oral insulin delivery at intestine was reported, which was a target site for insulin absorption. The core-shell hydrogel beads were prepared using naturally derived alginate and chitosan polysaccharides by simple dropping technique. In order to effectively control leakage of insulin from core-shell hydrogel beads, insulin was embedded into the layered double hydroxides (LDHs). LDH/insulin-loaded complexes were firstly coated with chitosan, and then coated with alginate to generate core-shell hydrogel beads. The biocompatibility and angiogenic response of core-shell hydrogel beads were evaluated by direct contact of the beads with chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane, which indicates safety of the core-shell beads. The beads successfully retained the insulin within the core-shell structure at pH 1.2, indicating that insulin had a good protective effect in harsh acidic environments. Interestingly, insulin release starts at the simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) and continue to release for 24 h in a sustained manner.

Phan, VH Giang, et al. "Biomimetic injectable hydrogel based on silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid embedded with methylprednisolone for cartilage regeneration." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 219 (2022): 112859.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112859

Abstract:

Articular cartilage injury is characterized by limited self-repair capacity due to the shortage of blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. Hence, this study aims to exploit a classic injectable hydrogel platform that can restore the cartilage defects with minimally invasive surgery, which is similar to the natural extracellular microenvironment, and highly porous network for cell adhesion and proliferation. In this study, an injectable scaffold system comprised of silk fibroin (SF) and hyaluronic acid (HA) was developed to adapt the above requirements. Besides, methylprednisolone (MP) was encapsulated by SF/HA scaffold for alleviating inflammation. The SF/HA hydrogel scaffold was prepared by chemical cross-linking between the lysine residues of SF via Schiff base formation, and pore diameter of the obtained hydrogels was 100.47 ± 32.09 µm. The highly porous nature of hydrogel could further benefit the soft tissue regeneration. Compared with HA-free hydrogels, SF/HA hydrogel showed more controlled release on MP. In ovo experiment of chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) demonstrated that SF/HA hydrogels not altered the angiogenesis and formation of blood vessels, thus making it suitable for cartilage regeneration. Furthermore, in vivo gel formation was validated in mice model, suggesting in situ gel formation of SF/HA hydrogels. More importantly, SF/HA hydrogels exhibited the controlled biodegradation. Overall, SF/HA hydrogels provide further insights to the preparation of effective scaffold for tissue regeneration and pave the way to improve the articular cartilage injury treatment.

Manivasagan, P., Khan, F., Dhatchayeny, D. R., Park, S., Joe, A., Han, H. W., ... & Jang, E. S. (2023). Antibody-conjugated and streptomycin-chitosan oligosaccharide-modified gold nanoshells for synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy of drug-resistant bacterial infection. Journal of Advanced Research, 48, 87-104.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.009

Abstract:

Despite the many advanced strategies that are available, rapid gene mutation in multidrug-resistant bacterial infections remains a major challenge. Combining new therapeutic strategies such as chemo-photothermal therapy (PTT) with high antibacterial efficiency against drug-resistant Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is urgently needed. Here, we report synergistic chemo-PTT against drug-resistant LM based on antibody-conjugated and streptomycin-chitosan oligosaccharide-modified gold nanoshells (anti-STR-CO-GNSs) as all-in-one nanotheranostic agents for the first time, which was used for accurate antibacterial applications. The anti-STR-CO-GNSs showed excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (31.97 %) and were responsive to near-infrared (NIR) and pH dual stimuli-triggered antibiotic release, resulting in outstanding chemo-photothermal effects against LM. In vitro chemo-photothermal effect of anti-STR-CO-GNSs with laser irradiation caused a greater antibacterial effect (1.37 %), resulting in more rapid killing of LM and prevention of LM regrowth. Most importantly, the mice receiving the anti-STR-CO-GNSs with laser irradiation specifically at the sites of LM infections healed almost completely, leaving only scars on the surface of the skin and resulting in superior inhibitory effects from combined chemo-PTT. Overall, our findings suggest that chemo-PTT using smart biocompatible anti-STR-CO-GNSs is a favorable potential alternative to combat the increasing threat of drug-resistant LM, which opens a new door for clinical anti-infection therapy in the future.

Nguyen, Quoc Hai, et al. "Optimal tailored preparation of Sb/Sb4O5Cl2 nanosheet composite anodes for efficient sodium-ion storage." Electrochimica Acta 436 (2022): 141429.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141429

Abstract:

Herein, we report the preparation of Sb/Sb₄O₅Cl₂ nanosheet composites (NSCs) via a galvanic replacement reaction for application as advanced anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analyses reveal the presence of Sb and Sb₄O₅Cl₂ phases with sheet structures, and amorphous and crystalline regions. The reaction time significantly influences both the sheet size and the amount of amorphous phase in the Sb/Sb₄O₅Cl₂ NSCs. The Sb/Sb₄O₅Cl₂–6 h NSCs exhibits notable electrochemical performance, including high Na-ion storage capacity, high rate capability, and outstanding cycling stability compared to the Sb/Sb₄O₅Cl₂–12 h NSCs. The difference in the electrochemical performances can be assigned to the presence of sheet structures and optimum amorphous phases that act as buffers against the volumetric variation, prevent the destruction of the electrodes during charge/discharge, and improve the reaction kinetics. A full battery consisting of Sb/Sb₄O₅Cl₂||Na_xFeFe(CN)₆ is developed with an Sb/Sb₄O₅Cl₂–6 h NSC anode and a Na_xFeFe(CN)₆ cathode. This full battery presents a high working potential of up to 2.45 V, high energy density of 110 Wh kg⁻¹, excellent rate capacity, and stable capability.

Nguyen, Quoc Hai, Qui Thanh Hoai Ta, and Ngo Tran. "The mechanisms and topologies of Ru-based water oxidation catalysts: A comprehensive review." Ceramics International (2022).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.11.228

Abstract:

A water-splitting device is based on the activity of water oxidation catalysts. Water oxidation catalysts have been designed using different strategies to form multiple topologies. The catalysts vary in their function depending on their coordination flexibility, steric hindrance, and carboxylate ligands. The onset potential of the water-oxidation catalysts can be lowered by the addition of functional groups with negative charges. The normal configuration of the transition metal complex should be distorted to form an open site that can conveniently bind to the substrates. In this review, we have discussed the mechanism of Ru-based water oxidation catalysts with different topologies beneficial for the conversion of the substrate.

Nguyen, Quoc Hai, Qui Thanh Hoai Ta, and Ngo Tran. "Review on the transformation of biomechanical energy to green energy using triboelectric and piezoelectric based smart materials." Journal of Cleaner Production (2022): 133702.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133702

Abstract:

Various technologies for harvesting energy have emerged to substitute the conventional energy sources. The environmental issues, such as global warming, greenhouse effect and others, associated with non-renewable energy sources have instigated the development of technologies to harness power from vibration, solar, and thermal energy. The energy can be converted to power using small electronic devices. Vibration is a common energy source in our surroundings and can be transformed into electrical energy using different transduction mechanisms: electrostatic, electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric generators. A piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) are two electrical power harvesting devices for converting the vibration from the surrounding to electrical energy. Several eco-friendly and biocompatible components have been employed in the fabrication of the PENG and TENG for multiple application including chemical sensors, pressure sensors, and biomedical appliances. This review elaborates the application of different smart materials as the TENG and PENG for the conversion of mechanical or vibrational energy to electrical energy for varied applications.

Lee, T. C., Zang, Q. N., Lin, K. H., Hu, H. L., Lu, P. Y., Zhang, J. Y., ... & Ko, T. H. (2022). An Improved Method of Theabrownins Extraction and Detection in Six Major Types of Tea (Camellia sinensis). Journal of Chemistry, 2022.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8581515

Abstract:

Tea pigments consisting of theabrownins (TBs), theaflavins (TFs), and thearubigins (TRs) affect the color and taste of tea. TBs include a variety of water-soluble compounds, but do not dissolve in n-butanol and ethyl acetate. Previously, the traditional method of TB extraction only mixed tea with n-butanol, and TBs were retained in the water phase. However, without ethyl acetate extraction, TFs and TRs remained in the water phase and affected the detection of TB content. Although an improved method had been devised by adding an ethyl acetate extraction step between tea production and n-butanol extraction, the proportional equation for calculating TB content (%) was not yet developed. In this study, we compared the absorbance at 380 nm (A₃₈₀) of TB solutions from six major types of tea (green, yellow, oolong, white, black, and dark teas) extracted by improved and traditional methods from the same tea samples. Significantly lower A₃₈₀ values were obtained from TB solutions via the improved method compared to the traditional method for six major types of tea, and the highest and lowest slops in TB concentrations from A₃₈₀ analyses were from dark tea and green tea, respectively. Moreover, newly developed equations for TB content in those six tea types extracted by the improved methods were also established.

Zondaka, Z., Le, Q. B., & Kiefer, R. (2022). Polypyrrole with Embedded Carbide-Derived Carbon with and without Phosphor Tungsten Acid: Linear Actuation and Energy Storage. Polymers, 14(21), 4757.

https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14214757

Abstract:

Researchers have focused on incorporating porous carbon particles such as carbon-derived carbon (CDC) into polypyrrole (PPy), preferably on the surface, to achieve high-capacitive electrodes. Less attention is afforded to their linear actuation properties. Therefore, in this work, we chose two different electropolymerization processes using the typical PPy doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS⁻) and added CDC particles, compared with CDC with phosphotungstic acid (PTA), forming CDC-PT⁴⁻ dopants. The resulting PPy/DBS-CDC (PPyCDC) and PPy/DBS-CDC-PT (PPyCDC-PT) films showed different morphologies, with PPyCDC having the most CDC particles on the surface with less surrounding PPy, while in PPyCDC-PT, all the CDC particles were covered with PPy. Their linear actuation properties, applying electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry and square wave potential steps), were found to enhance the PPyCDC-PT films in organic (2-times-higher strain) and aqueous electrolytes (2.8-times-higher strain) in an applied potential range of 0.8 V to −0.5 V. The energy storage capability found for the PPyCDC was favorable, with 159 ± 13 F cm⁻³ (1.2 times lower for PPyCDC-PT) in the organic electrolyte, while in the aqueous electrolyte, a result of 135 ± 11 F cm⁻³ was determined (1.8 times lower for PPyCDC-PT). The results showed that PPyCDC was more favorable in terms of energy storage, while PPyCDC-PT was suitable for linear actuator applications. The characterization of both the film samples included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman, FTIR, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy.

Elhi, F., Puust, L., Kiefer, R., & Tamm, T. (2023). Electrolyte contribution to the multifunctional response of cellulose carbon nanotube fibers. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 182, 105480.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105480

Abstract:

Flexible wearable multifunctional devices such as cellulose loaded with electroactive components are in the focus of modern research for electrochemical energy storage, sensors and actuators. In this report, the multifunctional response of cellulose with 50 wt% MWCNT formed into Cell-CNT composite fibers is demonstrated. The effect of (aqueous) electrolyte choice on the electro-mechanical response of Cell-CNT was studied. Aqueous electrolytes such as tetramethylammonium chloride (TMACl), sodium perchlorate (NaClO₄), and 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EDMITF) were considered, with the resulting stress and strain decreasing in the order Cl⁻ > ClO₄⁻ > TF⁻, matching the order of the size of the ions. Upon negative charging, the cations of the electrolytes showed electromechanical response in the order: TMA⁺ > EDMI⁺ > Na⁺, where the solvation strength of the cations had stronger influence than their size without solvation shell. The highest specific capacitance was shown by TMACl in the range of 74 mF cm⁻² upon positive charging, with also the best retention of capacitance of 86% in long-term measurements. Chronopotentiometric measurements of Cell-CNT fibers where conducted to evaluate if the composites can also act as sensors for different electrolytes. The Cell-CNT fibers were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy.

Livsey, J., Da, C. T., Scaini, A., Lan, T. H. P., Long, T. X., Berg, H., & Manzoni, S. (2021). Floods, soil and food–Interactions between water management and rice production within An Giang province, Vietnam. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 320, 107589.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107589

Abstract:

Rapid intensification of Vietnamese rice production has had a positive effect on the nation's food production and economy. However, the sustainability of intensive rice production is increasingly being questioned within Vietnam, particularly in major agricultural provinces such as An Giang. The construction of high dykes within this province, which allow for complete regulation of water onto rice fields, has enabled farmers to grow up to three rice crops per year. However, the profitability of producing three crops is rapidly decreasing as farmers increase their use of chemical fertilizer inputs and pesticides. Increased fertilizer inputs are partly used to replace natural flood-borne, nutrient-rich sediment inputs that have been inhibited by the dykes, but farmers believe that despite this, soil health within the dyke system is degrading. However, the effects of the dykes on soil properties have not been tested. Therefore, a sampling campaign was conducted to assess differences in soil properties caused by the construction of dykes. The results show that, under present fertilization practices, although dykes may inhibit flood-borne sediments, this does not lead to a systematic reduction in nutrients that typically limit rice growth within areas producing three crops per year. Concentrations of total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and both total and available potassium, and pH were higher in the surface layer of soils of three crop areas when compared to two crop areas. This suggests that yield declines may be caused by other factors related to the construction of dykes and the use of chemical inputs, and that care should be taken when attempting to maintain crop yields. Attempting to compensate for yield declines by increasing fertilizer inputs may ultimately have negative effects on yields.

Van, Dung Tran, Thu Tat Anh, and Long Vu Van. "Decomposition of rice straw residues and the emission of CO2, CH4 under paddy rice and crop rotation in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta region–A microcosm study." Plant, Soil and Environment 68.1 (2022): 29-35.

https://doi.org/10.17221/304/2021-PSE

Abstract:

This study investigated the influence of soil undergoing different crop rotations on the CH₄, CO₂ emissions, and decomposition of rice straw. The studied soil undergoing crop rotation systems were rice-rice-rice (SR) and baby corn-rice-mungbean (SB). Two main microcosm set-ups: anaerobic (SR-AN, SB-AN) and aerobic (SR-AE, SB-AE) conditions. Litter bags containing rice stems were inserted into the soil and recollected at different time points for chemical analysing and the gas sampling was collected to measure the CO₂ and CH₄ emissions. The results indicated that the total carbon (TC) decreased around 30%, and the TC removal in anaerobic was significantly higher than in aerobic conditions. The residue cellulose content varied in a range from 68.2% to 78.6%, while the hemicellulose content varied from 57.4% to 69.3% at day 50 after incorporation. There were no significant differences in the total nitrogen removal, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents among the microcosm set-ups. CO₂ emission increased in all the microcosm set-ups with the treatments without rice straw (CTSR, CTSB) in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. CH₄ release in the SR-AN treatments did not differ significantly compared with the SB-AN treatments. This study confirmed that the decomposition of rice straw residues is faster in the anaerobic paddy soil condition compared to the aerobic crop rotation condition.

Anh, L. H. Q., et al. "Titanium dioxide-activated carbon composite for photoelectrochemical degradation of phenol." Chimica Techno Acta. 2022. Vol. 9.№ 4 9.4 (2022).

http://hdl.handle.net/10995/120161

Abstract:

In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and titanium dioxide – activated carbon composite (TiO2–AC) were prepared by sol-gel method for photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications. Characterization of the materials was performed by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results show that TiO2 was successfully loaded on activated carbon (AC), producing TiO2–AC with 2.61 eV of bandgap energy, lower than that of TiO2 (3.15 eV). Photoanodes based on TiO2 and TiO2–AC were fabricated and applied to PEC experiments for phenol degradation. In comparison with the TiO2 photoanode, the TiO2–AC one exhibited superior photocatalytic activity, which was indicated by a high current density and effective phenol removal. A mechanism of phenol PEC degradation on the TiO2–AC photoanode was proposed, which includes interaction between protonated phenol and active sites bearing oxygen on the photoanode surface. A kinetic model according to this mechanism was also established and fitted to experimental findings, resulting in rate constants of elementary reactions.

Tran, Thien Khanh, et al. "The utilization of rice straw (Oryza Sativa L.) as a green catalyst in the enhanced production of hydrogen via the thermochemical conversion process of shrimp farm sludge." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2023).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.03.105

Abstract:

The catalytic mechanism of rice straw, Oryza Sativa L., on the carbonation of shrimp farm sludges via the gasification process was investigated in this work. Rice straw possessed 75% of its weight is silicon dioxide (SiO₂) which can be utilized as an effective catalyst whereas the tar decomposition and gas production during the thermochemical process can be enhanced. In that manner, the influence of working temperature (^oC), the ratio (%wt) on the amount of rice straw used in the shrimp farm sludges, and the moisture content (%) in the prepared samples are taken into account to determine the role of rice straw catalytic. Gasification processes were carried out in 60 min in a stainless steel reactor, with a feeding rate of 0.5 kg/h and an air-pumped flow rate of 2 L/min. All experiments were performed under different conditions of working temperatures (600, 700, 800, and 900 °C), sample composition (0, 20, 40, and 60 %wt of rice straw added), and moisture content of the feedstock (20, 40, 60, 80, and 90%). It is essential to confirm that the change in sample moisture content and the working temperature are also significant to the production of hydrogen throughout the process. As the moisture content increase from 20 to 40%, the hydrogen yield is proportionally increased by 5–10%. On the aspect of working temperature influence, the hydrogen composition increased from 11% at 600 °C to 27% at 900 °C for the RS sample, from 13% at 600 °C to 29% at 900 °C for the RS20, from 17% at 600 °C to 35% at 900 °C for the RS40 sample, and from 19% at 600 °C to 43% at 900 °C for the RS60 sample. The findings in this work confirm the rice straw catalyst's role in enhancing hydrogen production via the gasification process. Furthermore, this work provides guidance information for simple but effective processes that can not only deal with the sludge waste management issue but also create a waste-to-energy route suitable for medium and small-scale aquaculture businesses.

Tran, Thien Khanh, et al. "The Preparation of Eco-Friendly Magnetic Adsorbent from Wild Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): The Application for Removing Lead Ions from Industrial Wastewater." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (2022).

https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5427851

Abstract:

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a wild floating plant that can be found widely in pond or river areas. The plant grows fiercely and causes many harmful issues to the ecosystem around its covered area. This work provides a utilization method that converts wild water hyacinth to reliable magnetic biochar which can be used as a very effective adsorbent for the removal of lead ion Pb(II) in industrial wastewater. The mentioned magnetic biochar can be prepared via a modified pyrolysis process at 550°C with the support of cobalt sulfates as magnetite precursors and limited oxygen from the sweeping gas (the gas mixture ratio is 4 : 1 nitrogen/oxygen). The produced samples were hydrophobic biochar with high oxygen-containing functional groups that are suitable for the removal of inorganic contaminants. The impregnation of cobalt (II, III) oxides provided high magnetic separation performance and additional adsorption sites on the produced magnetic biochar. As indicated by the obtained result, the WHB-Co2M sample possesses a highly porous structure (0.126 cc/g), higher thermal stability (thermal durability reaches 900°C), relatively stable magnetic properties (14.74 emu/g), and a larger surface area (192 m²/g). These beneficial properties led to its suitability to serve as an adsorbent in removing lead ions in the contaminated effluent, recording 95% of removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of 67.815 mg/g. As indicated in the result, all prepared magnetic biochar samples were fitted to two-parameter (Langmuir models) and three-parameter (Sips model) isotherm models. Therefore, the adsorption process in this work could be carried out on both homogeneous and heterogeneous adsorbent surfaces. The adsorption kinetics of the removal process also was described by the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich models to reveal the adsorption and desorption rate of the as-prepared magnetic biochar. This work indicates a successful waste refinery route of converting lignocellulosic biomass such as water hyacinth into value-added material for use as promising heavy metal adsorbents.

Do, Tuong Ha, et al. "Insight into the role of excess hydroxide ions in silicate condensation reactions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 25.18 (2023): 12723-12733.

https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CP00475A

Abstract:

The formation of silicate oligomers in the early stages is key to zeolite synthesis. The pH and the presence of hydroxide ions are important in regulating the reaction rate and the dominant species in solutions. This paper describes the formation of silicate species, from dimers to 4-membered rings, using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations in explicit water molecules with an excess hydroxide ion. The thermodynamic integration method was used to calculate the free energy profile of the condensation reactions. The hydroxide group's role is not only to control the pH of the environment, but also to actively participate in the condensation reaction. The results show that the most favorable reactions are linear-tetramer and 4-membered-ring formation, with overall barriers of 71 kJ mol⁻¹ and 73 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. The formation of trimeric silicate, with the largest free-energy barrier of 102 kJ mol⁻¹, is the rate-limiting step under these conditions. The excess hydroxide ion aids in the stabilization of the 4-membered-ring structure over the 3-membered-ring structure. Due to a relatively high free-energy barrier, the 4-membered ring is the most difficult of the small silicate structures to dissolve in the backward reaction. This study is consistent with the experimental observation that silicate growth in zeolite synthesis is slower in a very-high-pH environment.

Nguyen, Hoang Chinh, et al. "Isolation and Cultivation of Penicillium citrinum for Biological Control of Spodoptera litura and Plutella xylostella." Fermentation 9.5 (2023): 438.

https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9050438

Abstract:

Biological control agents are a promising substitute for chemical pesticides in agricultural pest management. In this study, Penicillium sp. with high pathogenicity to the agricultural pests oriental leafworm moth (Spodoptera litura) and diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) were isolated from naturally infected insects and grown on different agricultural residues as an inexpensive substrate for their sporulation. Ten strains of Penicillium (P.01~P.10) were identified as P. citrinum based on morphological features and molecular studies, with sequence analysis using an internal transcribed spacer region. Different fungal isolates exhibited a varying degree of pathogenicity against S. litura and Pl. xylostella, and strains P.04 and P.09 showed the highest pathogenicity to S. litura, with a mortality rate of 92.13% after 7 days of treatments, while strain P.06 resulted in the highest mortality of Pl. xylostella (100%) after 6 days of treatment. Moreover, among ten isolates infected with both S. litura and P. xylostella, P.06 showed potential virulence against S. litura and Pl. xylostella, with lethal time for 50% mortality (LT₅₀) values of 4.5 days and 3.0 days, respectively. The ten isolates showed higher virulence to Pl. xylostella than to S. litura. The agro-industrial-based medium showed efficiency for the cultivation of isolates for sporulation on an industrial scale, suggesting that the newly isolated P. citrinum is a potential biological control agent for controlling insect pests and could be further developed for microbial pesticide production.

Berg, H., Lan, T. H. P., Da, C. T., & Tam, N. T. (2023). Stakeholders assessment of status and trends of ecosystem services in the Mekong Delta for improved management of multifunctional wetlands. Journal of Environmental Management, 338, 117807.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117807

Abstract:

Increased agriculture and aquaculture production in the Mekong Delta during the last two decades has improved farmers' income, national export earnings and reduced poverty, but has also impacted on the environment and ecosystem services (ES) of importance to peoples' livelihoods and well-being. Through group discussions, interviews and questionnaires, this study assesses stakeholders’ perceptions of the status and trends of ES in the Mekong Delta and how these have been influenced by agriculture development. 15 of 24 ES were assessed to be impacted negatively by agriculture intensification, and especially supporting and regulating ES (SRES). Only a few provisioning ES (PrES), related to farming, were assessed to be in a good and stable supply, because of human interventions to create favorable conditions for these ES. Among the ten highest ranked ES, eight belonged to PrES and two belonged to SRES. There was a positive correlation between rank and awareness of ES. The supply of most SRES was perceived to be in a low and declining status and assessed to be in a high need for improved management. Some ES, such as pest-control had been complemented with human-made substitutes, such as pesticides, which however sometimes weakened rather than strengthened the ES. Cultural ES (CES) were often ranked lower and of less management concern than the other groups of ES. It is concluded that future agriculture strategies need a more balanced management of ES for a long-term production of healthy food and increased resilience of the Mekong Delta to cope with future challenges, such as climate change and upstream dams.

Berg, H., Lan, T. H. P., Tam, N. T., Trang, D. H., Van, P. H. T., Duc, H. N., & Da, C. T. (2023). An ecological economic comparison between integrated rice-fish farming and rice monocultures with low and high dikes in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Ambio, 1-13.

Abstract:

This study makes an ecological economic comparison between three different rice farming strategies in the Mekong Delta. Interviews were made with 30 farmers with two crops of rice and low dikes (2RLd), 30 farmers with three crops of rice and high dikes (3RHd) and 18 farmers with two crops of rice and one crop of fish (2RF). 2RF farmers had the highest annual net income and benefit cost ratio, because of low production costs and high yields of rice and fish. 2RLd farmers had the lowest annual net income. 3RHd had the highest annual rice yield, but also used the highest amount of rice seeds and agrochemicals, generating the lowest benefit cost ratio. Most farmers (70%) preferred two crops because of a higher production efficiency. High dikes and frequent use of pesticides and fertilizers were seen to decrease the water and rice quality, connectivity and biodiversity in farms with three crops. It is concluded that rice farming with two crops, and especially if integrated with fish and applying IPM, provides a sustainable alternative to rice farming with three crops and high dikes, because it makes use of the high connectivity within the rice-field ecosystem for an efficient production of healthy food through increased recycling of nutrients and  natural pest control mechanisms.

Khuyen, Nguyen Quang, et al. "Sustainability of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Fibers and Their Cellulose Composite." Sustainability 15.12 (2023): 9227.

https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129227

Abstract:

Nowadays, the research community envisions smart materials composed of biodegradable, biocompatible, and sustainable natural polymers, such as cellulose. Most applications of cellulose electroactive materials are developed for energy storage and sensors, while only a few are reported for linear actuators. Therefore, we introduce here cellulose-multiwall carbon nanotube composite (Cell-CNT) fibers compared with pristine multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers made by dielectrophoresis (DEP) in their linear actuation in an organic electrolyte. Electrochemical measurements (cyclic voltammetry, square wave potential steps, and chronopotentiometry) were performed with electromechanical deformation (EMD) measurements. The linear actuation of Cell-CNT outperformed the main actuation at discharging, having 7.9 kPa stress and 0.062% strain, making this composite more sustainable in smart materials, textiles, or robotics. The CNT fiber depends on scan rates switching from mixed actuation to main expansion at negative charging. The CNT fiber-specific capacitance was much enhanced with 278 F g⁻¹, and had a capacity retention of 96% after 5000 cycles, making this fiber more sustainable in energy storage than the Cell-CNT fiber. The fiber samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET (Braunauer-Emmett-Teller) measurement, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy.

NGUYEN, Nha T., and Nhut N. NGUYEN. "Application of fruit juice for proliferation of Bacillus to control fungal phytopathogens." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 51.2 (2023): 13031-13031.

https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51213031

Abstract:

Plant-based media have recently been of interest as potential natural media for microbial culture. This study was conducted to apply inexpensive and available fruits to culture Bacillus antagonizing three fungal phytopathogens including Phytophthora capsici GTC 2.6.1, Rhizoctonia solani GTC 2.7.1, and Sclerotium rolfsii GTC 2.9.1. The results showed that the juice media of dragon fruit, Cavendish banana, watermelon, pineapple, and MT1 seedless guava could all be used to culture two screened antagonistic Bacillus strains including B08 and B18. Surveys on the media from watermelon juice indicated that juice concentration (based on mass of fruit pulp), initial pH, concentration of traditional medium added to the juice medium had different effects on the growth of two strains of Bacillus sp. B08 and B18. These preliminary results demonstrated the potential application of the juice in biomass production of antagonistic Bacillus strains. This approach is certainly safe for the environment and has the potential to improve fruit consumption and reduce the cost of microbial fertilizer production, so it needs more research attention.

Bui, Anh Vo, et al. "Chemical compositions and biological activities of Serevenia buxifolia essential oil leaves cultivated in Vietnam (Thua Thien Hue)." Food Science & Nutrition (2023).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1045592

https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3395

Abstract:

Serevenia buxifolia is an evergreen citrus plant and has attracted considerable attention due to its bioactive components and biological activities. In the present study, the essential oil (EO) from S. buxifolia cultivated in Vietnam was demonstrated to exhibit the in vitro antioxidant, thrombolytic, anti-hemolysis, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. Briefly, the gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the leaf EO of S. buxifolia was composed of 33 components, with the main constituents being β-carypphyllene (32.5%), and elixene (9.8%). The extracted oil possessed a fairly high free radical scavenging activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), with an IC₅₀ value of 190.7 μg/mL compared with positive control, α-tocopherol, IC₅₀ value of 42.6 μg/mL. The EO also exhibited thrombolytic activity: the percentage of inhibition was found to be 70.75% at 100 μL, in comparison with 87.2% for the positive control, streptokinase. For hemolytic activity, the percentage of inhibition of the EO was from 27.4% to 59.6% at concentrations from 10 to 100 μg/mL, respectively. The results of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity indicated that the EO of S. buxifolia leaves effectively protects the heat-induced denaturation, with an IC₅₀ value of 40.25 μg/mL. The EO also exhibited antidiabetic potential, with IC₅₀ values of 87.8 and 134.9 μg/mL against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. It is noteworthy that the potent biological activities of the obtained S. buxifolia oil increased in a dose-dependent manner. The results achieved show that the EO of S. buxifolia leaves can be a potential source for oxidative stress, inflammatory, and diabetic management.

Khuyen, Nguyen Quang, Rudolf Kiefer, and Quoc Bao Le. "rGO/Ni-MOF Composite Modified with PANI Applied as Electrode Materials for Supercapacitor." Chemistry Letters 52.1 (2023): 17-21.

https://doi.org/10.1246/cl.220436

Abstract:

This paper studies a Ni-based metal-organic framework (Ni-MOF) composite to identify its electrochemical properties when applied to supercapacitors (SCs). The composite contains reduced graphene oxide (rGO) used as the matrix and polyaniline (PANI) to enhance the pseudocapacitance for electrochemical SC’s fabrication. An excellent specific capacitance (204 F/g at 0.5 A/g) and retention (81% after 5000 cycles) are obtained.

Le, Bao, et al. "Preparation, Characterization, and Anti-Adhesive Activity of Sulfate Polysaccharide from Caulerpa lentillifera against Helicobacter pylori." Polymers 14.22 (2022): 4993.

https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14224993

Abstract:

In the gastric mucosa, chronic inflammation due to Helicobacter pylori infection promotes gastrocarcinogenesis. Polysaccharides of Caulerpa lentillifera are well-characterized by broad antimicrobial activity and anti-inflammatory potentials. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether the low molecular sulfate polysaccharides of C. lentillifera (CLCP) exhibit any anti-adhesive activity against H. pylori. After a hot water extraction and purification process, two purified polysaccharide fractions (CLCP-1 and CLCP2) were studied based on structural characterization and bioactivity determination. The results implied that except for the molar ratio, CLCP-1 and CLCP-2 contain high sulfate, mannose, galactose, xylose, glucose levels, and low protein levels. The molecular weight and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) assays confirmed that CLCP-1 and CLCP-2 are sulfate polysaccharides with an average molecular weight (Mw) of 963.15 and 648.42 kDa, respectively. In addition, CLCP-1 and CLCP-2 exhibited stronger antibacterial activity against H. pylori. CLCP-1 and CLCP-2 could significantly promote macrophage proliferation and decrease the production of nitric oxide (NO) through downregulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Meanwhile, CLCP-1 and CLCP-2 in this study showed efficiently protected gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells against H. pylori with the inhibition of the IL-8/NF-κB axis. These findings suggested the effect of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides on H. pylori adhesion, a potential supply of nutrients for eradication therapy through the reduction of cell count and inflammation.

Velmurugan, Bharath Kumar, et al. "Dehydrocrenatidine induces liver cancer cell apoptosis by suppressing JNK-mediated signaling." Pharmaceuticals 15.4 (2022): 402.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15040402

Abstract:

Liver cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advancement in therapeutic interventions, liver cancer is associated with poor prognosis because of highly lethal characteristics and high recurrence rate. In the present study, the anticancer potential of a plant-based alkaloid namely dehydrocrenatidine has been evaluated in human liver cancer cells. The study findings revealed that dehydrocrenatidine reduced cancer cell viability by arresting cell cycle at G2/M phase and activating mitochondria-mediated and death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathways. Specifically, dehydrocrenatidine significantly increased the expression of extrinsic pathway components (FAS, DR5, FADD, and TRADD) as well as intrinsic pathway components (Bax and Bim L/S) in liver cancer cells. In addition, dehydrocrenatidine significantly increased the cleavage and activation of PARP and caspases 3, 8, and 9. The analysis of upstream signaling pathways revealed that dehydrocrenatidine induced caspase-mediated apoptosis by suppressing the phosphorylation of JNK1/2. Taken together, the study identifies dehydrocrenatidine as a potent anticancer agent that can be use clinically to inhibit the proliferation of human liver cancer cells.

Hsieh, M. J., Huang, C. Y., Kiefer, R., Lee, S. D., Maurya, N., & Velmurugan, B. K. (2022). Cardiovascular disease and possible ways in which lycopene acts as an efficient cardio-protectant against different cardiovascular risk factors. Molecules, 27(10), 3235.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103235

Abstract:

Foods rich in antioxidants such as lycopene have a major role in maintaining cardiac health. Lycopene, 80% of which can be obtained by consuming a common vegetable such as tomato, can prevent the disturbances that contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present work begins with a brief introduction to CVD and lycopene and its various properties such as bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, etc. In this review, the potential cardio-protective effects of lycopene that reduce the progression of CVD and thrombotic complications are detailed. Further, the protective effects of lycopene including in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials conducted on lycopene for CVD protective effects are explained. Finally, the controversial aspect of lycopene as a protective agent against CVD and toxicity are also mentioned.

Kiefer, Rudolf, et al. "Wider Potential Windows of Cellulose Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Fibers Leading to Qualitative Multifunctional Changes in an Organic Electrolyte." Polymers 13.24 (2021): 4439.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13244439

Abstract:

The trend across the whole of society is to focus on natural and/or biodegradable materials such as cellulose (Cell) over synthetic polymers. Among other usage scenarios, Cell can be combined with electroactive components such as multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT) to form composites, such as Cell-CNT fibers, for applications in actuators, sensors, and energy storage devices. In this work, we aim to show that by changing the potential window, qualitative multifunctionality of the composites can be invoked, in both electromechanical response as well as energy storage capability. Cell-CNT fibers were investigated in different potential ranges (0.8 V to −0.3 V, 0.55 V to −0.8 V, 1 V to −0.8 V, and 1.5 V to −0.8 V), revealing the transfer from cation-active to anion-active as the potential window shifted towards more positive potentials. Moreover, increasing the driving frequency also shifts the mode from cation- to anion-active. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were conducted to determine the ion species participating in charge compensation under different conditions.

Kiefer, Rudolf, et al. "Ion Mobility in Thick and Thin Poly-3, 4 Ethylenedioxythiophene Films—From EQCM to Actuation." Polymers 13.15 (2021): 2448.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13152448

Abstract:

Conductive polymer actuators and sensors rely on controlled ion transport coupled to a potential/charge change. In order to understand and control such devices, it is of paramount importance to understand the factors that determine ion flux at various conditions, including the synthesis potential. In this work, the ion transport in thinner poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) films during charge/discharge driven by cyclic voltammetry is studied by consideration of the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and the results are compared to the actuation responses of thicker films that have been synthesized with the same conditions in the bending and linear expansion modes. The effects of polymerization potentials of 1.0 V, 1.2 V, and 1.5 V are studied to elucidate how polymerization potential contributes to actuation, as well the involvement of the EQCM. In this work, it is revealed that there is a shift from anion-dominated to mixed to cation-dominated activity with increased synthesis potential. Scanning electron microscopy shows a decrease in porosity for the PEDOT structure with increasing synthesis potential. EQCM analysis of processes taking place at various potentials allows the determination of appropriate potential windows for increased control over devices.

Nguyen, Hoang Chinh, et al. "Computational prediction of drug solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide: Thermodynamic and artificial intelligence modeling." Journal of Molecular Liquids 354 (2022): 118888.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118888

Abstract:

In this study, machine learning (ML) computations were carried out for description of drug solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide. Supercritical solvent has been used in this work due to its superior properties and high solvation capacity for drug dissolution. The model has been developed and tested for salsalate as well as decitabine drugs, and their solubility at various pressures and temperatures were predicted using the developed machine learning model. The models were developed by taking into account the pressure between 120 and 400 bar, and temperature between 308 and 338 K for understanding the influence of pressure and temperature on salsalate and decitabine drug dissolution in the solvent. Moreover, the model’s accuracy was compared with some empirical correlations from previous studies. It was indicated that the ML model had better accuracy compared to the semi-empirical correlations. The pressure was indicated to have considerable influence on the solubility variations for both drugs. The best thermodynamic model showed the least average absolute relative deviation percent of around 8 % for the whole data points for salsalate. For development of machine learning model, artificial neural network was trained using the measured data. The neural network was developed using one hidden layer, two inputs, and one output. Pressure and temperature were taken as inputs for the network, and the solubility of drug as the predicted output in the neural network. The training and validation of the neural network using salsalate and decitabine solubility indicated great accuracy with coefficient of determination higher than 0.99 for both steps.

Nguyen, M. K., Yang, C. M., Tin-Han, S. H. I. H., Szu-Hsien, L. I. N., Pham, G. T., & Nguyen, H. C. (2021). Chlorophyll biosynthesis and transcriptome profiles of chlorophyll b-deficient type 2b rice (Oryza sativa L.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 49(3), 12380-12380.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha49312380

Abstract:

Photosynthetic and transcriptomic characteristics of a chlorophyll (Chl) b-deficient mutant type 2b rice (ch14) were investigated in this study. The ultrastructure of chloroplast in ch14 demonstrated irregular chloroplast enhancement (loss of starch granules, indistinct membranes, and thinner grana). Ch14 had significantly lower carotenoid, Chl a, Chl b, and total Chl contents, but a higher ratio of Chl a to Chl b than a wide-type rice. 3,594 genes were differentially expressed in ch14, among which 309 transcription factors were related to Chl degradation and biosynthesis, chloroplast formations, and the photosynthesis capacity. PsbR, GSA-AT, PBGD, PPOX, MgMT, and POR genes were down-regulated, reducing Chl content and photosynthetic capacity in the ch14. This study suggests that Chl degradation may be attributed to abnormal chloroplast development and down-regulation of gene expression in the common pathway and Mg branch and the rise in Chl a to Chl b ratio may be involved in the alternative Chl b degradation pathway.

Duy, D. T., Trung, T. Q., Lan, T. H. P., Berg, H., & Thi Da, C. (2022). Assessment of the impacts of social capital on the profit of shrimp farming production in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Aquaculture Economics & Management, 26(2), 152-170.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2021.1947414

Abstract:

This study assesses capital assets and factors influencing on farmers’ decision to participate in social networks, and how these contribute to and affect household’s profits of small-scale shrimp farmers in four coastal provinces in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Data was collected through observations, and informal discussions and interviews with 350 small-scale shrimp farmer households. The results show that farmer’s age, education of household head, dependency ratio, village residence time, village population density are important factors influencing positively on shrimp farmers´ participation in social networks. The study also shows that contacts with fisheries association, traders, wholesale agencies, trust, household savings, labors’ education, household’s agricultural land size, post larvae quality and equipment significantly influenced on the profit variable with 1–10%. The results also indicate that a 10% increase in social capital would bring an increase in household income of 3.9%.

Da, Chau Thi, et al. "Recycled pangasius pond sediments as organic fertilizer for vegetables cultivation: Strategies for sustainable food production." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 25.2 (2023): 369-380.

Abstract:

Intensive Pangasius aquaculture farming contributes to increased income and profits in Vietnam, but is also associated with many environmental problems, including pollution from nutrient-rich water and sediments that are released into the environment. This article investigates the feasibility of using Pangasius pond sediments (PPS) in combination with amendments of rice straw (RS) to fertilize cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk) plant. The results showed that mixing a ratio of 30% PPS with 70% RS produced the highest nutrient concentrations. The study demonstrates that organic fertilizer produced from PPS in combination with chemical fertilizer can replace 2575% of the inorganic fertilizers used as a nutrient source for cucumber and water spinach, and also increase the vegetable production. The highest yields were found for treatment PPS-3 (a combination of 50% chemical fertilizer and 50% organic fertilizer used on cucumber), and for treatment PPSRS-4 (a combination of 25% chemical fertilizer and 75% organic fertilizer used on water spinach) in both the wet and dry season (P˂0.05). The lowest yields were found when growing cucumbers and water spinach either with 100% organic fertilizer (the treatment PPS-5) or with 100% chemical fertilizer (the control treatment PPS-1), respectively (P˂0.05). Overall, the results indicated that the recycling of PPS as organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in combination for vegetable cultivation is more environmentally friendly as compared to using only chemical fertilizers.

Nguyena, Hao Huy, Gobinda Gyawali, and Bhupendra Joshi. "Mn-doped TiO2 via the sol-microwave process: Physicochemical properties and photocatalytic performance." JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH 23.1 (2022): 33-40.

Abstract:

Mn-doped TiO2 nanomaterials were synthesized via the sol-microwave process. The microwave
was used instead of the gel formation step in a conventional sol-gel method to shorten the
reaction time. The physicochemical properties of the samples were evaluated by using respective
modern characterization tools. The Mn-doping on TiO2 nanomaterial significantly improved the
physical and chemical properties of the samples. Similarly, the outcome revealed the
enhancement in photocatalytic performance of the Mn-doped TiO2 . The efficient separation of
photoelectron-hole pairs and increased light adsorption ability in the UV and visible regions are
the major reasons to improve the photocatalytic performance of Mn-doped TiO2 for methylene
blue degradation as compared to the undoped materials.

Nguyen, Thi-Cam-Vi, et al. "Study of antimicrobial properties of Piper betel coated nanozirconium on cotton gauze." Applied Nanoscience (2021): 1-7.

Abstract:

Metal oxide nanoparticles attract huge attention nowadays. In the current study, zirconium nanoparticles were prepared and impregnated on cotton gauze fabrics by the reduction of zirconium oxychloride. The synthesized zirconium nanoparticles (ZrNPs) were analyzed using UV–Vis absorption, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results revealed that the ZrNPs were spherical in shape and crystalline in nature and ranged in size from 10 to 80 nm. Cotton gauze fabrics containing ZrNPs were studied for antimicrobial properties. ZrNPs were uniformly distributed and a high deposition density was observed on the surface of the cotton. Cotton fabrics loaded with the synthesized ZrNPs showed remarkable antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Therefore, the current work may aid to further investigate the zirconium nanoparticles synthesized using Piper betel for their potential applications in wound dressings.

Tran, Chau B., et al. "Polypyrrole with phosphor tungsten acid and carbide-derived carbon: Change of solvent in electropolymerization and linear actuation." Materials 14.21 (2021): 6302.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216302

Abstract:

Linear actuators based on polypyrrole (PPy) are envisaged to have only one ion that triggers the actuation direction, either at oxidation (anion-driven) or at reduction (cation-driven). PPy doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (PPy/DBS) is the most common applied conducting polymer having cation-driven actuation in aqueous solvent and mainly anion-driven actuation in an organic electrolyte. It is somehow desired to have an actuator that is independent of the applied solvent in the same actuation direction. In this research we made PPy/DBS with the addition of phosphorus tungsten acid, forming PPyPT films, as well with included carbide derived carbon (CDC) resulting in PPyCDC films. The solvent in electropolymerization was changed from an aqueous ethylene glycol mixture to pure EG forming PPyPT-EG and PPyCDC-EG composites. Our goal in this study was to investigate the linear actuation properties of PPy composites applying sodium perchlorate in aqueous (NaClO4-aq) and propylene carbonate (NaClO4-PC) electrolytes. Cyclic voltammetry and square potential steps in combination with electro-chemo-mechanical-deformation (ECMD) measurements of PPy composite films were performed. The PPyPT and PPyCDC had mixed ion-actuation in NaClO4-PC while in NaClO4-aq expansion at reduction (cation-driven) was observed. Those novel PPy composites electropolymerized in EG solvent showed independently which solvent applied mainly expansion at reduction (cation-driven actuator). Chronopotentiometric measurements were performed on all composites, revealing excellent specific capacitance up to 190 F g−1 for PPyCDC-EG (best capacitance retention of 90 % after 1000 cycles) and 130 F g−1 for PPyPT-EG in aqueous electrolyte. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).

Tran, Chau B., et al. "Polypyrrole with phosphor tungsten acid and carbide-derived carbon: Change of solvent in electropolymerization and linear actuation." Materials 14.21 (2021): 6302.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.16113

Abstract:

Linear actuators based on polypyrrole (PPy) are envisaged to have only one ion that triggers the actuation direction, either at oxidation (anion-driven) or at reduction (cation-driven). PPy doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (PPy/DBS) is the most common applied conducting polymer having cation-driven actuation in aqueous solvent and mainly anion-driven actuation in an organic electrolyte. It is somehow desired to have an actuator that is independent of the applied solvent in the same actuation direction. In this research we made PPy/DBS with the addition of phosphorus tungsten acid, forming PPyPT films, as well with included carbide derived carbon (CDC) resulting in PPyCDC films. The solvent in electropolymerization was changed from an aqueous ethylene glycol mixture to pure EG forming PPyPT-EG and PPyCDC-EG composites. Our goal in this study was to investigate the linear actuation properties of PPy composites applying sodium perchlorate in aqueous (NaClO4-aq) and propylene carbonate (NaClO4-PC) electrolytes. Cyclic voltammetry and square potential steps in combination with electro-chemo-mechanical-deformation (ECMD) measurements of PPy composite films were performed. The PPyPT and PPyCDC had mixed ion-actuation in NaClO4-PC while in NaClO4-aq expansion at reduction (cation-driven) was observed. Those novel PPy composites electropolymerized in EG solvent showed independently which solvent applied mainly expansion at reduction (cation-driven actuator). Chronopotentiometric measurements were performed on all composites, revealing excellent specific capacitance up to 190 F g−1 for PPyCDC-EG (best capacitance retention of 90 % after 1000 cycles) and 130 F g−1 for PPyPT-EG in aqueous electrolyte. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).

Nga, Nguyen Thi Anh, et al. "Green fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Chloroxylon swietenia leaves and their application towards dye degradation and food borne pathogens." Food and Chemical Toxicology 165 (2022): 113192.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2022.113192

Abstract:

Green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are becoming an important candidate for bioremediation and biomedical applications. But in recent trends, more focus is given towards degradation of dyes and application against food pathogens. The synthesis of efficient AgNPs depends on the selection of potential biological material for synthesis. Therefore, in the present study, AgNPs were synthesized using Chloroxylon swietenia. The synthesis AgNPs was confirmed by the formation of dark brown precipitate. Further physicochemical characterization performed using XRD, FTIR, SEM and DLS showed the formation of crystalline structure, presence of functional group from the C. swietenia, dispersed spherical and rod-shaped nanoparticles (6.9 nm) and possess good stability due to the negative partial charges. The dye degrading efficacy of Chloroxylon swietenia mediated synthesized AgNPs (C-AgNPs) was >95%, 90% and >90% tested against Congo red (CR), Coomassie blue (CB) and crystal violet (CV) dye, respectively withing 24 h of treatment under optimum conditions. The antibacterial activity of C-AgNPs (10 mg/mL) was analysed against Staphylococcus nepalensis (3.03 ± 0.35 cm), Staphylococcus gallinarum (2.96 ± 0.15 cm), Bacillus subtilis (2.86 ± 0.23 cm), Enterococcous faecalis (2.8 ± 0.30 cm) and Pseudomonas stuteria (2.06 ± 0.25 cm) using Disc diffusion method, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal activity (MBC). Therefore, the present study is the first and foremost report on C-AgNPs application as dye degrading and antibacterial agents against food dyes and pathogens. This will provide a major strategy to unveil the complications in food and packaging industries worldwide.

Tran, Thien Khanh, et al. "Electrochemical preparation and characterization of polyaniline enhanced electrodes: An application for the removal of cadmium metals in industrial wastewater." Materials Chemistry and Physics 261 (2021): 124221.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124221

Abstract:

In recent years, the shortage of water resources has become a serious threat to human and living creatures. Water shortages were caused by climate change, such as altered weather patterns, including droughts or floods, increased pollution, and increased human demand and overuse of water. Without the proper source of water, people encounter a lot of problems in health, hunger, education, and poverty. In this work, an electrochemical system was applied to cut the heavy metals in semiconductor processing wastewater and also was able to generate a notable volume of recovered water. Consequently, a batch system to treat each 10 L of heavily affected Cadmium ions effluent and recover 70% of those input solutions as a clean water resource was introduced. The systems are prepared with a pair of Polyaniline coated (PAC) electrodes together work under low voltage input, and yet still maintain a high removal efficiency of Cadmium at the maximum rate of 92% and produce reclaimed water over time with 5.5–6.5 L every 60 min. Parameters such as treatment temperature, initial concentration of Cadmium and other pollutants, electrolysis time, and the current efficiency of the system play a significant role during the process. The results obtained from electrode material analysis confirm the successfully preparing of the Polyaniline coated electrode and also describes its behavior under different working conditions. On the other hand, the efficiency of the treatment process is also carefully evaluated by examining the output effluent properties using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) measurement, turbidity measurement, and total solid suspended (TSS) measurement.

Thi, Thai Thanh Hoang, et al. "Lipid-based nanoparticles in the clinic and clinical trials: from cancer nanomedicine to COVID-19 vaccines." Vaccines 9.4 (2021): 359.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9040359

Abstract:

COVID-19 vaccines have been developed with unprecedented speed which would not have been possible without decades of fundamental research on delivery nanotechnology. Lipid-based nanoparticles have played a pivotal role in the successes of COVID-19 vaccines and many other nanomedicines, such as Doxil® and Onpattro®, and have therefore been considered as the frontrunner in nanoscale drug delivery systems. In this review, we aim to highlight the progress in the development of these lipid nanoparticles for various applications, ranging from cancer nanomedicines to COVID-19 vaccines. The lipid-based nanoparticles discussed in this review are liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers. We particularly focus on the innovations that have obtained regulatory approval or that are in clinical trials. We also discuss the physicochemical properties required for specific applications, highlight the differences in requirements for the delivery of different cargos, and introduce current challenges that need further development. This review serves as a useful guideline for designing new lipid nanoparticles for both preventative and therapeutic vaccines including immunotherapies.

Le, Quoc Bao, et al. "Role of Polyoxometalate Contents in Polypyrrole: Linear Actuation and Energy Storage." Materials 15.10 (2022): 3619.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103619

Abstract:

A combination of polyoxometalates with polypyrrole is introduced in this work. Our goal was to include phosphotungstic acid (PTA) in different molar concentrations (0.005, 0.01, and 0.05 M) in the electropolymerization of pyrrole doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS) and phosphotungstinates (PT), forming PPy/DBS-PT films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the PPy/DBS-PT films became denser and more compact with increasing PTA concentrations. The incorporation of PT in PPy/DBS was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The linear actuation in cyclic voltammetry and potential square wave steps in an organic electrolyte revealed increasing mixed actuation, with major expansion upon oxidation found for PPy/DBS-PT films with a PTA concentration of 0.005 M. Best results of a strain of 12.8% and stress at 0.68 MPa were obtained for PPy/DBS-PT (0.01 M). The PPy/DBS-PT films polymerized in the presence of 0.05 M of PTA and showed main expansion upon reduction, changing the actuation direction. Chronopotentiometric measurements of PPy/DBS-PT samples were conducted to determine the specific capacitance optimal for a 0.01 M PTA concentration in the range of 80 F g−1 (±0.22 A g−1). 

Nguyen, Ngoc Tuan, et al. "Gut mucosal microbiome is perturbed in rheumatoid arthritis mice and partly restored after TDAG8 deficiency or suppression by Salicylanilide derivative." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23.7 (2022): 3527.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073527

Abstract:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease, is characterized by chronic joint inflammation and pain. We previously found that the deletion of T-cell death-associated gene 8 (TDAG8) significantly reduces disease severity and pain in RA mice. Whether it is by modulating gut microbiota remains unclear. In this study, 64 intestinal samples of feces, cecal content, and cecal mucus from the complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis mouse models were compared. The α- and β-diversity indices of the microbiome were significantly lower in RA mice. Cecal mucus showed a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in RA than healthy mice, suggesting the ratio could serve as an RA indicator. Four core genera, Eubacterium_Ventriosum, Alloprevotella, Rikenella, and Treponema, were reduced in content in both feces and mucus RA samples, and could serve microbial markers representing RA progression. TDAG8 deficiency decreased the abundance of proinflammation-related Eubacterium_Xylanophilum, Clostridia, Ruminococcus, Paraprevotella, and Rikenellaceae, which reduced local mucosal inflammation to relieve RA disease severity and pain. The pharmacological block of the TDAG8 function by a salicylanilide derivative partly restored the RA microbiome to a healthy composition. These findings provide a further understanding of specific bacteria interactions with host gut mucus in the RA model. The modulation by TDAG8 on particular bacteria can facilitate microbiota-based therapy.

Phan, VH Giang, et al. "Injectable hydrogel based on protein-polyester microporous network as an implantable niche for active cell recruitment." Pharmaceutics 14.4 (2022): 709.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040709

Abstract:

Despite the potential of hydrogel-based localized cancer therapies, their efficacy can be limited by cancer recurrence. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a hydrogel system that can provoke robust and durable immune response in the human body. This study has developed an injectable protein-polymer-based porous hydrogel network composed of lysozyme and poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide (PCLA) (Lys-PCLA) bioconjugate for the active recruitment dendritic cells (DCs). The Lys-PCLA bioconjugates are prepared using thiol-ene reaction between thiolated lysozyme (Lys-SH) and acrylated PCLA (PCLA-Ac). The free-flowing Lys-PCLA bioconjugate sols at low temperature transformed to immovable gel at the physiological condition and exhibited stability upon dilution with buffers. According to the in vitro toxicity test, the Lys-PCLA bioconjugate and PCLA copolymer were non-toxic to RAW 263.7 cells at higher concentrations (1000 µg/mL). In addition, subcutaneous administration of Lys-PCLA bioconjugate sols formed stable hydrogel depot instantly, which suggested the in situ gel forming ability of the bioconjugate. Moreover, the Lys-PCLA bioconjugate hydrogel depot formed at the interface between subcutaneous tissue and dermis layers allowed the active migration and recruitment of DCs. As suggested by these results, the in-situ forming injectable Lys-PCLA bioconjugate hydrogel depot may serve as an implantable immune niche for the recruitment and modification of DCs.

Nguyen, Thanh Mai, and Senaratne L. Ranamukhaarachchi. "Yield evaluation of king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) on wheat straw mix substrates." Research on Crops 22.1 (2021): 224-230.

DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2021.061

Abstract:

King oyster mushroom with aroma has a commercial value in many countries worldwide. Due to increasing demands, researchers pay special attention to utilize suitable raw materials as media for growing this mushroom. This study, as a continuation of several studies, was conducted to identify further inputs for raising productivity of P. eryngii. The raw materials used were local recyclable residues including cardboard (C), spent coffee ground (SCG) and wheat straw (S) as substrates. The main culture was prepared using potato dextrose (PDA) and the spawns were propagated using rye grains. Four substrate formulations (F) were composed for the formation of basidiocarp: viz., F1 (100% S); F2 (50% S + 50% C); F3 (70% S + 30% C), and F4 (50% S + 50% SCG). Duration for spawn run and pinhead formation was recorded. The mean values of the shortest period for running spawn and pinhead initiation were in the substrate formulation F2 (33 and 47 days, respectively), while the longest period was in the substrate F4 with 62 and 78 days, respectively. The mushroom was harvested at the earliest in 60 days in F2, while it took 67 days in the substrate formulation F3 and 71 days in F1. The highest yield per 500g of the substrate (with 65% moisture) was 131 g in F2 (50% S + 50% C) while no oyster mushroom yield was not produced in the substrate F4 with 50% S+50% SCG. The results showed that 50% wheat straw + 50% cardboard mixture was by far superior to the other formulations tested. Spent coffee ground failed to support the growth and yield of king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii).

Nguyen, Quoc Hai, et al. "Carbon-free Cu/SbxOy/Sb nanocomposites with yolk-shell and hollow structures as high-performance anodes for lithium-ion storage." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 878 (2021): 160447.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.160447

Abstract:

We report a simple approach for synthesizing Cu/SbxOy/Sb nanocomposite materials possessing yolk-shell structures for use as novel anode materials for Li-ion batteries. The nanocomposites were synthesized by a galvanic replacement reaction between Cu2+ ions and Sb in triethylene glycol solvent at a desired temperature. The properties including morphology, composition, and structure of the as-prepared nanocomposites were investigated using advanced characterization techniques, from which yolk-shell structures with a uniform size and morphology were observed, whereas some unconsumed Sb on the outside of the yolk was covered by the shell. The Cu/SbxOy/Sb nanocomposites presented high specific capacity, good cycling stability, and rate performance, resulting in a synergistic effect between the unique nanostructures of the composites and the inactive Cu material, which promotes stabilization of the electrode structure and enhances the kinetics of the electrochemical reaction. Specifically, the Cu/SbxOy/Sb-0.5h yolk–shell electrode delivered a reversible capacity of 563 mAh gsingle bond1 at the 150th cycle at 100 mA gsingle bond1, with a notable rate capability. Therefore, the as-prepared nanocomposites are considered promising candidates as anode materials for Li-ion cells.

Perera, Palalle G. Tharushi, et al. "Translocation of silica nanospheres through giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) induced by a high frequency electromagnetic field." RSC advances 11.50 (2021): 31408-31420.

DOI: 10.1039/D1RA05459G

Abstract:

Membrane model systems capable of mimicking live cell membranes were used for the first time in studying the effects arising from electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of 18 GHz where membrane permeability was observed following exposure. A present lack of understanding of the mechanisms that drive such a rapid change in membrane permeabilization as well as any structural or dynamic changes imparted on biomolecules affected by high-frequency electromagnetic irradiation limits the use of 18 GHz EMFs in biomedical applications. A phospholipid, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) labelled with a fluorescent marker 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl) (rhodamine-DOPE) was used in constructing the giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). After three cycles of exposure, enhanced membrane permeability was observed by the internalisation of hydrophilic silica nanospheres of 23.5 nm and their clusters. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) membranes exposed to high frequency electric fields of different field strengths showed that within the simulation timeframe only extremely high strength fields were able to cause an increase in the interfacial water dynamics characterized by water dipole realignments. However, a lower strength, high frequency EMF induced changes of the water hydrogen bond network, which may contribute to the mechanisms that facilitate membrane permeabilization in a longer timeframe.

Kesküla, A., Peikolainen, A. L., Kilmartin, P. A., & Kiefer, R. (2021). Solvent Effect in Imidazole-Based Poly (Ionic liquid) Membranes: Energy Storage and Sensing. Polymers, 13(20), 3466.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13203466

Abstract:

Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are interesting new materials in sustainable technologies for energy storage and for gas sensor devices, and they provide high ion conductivity as solid polymer electrolytes in batteries. We introduce here the effect of polar protic (aqueous) and polar aprotic (propylene carbonate, PC) electrolytes, with the same concentration of lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LiTFSI) on hydrophobic PIL films. Cyclic voltammetry, scanning ionic conductance microscopy and square wave voltammetry were performed, revealing that the PIL films had better electroactivity in the aqueous electrolyte and three times higher ion conductivity was obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Their energy storage capability was investigated with chronopotentiometric measurements, and it revealed 1.6 times higher specific capacitance in the aqueous electrolyte as well as novel sensor properties regarding the applied solvents. The PIL films were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, FTIR and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Kiveste, H., Kiefer, R., Haamer, R. E., Anbarjafari, G., & Tamm, T. (2020). A kirigami approach of patterning membrane actuators. Polymers, 13(1), 125.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13010125

Abstract:

Ionic electroactive polymer actuators are typically implemented as bending trilayer laminates. While showing high displacements, such designs are not straightforward to implement for useful applications. To enable practical uses in actuators with ionic electroactive polymers, membrane-type film designs can be considered. The significantly lower displacement of the membrane actuators due to the lack of freedom of motion has been the main limiting factor for their application, resulting in just a few works considering such devices. However, bioinspired patterning designs have been shown to significantly increase the freedom of motion of such membranes. In this work, we apply computer simulations to design cutting patterns for increasing the performance of membrane actuators based on polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (PPy/DBS) in trilayer arrangements with a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane as the separator. A dedicated custom-designed device was built to consistently measure the response of the membrane actuators, demonstrating significant and pattern-specific enhancements of the response in terms of displacement, exchanged charge and force. 

Kiefer, Rudolf, et al. "Antagonist concepts of polypyrrole actuators: Bending hybrid actuator and mirrored trilayer linear actuator." Polymers 13.6 (2021): 861.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13060861

Abstract:

Following the natural muscle antagonist actuation principle, different adaptations for “artificial muscles” are introduced in this work. Polypyrrole (PPy) films of different polymerization techniques (potentiostatic and galvanostatic) were analyzed and their established responses were combined in several ways, resulting in beneficial actuation modes. A consecutive “one-pot” electrosynthesis of two layers with the different deposition regimes resulted in an all-PPy bending hybrid actuator. While in most cases the mixed-ion activity of conductive polymers has been considered a problem or a drawback, here for the first time, the nearly equal expansions upon oxidation and reduction of carefully selected conditions further allowed to fabricate a “mirrored” trilayer laminate, which behaved as a linear actuator. .

Kiveste, H., Kiefer, R., Haamer, R. E., Anbarjafari, G., & Tamm, T. (2020). A kirigami approach of patterning membrane actuators. Polymers, 13(1), 125.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116653

Abstract:

The feasibility of conducting polymer bending actuators deposited on free-standing conductive silicon cantilevers was studied in this work. The motivation is the micro-system-technique, where mostly silicon bimorph piezoelectric actuators have been applied. Polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) with various formation potentials were studied. The formation potential 1.1 V was found optimal for both materials, while PEDOT outperformed PPy in virtually every aspect. Long-term durability tests of 1000 cycles showed that activity was maintained, with PEDOT holding up better than PPy. The results show that conducting polymers, especially PEDOT, could be viable active materials for Si-based bilayer actuators, with low driving voltages to reach significant displacements.

Nguyen, Quoc Hai, et al. "Fabricating iron-tin-oxide nanocomposite electrodes for sodium-ion batteries." Ceramics International 48.13 (2022): 19109-19115.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.03.201

Abstract:

A novel iron-tin-based nanocomposite (FexSnyOz NCs) anode material has been synthesized via a simple galvanic replacement reaction method for applications in sodium-ion battery. The reactions for preparing FexSnyOz NCs were conducted at a high temperature between Fe3+ ions and Sn in triethylene glycol solvent. X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopic images of the synthesized NCs revealed the existence of Fe3O4 and SnO2 at the nanometer scale (<6 nm). The prepared NCs exhibited impressive capacity, good cycling stability, and excellent rate performance; for instance, FexSnyOz-18h NCs delivered a reversible discharge capacity of 215 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. The outstanding cycling performance is attributed to the presence of nanostructures and inactive phases serving as buffering spaces for the volume variation of the active materials during the alloying and conversion reactions.

Ha, Pham Thi Thu, et al. "Inhibitory in vitro effects of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaf extracts on cholesterol esterase activity and the growth of Escherichia coli." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 45.12 (2021): e16105.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.16105

Abstract:

The present study was to analyze the in vitro antibacterial activity and the effects on cholesterol esterase activity of the methanol extract from basil leaves and its hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous fractions. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were recorded in the methanol extract. Total 92 compounds were determined by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry belong to hydrocarbons, fatty acids, alcohols, esters, and phenols which reportedly have a variety of biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic activities. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of the basil methanol extract and its fractions based on the inhibitory concentrations of Escherichia coli at 50 mg/ml. The best results were obtained with the methanol extract, hexane, and ethyl acetate fractions, which exhibited anti-cholesterol esterase activity.

Ha, Pham Thi Thu, et al. "Effects of ultraviolet light and methyl salicylate on some phenological and agronomic and morphological characteristics of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 31.4 (2022): 907-914.

Abstract:

The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of physical (ultraviolet light) and chemical mutagen (methyl salicylate) on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and how they had positive or negative effect on alpha-amylase activity, phenological plant traits (days to flowering, days to maturity, days of pod fill) and agronomic traits (number of pods per plant; weight of pods per plant; Number of seeds per pod; number of seeds per plant; weight of seeds per plant; plant height; pod harvest index), seed and pod morphological characteristics (seed length; seed width; pod length; pod width). Seeds of common bean were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light for different periods of exposure time (3 and 5 h) and were soaked with two different methyl salicylate (MeSA) concentrations (0.01 and 0.05 mM). The results indicated that the 5 h exposure to UV light plants were indicated to positively affect alpha-amylase activity, phenological and agronomic traits, seed and pod morphological characteristics as compared to control and other treatments while 0.01 mM MeSA significantly negatively impacted them. Traits of plants exposed to UV light for 5 h were significantly improved. This research could provide a valuable source of materials for common bean breeding.

Nguyen, H. C., Nguyen, N. T., Su, C. H., Wang, F. M., Tran, T. N., Liao, Y. T., & Liang, S. H. (2019). Biodiesel production from insects: From organic waste to renewable energy. Current Organic Chemistry, 23(14), 1499-1508.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666190422125120

Abstract:

The conversion of organic wastes into biodiesel has become an attractive solution to address waste surplus problems and energy depletion. Oleaginous insects can degrade various organic wastes to accumulate fat-based biomass, thus serving as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Therefore, the use of insects fed on organic waste for biodiesel production has increasingly attracted considerable investigations. In recent years, different insect species have been studied for their efficiency in converting various organic wastes and for producing biodiesel from their fat. Several methods have been developed for biodiesel production from insects to improve yields and reduce production costs and environmental impacts. This review summarizes the latest findings of the use of insects for converting organic wastes into biodiesel. The production processes and fuel properties of biodiesel produced from insects are also discussed.

Nguyen, Ngoc Tuan, et al. "Isolation and optimization of a glyphosate-degrading Rhodococcus soli G41 for bioremediation." Archives of Microbiology 204.5 (2022): 252.

Abstract:

A widely used herbicide for controlling weeds, glyphosate, is causing environmental pollution. It is necessary to remove it from environment using a cost-effective and eco-friendly method. The aims of this study were to isolate glyphosate-degrading bacteria and to optimize their degradative conditions required for bioremediation. Sixteen bacterial strains were isolated through enrichment and one strain, Rhodococcus soli G41, demonstrated a high removal rate of glyphosate than other strains. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize distinct environmental factors on glyphosate degradation of G41 strain. The optimal conditions for the maximum glyphosate degradation were found to have the NH4Cl concentration of 0.663% and glyphosate concentration of 0.115%, resulting in a maximum degradation of 42.7% after 7 days. Bioremediation analysis showed 47.1% and 40% of glyphosate in unsterile soil and sterile soil was removed by G41 strain after 14 days, respectively. The presence of soxB gene in G41 strain indicates that the glyphosate is degraded via the eco-friendly sarcosine pathway. The results indicated that G41 strain has the potential to serve as an in-situ candidate for bioremediation of glyphosate polluted environments

Nguyen, Ngoc Tuan, et al. "Identification and biodegradation potential of a novel strain of Kosakonia oryzae isolated from a polyoxyethylene tallow amine paddy soil." Current Microbiology 78.8 (2021): 3173-3180.

Abstract:

Polyoxyethylene tallow amine (POEA) is a nonionic surfactant added to insecticide and herbicide formulations. Experimental data have been shown the toxic effects of POEA on aquatic organisms and remain to be a serious concern. In this study, total of thirty-two potential bacteria that were isolated from herbicide-contaminated soil samples showed the ability to use POEA as the sole carbon and energy source. In which, a bacterial strain LA was further investigated based on the efficiency utilization of POEA and classified as Kosakonia oryzae by the 16S rRNA gene. Response surface methodology was successfully applied to understand the interaction of distinct factors on POEA degradation by LA strain. Degradation of POEA was confirmed with UV–Visible spectrophotometric analysis and HPLC analysis. The POEA utilization mechanism was explored by target gene detection and carbon source utilization. The results indicate that strain LA has the potential to serve as an in situ candidate for bioremediation polluted by POEA.

Kiefer, Rudolf, et al. "The importance of potential range choice on the electromechanical response of cellulose-carbon nanotube fibers." Synthetic Metals 283 (2022): 116966.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2021.116966

Abstract:

Recently, an important focus of material research has been aimed at more sustainable smart materials with biodegradable, biocompatible properties such as those based on cellulose (Cell), made stimuli-responsive with the addition of multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT). Formulated as fibers, such materials have potential applications in smart clothing and wearable’s in actuation or sensing function. In order to ensure maximum performance, an optimal driving voltage and regime must be chosen. In addition to the quantitative effects, the actuation response also qualitatively and mechanistically changes, depending on the voltage range. The linear actuation measurements combined with cyclic voltammetry and square wave potential steps were performed in aqueous lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide solution. The Cell-CNT fiber actuation response properties were investigated at different potential ranges: 0.8–0.0 V, 0.8 V to − 0.3 V, 0.8 V to − 0.55 V and 0.65 V to − 0.6 V, observing a change in actuation direction between the ranges. Not just the potential range but also the driving frequency had an impact on the response, therefore, the selection of driving parameters is shown to be critical for controllable performance.

Kiefer, Rudolf, et al. "Tuning the linear actuation of multiwall carbon nanotube fibers with carbide-derived carbon." Synthetic Metals 288 (2022): 117099.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2022.117099

Abstract:

Fibers made from carbon nanotubes (CNT) have received a lot of attention, including for the intended applications in “artificial muscles”. Combination of CNT fibers with high capacitance particles such as carbide-derived carbon (CDC) is the focus of this research. A dielectrophoretic method was used to form novel CNT-CDC fibers with different wt% of CDC from 25% to 75%. The CNT-CDC fibers were compared to pristine CNT fibers in their electromechanical response to different electrochemical driving regimes (cyclic voltammetry, square wave potential steps) in an organic electrolyte. The best performance in strain and stress was achieved by CNT-CDC(50%) with nearly double charge density and 1.5 times higher electronic conductivity in comparison to pristine CNT fibers. The determination of the specific capacitance over chronopotentiometric measurements revealed 175 F g−1 (0.54 A g−1) for CNT-CDC(75%) fibers, while the best stability and charging durability was shown by CNT-CDC(50%). The CNT-CDC fibers demonstrated consistent dual functionality for potential applications in linear actuators, supercapacitors or in multifunctional designs.

Kiefer, Rudolf, et al. "Dual function composite fibers of cellulose with activated carbon aerogel and carbide derived carbon." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 139.23 (2022): 52297.n

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.52297

Abstract:

Polymers of natural origin, especially cellulose, have risen to the focus of smart materials, and also energy storage materials' research as sustainable matrix alternatives. In this work, novel composites of cellulose with activated carbon aerogel (ACA) and carbide-derived carbon (CDC) are demonstrated. The composites were formulated as fibers from regenerated cellulose (Cell). The electromechanical response as linear actuation in stress and strain of the fibers was studied in an organic electrolyte at low applied potentials in range of 0.55 to −0.8 V. Cyclic voltammetry and square wave potential steps were performed revealing for both composite fibers expansion at positive charging. The Cell-ACA fibers showed a stronger response compared with Cell-CDC, largely due to the particle structure, reflected in higher electronic conductivity. The chronopotentiometric measurements showed that Cell-ACA also had the higher specific capacitance of the two of 47.5 F g−1. The dual-function of Cell-ACA and Cell-CDC of electromechanical activity and energy storage capability can have potential in smart clothing applications.

Kiefer, Rudolf, et al. "Artificial muscle like behavior of polypyrrole polyethylene oxide independent of applied potential ranges." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 139.17 (2022): 52039.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.52039

Abstract:

The development of artificial muscles replicating natural muscles is envisaged for the construction of soft devices and robots working at low voltages. Here we present the parallel electrosynthesis, characterization, and isometric and isotonic study of Electro-Chemo-Mechanical-Deformations from polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS−) with addition of 10 wt.% polyethylene oxide (PEO) forming PPy-PEO/DBS films and PPy/DBS films. They were submitted to potential cycling or consecutive potential steps (0.0025 Hz–0.1 Hz) using different potential ranges (0.8 to −0.4 V, 0.65 to −0.6 V and ±1.0 V) in a solution of bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide lithium in propylene carbonate (LiTFSI-PC). The PPy-PEO/DBS linear films showed anion-driven actuation while PPy/DBS revealed mixed ion (cation and anion) actuation. The PPy-PEO/DBS film samples present the higher strain range of 20% (stress over 1 MPa) with 2 times higher strain and stress variations than the PPy/DBS films. The potential range 0.8 to −0.4 V showed best results for PPy-PEO/DBS in long-term cycling stability up to 1000 cycles of 4.2% strain and 0.35 MPa stress, suitable for artificial muscle like applications. Material characterization considered before and after actuation cycles was made with scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and Raman spectroscopy.

Nguyen, Hoang Chinh, et al. "Chemical constituents, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of bee pollen from various floral sources in Taiwan." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 50.2 (2022): 12644-12644.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha50212644

Abstract:

Bee pollen has been traditionally used for health promotion. However, the chemical constituents and pharmaceutical effects of bee pollen strongly depend on their sources. This study determined chemical compositions and evaluated the antioxidant and anticancer activity of six bee pollen samples from Taiwan. The Cs sample contained the highest amounts of carotenoid (417.67 mg/g DW) and anthocyanin (10.96 μmol/g DW) while the Nn sample showed the highest content of chlorophyll (Chl) a (23.39 mg/g DW) and Chl b (39.17 mg/g DW). The highest flavonoid (11.69 mg QE/g DW) and phenolic content (42.91 mg GAE/g DW) were found in Bp and Pm samples, respectively. The highest Fe2+-chelating ability was observed in Bp (IC50 value of 6.28 mg/mL), while Bn exhibited the most effective in scavenging DPPH radical with IC50 value of 3.96 mg/mL. The Bp sample also showed the highest activity against three breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 (cell viability of 43.5%), BT-20 (cell viability of 0%), and Hs 578T (cell viability of 0%). This study suggested that the level of bioactive compounds and biological activity of bee pollen significantly differ among their sources and the Bp is a potent antioxidant and anticancer agent for medicinal use.

Parsaei, M., Roudbari, E., Piri, F., El-Shafay, A. S., Su, C. H., Nguyen, H. C., ... & Algarni, M. (2022). Neural-based modeling adsorption capacity of metal organic framework materials with application in wastewater treatment. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 4125.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08171-7

Abstract:

We developed a computational-based model for simulating adsorption capacity of a novel layered double hydroxide (LDH) and metal organic framework (MOF) nanocomposite in separation of ions including Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions. The simulated adsorbent was a composite of UiO-66-(Zr)-(COOH)2 MOF grown onto the surface of functionalized Ni50-Co50-LDH sheets. This novel adsorbent showed high surface area for adsorption capacity, and was chosen to develop the model for study of ions removal using this adsorbent. A number of measured data was collected and used in the simulations via the artificial intelligence technique. Artificial neural network (ANN) technique was used for simulation of the data in which ion type and initial concentration of the ions in the feed was selected as the input variables to the neural network. The neural network was trained using the input data for simulation of the adsorption capacity. Two hidden layers with activation functions in form of linear and non-linear were designed for the construction of artificial neural network. The model’s training and validation revealed high accuracy with statistical parameters of R2 equal to 0.99 for the fitting data. The trained ANN modeling showed that increasing the initial content of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions led to a significant increment in the adsorption capacity (Qe) and Cd(II) had higher adsorption due to its strong interaction with the adsorbent surface. The neural model indicated superior predictive capability in simulation of the obtained data for removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from an aqueous solution.

Zhu, L., Opulencia, M. J. C., Bokov, D. O., Krasnyuk, I. I., Su, C. H., Nguyen, H. C., ... & Algarni, M. (2022). Synthesis of Ag-coated on a wrinkled SiO2@ TiO2 architectural photocatalyst: New method of wrinkled shell for use of semiconductors in the visible light range and penicillin antibiotic degradation. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61(12), 9315-9334.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2022.03.009

Abstract:

In this study, a facile, environmentally friendly, room-temperature synthesis of Ag-coated on microporous TiO2-based catalysts and their application as a photocatalyst to degradation of penicillin as an antibiotic from pharmaceutical wastewater was investigated. The sol-gel method was used for the preparation of SiO2 and SiO2@TiO2. Then, the SiO2@TiO2 was wrinkled using hydrothermal treatment. Finally, Ag as plasmonic material was doped on wrinkled photocatalyst via wet chemistry approach. The synthesised photocatalysts were characterized using different analyses such as XRD, FTIR, RAMAN, FESEM, TEM, XPS. The results showed that the Ag was successfully coated on the wrinkled TiO2 layer. The performance of the synthesised photocatalyst was studied in terms of penicillin antibiotic removal from pharmaceutical wastewater in the range of visible light. The band gap energy (Eg) of SiO2 and after addition of TiO2 and Ag was obtained 4.5 and 2.8–3.2 eV. Specific surface of SiO2 and SiO2@WS-TiO2 was found 293 and 329 m2/g respectively. The results indicated that wrinkling and coating Ag can enhance the SiO2@TiO2 photocatalyst activity for degradation of penicillin. Furthermore, the operating parameter of degradation of penicillin such pH, contact time, initial penicillin concentration, temperature, and the amount of synthesized photocatalyst was optimized. Finally, it was found that Langmuir isotherm model is well fitted with experimental data to predict kinetic of penicillin degradation.

Tianhao, Z., Majdi, H. S., Bokov, D. O., Abdelbasset, W. K., Thangavelu, L., Su, C. H., ... & Ghazali, S. (2022). Prediction of busulfan solubility in supercritical CO2 using tree-based and neural network-based methods. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 351, 118630.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118630

Abstract:

Drug solubility is a critical parameter in the pharmaceutical industry for developing efficient processes for production of nanomedicine at industrial scale. Several attempts have been made in recent years to investigate and obtain this parameter using various data mining methods, including neural networks. In this study, to reduce the error rate in predicting solubility, three methods including Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), decision tree, and random forest have been applied to 32 rows of experimental data collected from literature for solubility of a model drug in supercritical CO2. Afterwards, the results of these models are examined and compared with measured data to calibrate and validate the developed models. Finally, the mean squared error improved to 1.77 e −5 in Random Forest Model. MLP and decision tree models mean squared errors are equal to 6.72 e −5 and 3.28 e −5, respectively which is a good result, especially when we can guarantee that the model did not have more problems in predicting the drug solubility and can be used as reliable methods in the pharmaceutical area.

Zeng, K., Hachem, K., Kuznetsova, M., Chupradit, S., Su, C. H., Nguyen, H. C., & El-Shafay, A. S. (2022). Molecular dynamic simulation and artificial intelligence of lead ions removal from aqueous solution using magnetic-ash-graphene oxide nanocomposite. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 347, 118290.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118290

Abstract:

In this work, the heavy metal ions (lead, Pb) adsorption process were studied using an artificial intelligence simulation based model for prediction of the adsorption process by using magnetic ash/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite. Also, the adsorption mechanism of Pb ions on the adsorbent were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) calculations in aqueous solution. Reactivity of structures, ionization energy (I), electron affinity (A), chemical hardness (η), chemical softness (σ), and energy gap (ΔEgap) of all compounds were obtained from the HOMO–LUMO energy levels. The outcomes demonstrated that the adsorption of Pb ions on the adsorbent occurred through electrostatic interactions and van der waals bonding and the lead-water-GO configuration had the highest adsorption affinity according the ΔEgap calculations. The artificial neural network (ANN) with two hidden layers was used for developing the model with a mixture of linear and non-linear transfer functions. The equilibrium (Eq.) concentration of the Pb ion as an important factor in predicting the adsorption capacity of adsorbent was considered for the model output and initial Pb ion concentration as well as solution temperature were assumed as the model inputs. The training and validation procedure of ANN indicated great agreement between the experimental and predicted data according to the high coefficient of determination and low root mean square error (R2 > 0.999, RMSE = 0.086). Based on the simulation results increasing the initial concentration of Pb ion significantly affect the Eq. concentration while the solution temperature had a lower effect on Eq. concentration. The results of this study provide valuable model for pollutants removal. MD calculations and artificial intelligence simulation methods could be an appropriate combined technique for predicting the adsorption behavior of nanocomposite in heavy metal ions removal from the aqueous solution with high accuracy.

Nguyen, Hoang Chinh, et al. "Bio-derived catalysts: a current trend of catalysts used in biodiesel production." Catalysts 11.7 (2021): 812.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11070812

Abstract:

Biodiesel is a promising alternative to fossil fuels and mainly produced from oils/fat through the (trans)esterification process. To enhance the reaction efficiency and simplify the production process, various catalysts have been introduced for biodiesel synthesis. Recently, the use of bio-derived catalysts has attracted more interest due to their high catalytic activity and ecofriendly properties. These catalysts include alkali catalysts, acid catalysts, and enzymes (biocatalysts), which are (bio)synthesized from various natural sources. This review summarizes the latest findings on these bio-derived catalysts, as well as their source and catalytic activity. The advantages and disadvantages of these catalysts are also discussed. These bio-based catalysts show a promising future and can be further used as a renewable catalyst for sustainable biodiesel production.

Yin, G., Alazzawi, F. J. I., Bokov, D., Marhoon, H. A., El-Shafay, A. S., Rahman, M. L., ... & Nguyen, H. C. (2022). Multiple machine learning models for prediction of CO2 solubility in potassium and sodium based amino acid salt solutions. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15(3), 103608.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103608

Abstract:

In this work, we developed artificial intelligence-based models for prediction and correlation of CO2 solubility in amino acid solutions for the purpose of CO2 capture. The models were used to correlate the process parameters to the CO2 loading in the solvent. Indeed, CO2 loading/solubility in the solvent was considered as the sole model’s output. The studied solvent in this work were potassium and sodium-based amino acid salt solutions. For the predictions, we tried three potential models, including Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), Decision Tree (DT), and AdaBoost-DT. In order to discover the ideal hyperparameters for each model, we ran the method multiple times to find out the best model. R2 scores for all three models exceeded 0.9 after optimization confirming the great prediction capabilities for all models. AdaBoost-DT indicated the highest R2 Score of 0.998. With an R2 of 0.98, Decision Tree was the second most accurate one, followed by MLP with an R2 of 0.9.

Bu, W., Sabetvand, R., Hekmatifar, M., Alizadeh, S. M., Arefpour, A., Toghraie, D., ... & Khan, A. (2021). The computational study of moisture effect on mechanical behavior of baghdadite matrix via molecular dynamics approach. journal of materials research and technology, 15, 2828-2836.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.09.108

Abstract:

The Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation is an appropriate method for the mechanical behavior description of atomic structures. In current computational work, we use this approach to describe the effect of the H2O molecule on the mechanical behavior of the Baghdadite matrix. For this purpose, some physical parameters such as temperature, total energy, ultimate strength, Young's modulus, and interaction energy were reported after t = 10 ns. The MD results show that the H2O molecules affect the atomic behavior of the pristine matrix (baghdadite matrix), and the mechanical properties of the structure were weakened in the presence of the aqueous environment. Numerically, the ultimate strength and Young's modulus of baghdadite matrix with/without H2O molecules converge to 110.56 MPa/137.96 MPa and 121.24 MPa/157.43 MPa, respectively. These calculated parameters show that the environment moisture importance in the mechanical behavior of baghdadite-based structures, which should be supposed to apply this atomic matrix such as bone treatment aims in clinical purposes.

Yin, G., Alazzawi, F. J. I., Mironov, S., Reegu, F., El-Shafay, A. S., Rahman, M. L., ... & Nguyen, H. C. (2022). Machine learning method for simulation of adsorption separation: comparisons of model’s performance in predicting equilibrium concentrations. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15(3), 103612.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103612

Abstract:

In this work, we implemented different models for predicting adsorption separation of a dye from aqueous solution using porous materials. The equilibrium data of solute concentrations were collected from resources and used in the models for training and verification purposes to develop the models. For prediction of the equilibrium solute concentrations (Ce), we used tree models: Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), Passive aggressive regression, and Decision Tree (DT) Regressor. In the modeling, we considered the adsorbent dosage as well as solution pH as the input parameters to the model, and the model was able to generate the output values, i.e., equilibrium concentrations based on the input variables. The evaluation of the models’ performances revelated that the final R2 scores are 0.99, 0.98, 0.93 for DT, MLP and Passive-Aggressive, respectively and a very low RMSE of 0.055 for decision tree that shows this model is the best among models used in this study. Indeed, decision tree model is recommended among the other three models to be employed for correlation of adsorption equilibrium data.

Sun, N., Ansari, M. J., Lup, A. N. K., Javan, M., Soltani, A., Khandoozi, S. R., ... & Nguyen, H. C. (2022). Improved anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of celecoxib using zinc oxide and magnesium oxide nanoclusters: A molecular docking and density functional theory simulation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103568

Abstract:

Abstract Present study offers great prospects for the adsorption of anti-inflammatory celecoxib
molecule (CXB) over the surface of zinc oxide (Zn12O12) and magnesium oxide (Mg12O12) nanoclusters in several environments by performing robust theoretical calculations. Density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and molecular docking calculations
have been extensively carried out to predict the foremost optimum site of CXB adsorption. It has
been observed that the CXB molecule prefers to be adsorbed by its SO2 site on the Zn-O and Mg-O bonds of the Zn12O12 and Mg12O12 nanoclusters instead of NH2 and NH sites, where electrostatic
interactions dominate over the bonding characteristics of the conjugate complexes. Furthermore,
the presence of interactions between the CXB molecule and nanoclusters has also been evidenced
by the UV–Vis absorption spectra and IR spectra. Molecular docking analysis has revealed that
both adsorption states including CXB/Zn12O12 and CXB/Mg12O12 have good inhibitory potential
against protein tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) and Interleukin-1 (IL-1), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Hence they might be explored as efficient TNF-a, IL-1, and HER2 inhibitors. Hence from the study, it can be anticipated that these nanoclusters can behave as an appropriate biomedical carrier for the CXB drug delivery.

Mei, B., Barnoon, P., Toghraie, D., Su, C. H., Nguyen, H. C., & Khan, A. (2022). Energy, exergy, environmental and economic analyzes (4E) and multi-objective optimization of a PEM fuel cell equipped with coolant channels. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 157, 112021.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.112021

Abstract:

In the current research, the energy, exergy, environmental and economic (4E) analyzes of a PEM fuel cell are investigated. Parameters related to exergy are studied by considering the environmental effects and operating conditions of the PEM fuel cell. Multi-objective optimization is applied to maximize output power and efficiency and minimize environmental impacts and cost. The fuel cell is simulated with coolant channels and the effects of using porous metal foam inside the gas channels and coolant channels are investigated on the distribution of hydrogen and liquid water. The effect of using a hybrid nanofluid as a high potential liquid to keep the fuel cell cool is investigated. Optimal output power and optimal cost are provided according to the number of different cells. Optimal efficiencies (energy and exergy) and optimal environmental characteristics are likewise presented in a wide range of current densities. The results show that the simultaneous use of nanofluid and porous metal foam for cooling the fuel cell may not be appropriate. Furthermore, the effect of using metal foam is recommended for better cooling (increased heat transfer) of the fuel cell. Likewise, the use of porous metal foam inside the anode channel affects the distribution of hydrogen and liquid water. The effect of using porous foam in Re = 300 and above is significant so that in Re = 300, a 48% increase in heat transfer compared to the channel without porous foam can be seen. Besides, the percentage of reduction of nanofluid heat transfer in the presence of porous foam (in Re = 500) compared to pure water is 7.5%.

Du, X., Dehghani, M., Alsaadi, N., Nejad, M. G., Saber-Samandari, S., Toghraie, D., ... & Nguyen, H. C. (2022). A femoral shape porous scaffold bio-nanocomposite fabricated using 3D printing and freeze-drying technique for orthopedic application. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 275, 125302.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.125302

Abstract:

The novel bio-nanocomposite scaffold provides a temporary environment for bone growth, and facilitates cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation. In the present study, a 3D printing method is used for fabricating bone scaffolds with wollastonite-hydroxyapatite (WS-HA) composed and chitosan polymer with the polycaprolactone (PCL). Wollastonite (WS) is used as a based ceramic material for chemical stabilizers, which accelerates the healing process, but this material's mechanical strength shows weak mechanical performance. After fabrication of the specimens using solid work and 3D machine, mechanical strength and biological behavior were investigated. Then, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to analyze the morphology and phase structure of the architecture. After analyzing the SEM images, the porosity of the scaffolds using Images-J is measured, which indicates that it is similar within the normal bones. The simulated body fluid (SBF) is used for biological tests, and the swelling and absorption tests are performed on the scaffolds which show the hydrophilicity of the components due to their high adsorption power. The atomic structure of the three-component bio-nanocomposite WS-HA is simulated by ABAQUS software and their mechanical and physical properties are extracted. Then, a relationship was proposed to predict the mechanical properties of the WS-HA bio-nanocomposite. Also, a multi-objective problem, with no information related to the desirability of the objectives, is developed and optimized by the Global Criterion Method. Finally, it is concluded that the most suitable scaffold for orthopedic application is a sample with the highest amount of HA with 4.9 MPa compressive strength coated with chitosan.

Nguyen, Thi Cam Vi, et al. "Optimization of Phenolics Extraction from Strobilanthes cusia Leaves and their Antioxidant Activity." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 56.3 (2022): 374-380.

Abstract:

Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze is commonly used as a traditional medicine with widespread health benefits. This work proposed S. cusia leaves as a potential source of phenolic compounds for extraction and examined the antioxidant capacity of the phenolic-rich extract. Several solvents (ethanol, methanol, and water) were screened as extractants. Among these, methanol showed the highest extraction efficiency. Single-factor experiments and response surface methodology were then applied to optimize the extraction conditions. The maximum total phenolic content of 64.86 ± 0.32 mg GAE/g was obtained under the following extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.27 h; methanol-to-material ratio, 9.55 mL/g; aqueous methanol concentration, 63.54%. The phenolic-rich extract showed potential antioxidant capacity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical at an IC50 value of 464.59 μg/mL. This study shows that S. cusia leaves are rich in phenolic constituents and suggests S. cusia leaf extracts as promising antioxidant agents for future applications.

Synthesis, In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation for Acetylcholinesterase and BACE-1 Inhibitory Activity of Some N-Substituted-4-Phenothiazine-Chalcones

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173916

Abstract:

Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze is commonly used as a traditional medicine with widespread health benefits. This work proposed S. cusia leaves as a potential source of phenolic compounds for extraction and examined the antioxidant capacity of the phenolic-rich extract. Several solvents (ethanol, methanol, and water) were screened as extractants. Among these, methanol showed the highest extraction efficiency. Single-factor experiments and response surface methodology were then applied to optimize the extraction conditions. The maximum total phenolic content of 64.86 ± 0.32 mg GAE/g was obtained under the following extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.27 h; methanol-to-material ratio, 9.55 mL/g; aqueous methanol concentration, 63.54%. The phenolic-rich extract showed potential antioxidant capacity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical at an IC50 value of 464.59 μg/mL. This study shows that S. cusia leaves are rich in phenolic constituents and suggests S. cusia leaf extracts as promising antioxidant agents for future applications.

Jung, J. M., Kim, S. H., Phan, V. G., Thambi, T., & Lee, D. S. (2021). Therapeutic effects of boronate ester cross-linked injectable hydrogels for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomaterials Science, 9(21), 7275-7286.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D1BM00881A

Abstract:

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common malignancy with a high incidence rate and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Herein, we developed a thermo-responsive hydrogel comprising poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide (PCLA) that exhibits acidity-accelerated delivery of the tumor-targeting glucuronic acid-bearing doxorubicin (DOX-pH-GA) conjugate into tumor tissues. The PCLA copolymer was post-modified with boronic acid (BA-PCLA) to covalently cross-link with the pH-responsive DOX-pH-GA conjugate. The BA-PCLA copolymer effectively coordinated with the DOX-pH-GA conjugate through the boronate ester formation and showed a lower critical gelation temperature. The DOX conjugated via boronate ester exhibited a sustained release in vitro. Subcutaneous administration of PCLA copolymers formed in situ gels in the subcutaneous layers of Sprague-Dawley rats and degraded after 6 weeks. Similarly, BA-PCLA copolymers coordinated with DOX-pH-GA formed a stable in situ gel in vivo. In vivo imaging studies demonstrated that DOX-pH-GA was released in a sustained manner. The anti-tumor activity of the DOX releasing injectable hydrogel was examined using a HepG2 liver cancer xenograft model. The in vivo antitumor effect demonstrated that the DOX releasing hydrogel depot remarkably suppresses the tumor growth. These results demonstrate that the pH-responsive DOX releasing thermo-responsive hydrogel depot has great potential for application in localized anticancer therapy.

Luu, C. H., Nguyen, G., Le, T. T., Nguyen, T. M. N., Giang Phan, V. H., Murugesan, M., ... & Thambi, T. (2022). Graphene oxide-reinforced alginate hydrogel for controlled release of local anesthetics: Synthesis, characterization, and release studies. Gels, 8(4), 246.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8040246

Abstract:

In pain relief, lidocaine has gained more attention as a local anesthetic. However, there are several side effects that limit the use of local anesthetics. Therefore, it is hypothesized that a hydrogel system with facile design can be used for prolonged release of lidocaine. In this study, we developed a formulation comprises of sodium alginate (SA) and graphene oxide (GO) to prolong the release of lidocaine. The gelation was induced by physically crosslinking the alginate with Ca2+ ions. The formation of blank SA and GO-reinforced SA hydrogels was investigated with different concentration of Ca2+ ions. The controlled release of lidocaine hydrochloride (LH) on both hydrogel systems was studied in PBS solution. The GO-reinforced SA hydrogels exhibited more sustained release than SA hydrogels without GO. In vitro biocompatibility test in L929 fibroblast cells confirmed the non-toxic property of hydrogels. Furthermore, to prove the in-situ gelation and biodegradability of hydrogels the hydrogels were injected on mice model and confirmed the stable gel formation. The hydrogels implanted onto the subcutaneous tissue of hydrogels retained over one week. These results indicate that LH-loaded GO-reinforced SA hydrogel can be a potential biomaterial for controlled release of local anesthetics.

Pham, Minh Tan, Thi Tuong An Tran, and Enkhbat Zayabaatar. "Discovery of inhibitors against mycobacterium branched‐chain amino acid aminotransferases through in silico screening and experimental evaluation." Letters in Applied Microbiology 75.4 (2022): 942-950.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.13763

Abstract:

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases and is caused by Mycobacterium bovis (Mb) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt). Branched‐chain amino acid aminotransferases (BCATs) were reported to be the key enzyme for methionine synthesis in Mycobacterium. Blocking the methionine synthesis in Mycobacterium can inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium. Therefore, in silico screening of inhibitors can be a good way to develop a potential drug for treating TB. A pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP)‐form of Mycobacterium bovis branched‐chain amino acid aminotransferases (MbBCAT), an active form of MbBCAT, was constructed manually for docking approximately 150 000 compounds and the free energy was calculated in Autodock Vina. The 10 compounds which had the highest affinity to MbBCAT were further evaluated for their inhibitory effects against MbBCAT. Within the selected compounds, compound 4 (ZINC12359007) was found to be the best inhibitor against MbBCAT with the inhibitory constant Ki of 0·45 μmol l−1 and IC50 of 2·37 μmol l−1. Our work provides potential candidates to develop effective drugs to prevent TB since the well‐known structural information would be beneficial in the structure‐based modification and design.

Nguyen Hong, Nga, and Chau Da Thi. "Assessment of technical, economic, and allocative efficiencies of shrimp farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam." (2022).

Abstract:

This study applied a stochastic frontier production model to analyze the technical (TE), allocative (AE), and economic (EE) efficiencies of intensive shrimp farming households, and to identify socioeconomic and shrimp farm-specific factors (farm size, labor, feed, seed, chemicals/medicine) that influence the TE, AE, and EE of shrimp production in the Ca Mau, Ben Tre, Bac Lieu, and Tra Vinh provinces of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The AE was calculated based on TE and EE. The stochastic frontier production and cost function model were used to evaluate the EE and TE at the shrimp farming household level. The results showed that the mean TE, AE, and EE of shrimp farming systems were 75%, 68.5%, and 61.4%, respectively. Age, gender, education, experience, cooperatives, and technical training significantly impacted the efficiency of shrimp production. The results suggest that shrimp farmers can improve shrimp productivity and EE by decreasing feed cost (FEE) and medicine/chemical cost (MED) of farm inputs. The study showed that shrimp farmers who participated in training activities, cooperatives, or management boards of aquaculture associations were more technically efficient than other farmers. The findings of this study provide essential information about the TE, AE, and EE of shrimp production, which can help local policy makers and shrimp farmers in the region to make better decisions on how to improve the EE and sustainability of shrimp production in the future. There is a need for recommendations on how to improve policies, technical guidance, and training courses on feed management and feeding practices, water quality, and disease management, to help shrimp farmers in the coastal provinces of the Mekong Delta to improve their shrimp production efficiencies in the future.

Põldsalu, I., Rohtlaid, K., Plesse, C., Vidal, F., Nguyen, N. T., Peikolainen, A. L., ... & Kiefer, R. (2020). Printed PEDOT: PSS Trilayer: Mechanism Evaluation and Application in Energy Storage. Materials, 13(2), 491.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020491

Abstract:

Combining ink-jet printing and one of the most stable electroactive materials, PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)), is envisaged to pave the way for the mass production of soft electroactive materials. Despite its being a well-known electroactive material, widespread application of PEDOT:PSS also requires good understanding of its response. However, agreement on the interpretation of the material’s activities, notably regarding actuation, is not unanimous. Our goal in this work is to study the behavior of trilayers with PEDOT:PSS electrodes printed on either side of a semi-interpenetrated polymer network membrane in propylene carbonate solutions of three different electrolytes, and to compare their electroactive, actuation, and energy storage behavior. The balance of apparent faradaic and non-faradaic processes in each case is discussed. The results show that the primarily cation-dominated response of the trilayers in the three electrolytes is actually remarkably different, with some rather uncommon outcomes. The different balance of the apparent charging mechanisms makes it possible to clearly select one electrolyte for potential actuation and another for energy storage application scenarios. 

Do, Duyen Thi, Thanh Quynh Trang Le, and Nguyen Quoc Khanh Le. "Using deep neural networks and biological subwords to detect protein S-sulfenylation sites." Briefings in Bioinformatics 22.3 (2021): bbaa128.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaa128

Abstract:

Protein S-sulfenylation is one kind of crucial post-translational modifications (PTMs) in which the hydroxyl group covalently binds to the thiol of cysteine. Some recent studies have shown that this modification plays an important role in signaling transduction, transcriptional regulation and apoptosis. To date, the dynamic of sulfenic acids in proteins remains unclear because of its fleeting nature. Identifying S-sulfenylation sites, therefore, could be the key to decipher its mysterious structures and functions, which are important in cell biology and diseases. However, due to the lack of effective methods, scientists in this field tend to be limited in merely a handful of some wet lab techniques that are time-consuming and not cost-effective. Thus, this motivated us to develop an in silico model for detecting S-sulfenylation sites only from protein sequence information. In this study, protein sequences served as natural language sentences comprising biological subwords. The deep neural network was consequentially employed to perform classification. The performance statistics within the independent dataset including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient and area under the curve rates achieved 85.71%, 69.47%, 77.09%, 0.5554 and 0.833, respectively. Our results suggested that the proposed method (fastSulf-DNN) achieved excellent performance in predicting S-sulfenylation sites compared to other well-known tools on a benchmark dataset.

Nguyen, Hoang Chinh, Kuan-Chieh Huang, and Chia-Hung Su. "Green process for the preparation of phytosterol esters: Microwave-mediated noncatalytic synthesis." Chemical Engineering Journal 382 (2020): 122796.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122796

Abstract:

Phytosterol esters are compounds with health benefits and widespread industrial applications. In this work, the noncatalytic esterification of phytosterols and oleic acid was efficiently conducted using microwave irradiation for producing phytosterol esters. The influences of the reaction parameters on the phytosterol conversion were examined. The reaction conversion increased with increasing oleic acid:phytosterols molar ratio, microwave power, temperature, and reaction time. The phytosterol conversion of 95.42% was achieved at a temperature of 453 K, microwave power of 200 W, oleic acid:phytosterols molar ratio of 5:1, and reaction time of 50 min. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to identify the molecular structure of the synthesized phytosterol esters. A second-order kinetic model was successfully developed for describing the esterification reaction. This study suggests that noncatalytic esterification through microwave irradiation is a reliable and eco-friendly approach for the production of high-quality phytosterol esters to prevent the contamination of the catalyst and side products.

Duong, Huu Thuy Trang, et al. "Degradation-regulated architecture of injectable smart hydrogels enhances humoral immune response and potentiates antitumor activity in human lung carcinoma." Biomaterials 230 (2020): 119599.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119599

Abstract:

Cancer vaccines that elicit a robust and durable antitumor response show great promise in cancer immunotherapy. Nevertheless, low immunogenicity and weak immune response limit the application of cancer vaccines. To experience next generation cancer vaccines that elicit robust, durable, and anti-tumor T cell response, herein we design injectable smart hydrogels (ISHs) that self-assemble into a cellular microenvironment-like microporous network using a simple hypodermic needle injection, to localize the immune cells and program host cells. ISHs, composed of levodopa- and poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide)ester-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA-PCLA), are loaded with immunomodulatory factor (OVA expressing plasmid, pOVA)-bearing nano-sized polyplexes and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as dendritic cell (DC) enhancement factor. Subcutaneous administration of ISHs effectively localized immune cells, and controlled the delivery of immunomodulatory factors to recruit immune cells. The microporous network allowed the recruitment of a substantial number of DCs, which was 6-fold higher than conventional PCLA counterpart. The locally released nano-sized polyplexes effectively internalized to DCs, resulting in the presentation of tumor-specific OVA epitope, and subsequent activation of CD4+ T cells and generation of OVA-specific serum antibody. By the controlled release of nano-sized polyplexes and GM-CSF through a single subcutaneous injection, the ISHs effectively eliminated B16/OVA melanoma tumors in mice. These ISHs can be administered using a minimal invasive technique that could bypass the need for extracorporeal training of cells ex vivo, and provide sustained release of cancer vaccines for immunomodulation. These important findings suggest that ISHs can serve as powerful biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy.

Kim, S. H., Thambi, T., Phan, V. G., & Lee, D. S. (2020). Modularly engineered alginate bioconjugate hydrogel as biocompatible injectable scaffold for in situ biomineralization. Carbohydrate polymers, 233, 115832.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115832

Abstract:

In the present study, a type of bioconjugate was synthesized by post modification of alginate by conjugating temperature-responsive poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide) and O-phosphorylethanolamine as phosphorylation functional groups. Freely flowing bioconjugate sols at low temperature can transform to stable viscoelastic gels at the physiological temperature (37 °C). Subcutaneous administration of temperature-responsive bioconjugate sols into the dorsal region of Sprague-Dawley rats formed in situ hydrogel. in situ formation of bioconjugate gels in stimulated body fluids at 37 °C showed nucleation and hydroxyapatite mineral growth. Furthermore, hydroxyapatite growth was also found in in vivo gels, which suggested the potential of alginate-based bioconjugate gels as a scaffold for bone engineering. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)-loaded bioconjugate formed stable gel in vivo, and demonstrated sustained release. BMP-2-loaded bioconjugates exhibited in situ biomineralization in vivo. These results imply that the in situ formation of injectable biomimetic materials has potential for bone tissue engineering applications.

Thambi, T., Phan, V. G., Kim, S. H., Le, T. M. D., & Lee, D. S. (2019). Hyaluronic acid decorated pH-and temperature-induced injectable bioconjugates for sustained delivery of bioactive factors and highly efficient wound regeneration. New Journal of Chemistry, 43(48), 18979-18982.
https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/skku/handle/2021.sw.skku/13608

Abstract:

Microporous injectable bioconjugates, composed of hyaluronic acid-poly(β-aminoester urethane), were prepared by the amination of synthetic copolymers and successive post modification using natural polymers. Strinkingly, the free flowing bioconjugates can seal cutaneous wounds due to their sharp sol-to-gel phase transition. The sustained delivery of bioactive factors and wound regeneration performance of the bioconjugates were examined in vivo. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.

Thambi, T., Phan, V. G., Kim, S. H., Le, T. M. D., Duong, H. T. T., & Lee, D. S. (2019). Smart injectable biogels based on hyaluronic acid bioconjugates finely substituted with poly (β-amino ester urethane) for cancer therapy. Biomaterials Science, 7(12), 5424-5437.
DOI    https://doi.org/10.1039/C9BM01161G

Abstract:

Development of implantable material to control the release of chemotherapeutics in the body is a promising approach to control cancer cell proliferation; however, implantation requires surgical intervention. Herein, we propose the in situ formation of injectable biogels (IBGs) for the programmed delivery of potent chemotherapeutic drugs. IBGs are developed via cohesive molecular assembly of a polysaccharide-polymer network comprised of hyaluronic acid–poly(β-amino urethane). Biocompatible IBGs could be administered subcutaneously through a hypodermic needle in vivo to subsequently assemble into a microporous network. The hyaluronic acid-shielded network mimics the natural extracellular matrix, avoiding rapid degradation of IBGs, with a soft texture and adhesiveness facilitating integration with dermal tissues after subcutaneous implantation. The natural-mimicking architecture confers the IBG network controlled degradation and bioresorbable properties. Subcutaneous administration of IBGs controlled the delivery of a therapeutic agent in a spatio-temporal manner. Therapeutic agents delivered near the tumors in a sustained manner were effectively infiltrated into the thick solid tumors and provide a durable and enhanced anti-tumor response in the B16/OVA melanoma model in vivo. These results indicate that IBGs could be potential medical interventions for the treatment of cancers.

Safaei Khorram, M., Zhang, G., Fatemi, A., Kiefer, R., Mahmood, A., Jafarnia, S., ... & Li, G. (2020). Effect of walnut shell biochars on soil quality, crop yields, and weed dynamics in a 4-year field experiment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(15), 18510-18520.
DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08335-w

Abstract:

The introduction of biochar has been extensively tested under short-term greenhouse or field studies mainly in sandy or acidic soils, while its effects on soil properties, crop plants, and weed species especially in neutral or alkaline soils are still not well understood. Therefore, this study focused on relatively long effects of two walnut shell biochars (5 t ha−1) on soil nutrient dynamics, two crop plants (wheat and lentil) growth and developments, and weed growth dynamics over 4 years (2014–2017). Applied biochar added once at the beginning of the experiment while planted crops were supplied with macro-nutrients and sprayed with pesticides according to conventional requirements of the region. Biochars improved soil properties by 10–23% during the first and second years while positive effects of biochars on weed growth were drastically higher (60–78% higher weed density) during the whole period of this study most likely due to increase in bioavailability of nutrient shortly after biochar amendment and indirect positive effects of biochars on soil physical properties as well. Consequently, biochar macro- and micro-nutrient will be utilized by weed plants with higher efficacy compared with crop plants.

Harjo, M., Zondaka, Z., Leemets, K., Järvekülg, M., Tamm, T., & Kiefer, R. (2020). Polypyrrole‐coated fiber‐scaffolds: concurrent linear actuation and sensing. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 137(14), 48533.

https://doi.org/10.1002/app.48533

Abstract:

Conducting polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) can be deposited on various substrates to obtain conductive electroactive coatings. While electrochemical coatings are generally considered to be more effective, chemical coatings are more industrially suitable, especially on complex substrates. In this work, we aimed to explore the electro-chemo-mechanical response of conductive fiber scaffolds (CFS) prepared by coating PPy (chemically) on glucose-gelatin nanofibre scaffolds. Electroactivity was readily observed in both aqueous and propylene carbonate solutions of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, with mainly anion activity in both cases. A higher actuation response was achieved in the aqueous solutions with strain in the range of 1.2% and stress in the range of 3 kPa. Under both cyclic voltammetry and square wave potential steps driving, stable actuation for over 100 cycles was maintained. In addition to actuation, the CFS samples exhibited concurrent sensory properties, in sensing current densities and mechanical load. The PPy-coated CFS material functioning as both an actuator and a sensor is envisaged to have potential applications in smart materials, soft robotics or e-skin. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48

Harjo, M., Järvekülg, M., Tamm, T., Otero, T. F., & Kiefer, R. (2020). Concept of an artificial muscle design on polypyrrole nanofiber scaffolds. PloS one, 15(5), e0232851.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232851

Abstract:

Here we present the synthesis and characterization of two new conducting materials having a high electro-chemo-mechanical activity for possible applications as artificial muscles or soft smart actuators in biomimetic structures. Glucose-gelatin nanofiber scaffolds (CFS) were coated with polypyrrole (PPy) first by chemical polymerization followed by electrochemical polymerization doped with dodecylbenzensulfonate (DBS-) forming CFS-PPy/DBS films, or with trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF3SO3-, TF) giving CFS-PPy/TF films. The composition, electronic and ionic conductivity of the materials were determined using different techniques. The electro-chemo-mechanical characterization of the films was carried out by cyclic voltammetry and square wave potential steps in bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium solutions of propylene carbonate (LiTFSI-PC). Linear actuation of the CFS-PPy/DBS material exhibited 20% of strain variation with a stress of 0.14 MPa, rather similar to skeletal muscles. After 1000 cycles, the creeping effect was as low as 0,2% having a good long-term stability showing a strain variation per cycle of -1.8% (after 1000 cycles). Those material properties are excellent for future technological applications as artificial muscles, batteries, smart membranes, and so on.

Khadka, R., Zhang, P., Nguyen, N. T., Tamm, T., Travas-Sejdic, J., Otero, T. F., & Kiefer, R. (2020). Role of polyethylene oxide content in polypyrrole linear actuators. Materials Today Communications, 23, 100908.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.100908

Abstract:

Current research on conducting polymer composite actuators has been mainly focused on achieving increased linear actuation with improved electrical, physical and chemical properties. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) has been shown to enhance both mechanical and electrical properties of conducting polymers at certain concentrations. However, as some of these effects peak off, the optimal concentration is difficult to determine. In this study, polypyrrole (PPy)-PEO composite films, doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonate, were electropolymerized from solutions with different concentrations of PEO. The obtained films were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman, FTIR and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and modified scanning ionic conductance microscopy (mSICM) allowed the determination of electronic and ionic conductivities of the samples. Their electro-chemo-mechanical deformations (ECMD) were investigated under cyclic voltammetry. In aqueous electrolyte, the samples showed expansion/contraction during reduction/oxidation, respectively (cation-driven), while opposite behaviour - expansion/contraction during oxidation/reduction (anion-driven) behaviour was observed in propylene carbonate solutions. These films obtained from solutions with a PEO content of 5% showed the highest deformations (strain and stress). They also presented the highest ionic and electronic conductivities and redox charge density. The ECMD deformation per unit of redox charge was much higher in PC solutions than in aqueous solutions: more PC molecules are exchanged for osmotic balance per unit of redox charge.

Nguyen, D. H., Vo, T. N. N., Le, N. T. T., Thi, D. P. N., & Thi, T. T. H. (2020). Evaluation of saponin-rich/poor leaf extract-mediated silver nanoparticles and their antifungal capacity. Green Processing and Synthesis, 9(1), 429-439.

https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2020-0044

Abstract:

One-pot green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has attracted much attention due to its simplicity, high feasibility in scaling up production, abundantly renewable sources, and environmental friendliness. Herein, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Phyllanthus urinaria leaf extracts (OT-ext and P.uri.ext, respectively) were chosen as reacting agents with rich and poor saponins to fabricate two biogenic AgNPs and characterize them. OT-AgNPs were simply and successfully generated by OT-ext. Ultraviolet-visible spectra showed the peak centered at 434 nm, which confirmed the presence of AgNPs after an 8-h reaction. FT-IR showed the organic functional groups (OH, C═O, C═C, CH, and COC) capping the surface of OT-AgNPs, which agreed with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis exhibiting the composition containing C, O, and Ag. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs revealed that OT-AgNPs possess spherical morphology, with a size range of 5–61 nm, and the majority having a small size within that range. In comparison, P.uri.AgNPs formed by P.uri.ext had a size distribution in a similar range, but the P.uri.AgNP diameter shifted toward larger sizes. Further, OT-AgNPs and P.uri.AgNPs showed an effective antifungal ability against Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. Overall, it was found that the rich saponins in the extracts lead to the formation of smaller AgNPs, but all extract-mediated AgNPs with a size less than 100 nm can act as a fungicide for various application

Nguyen, Hao Huy, et al. "Modified blue TiO2 nanostructures for efficient photo-oxidative removal of harmful NOx gases." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 37.9 (2020): 1507-1514.

DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0560-z

Abstract:

Blue TiO2 nanostructures were produced via Lithium/ethylenediamine (Li/EDA) reduction method and applied for photo-oxidative removal of harmful NOx gases under simulated solar light irradiation. Blue TiO2 possesses some unique physicochemical properties such as enhanced visible-light absorption, superficial defects or oxygen vacancies, and the evolution of Ti3+ species. Moreover, the photoluminescence spectra (PL) revealed the efficient separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs in the modified blue TiO2 nanostructures, enhancing their photocatalytic activities. The results indicated that the blue TiO2 nanostructures exhibited the highest performance towards photo-oxidation of NOx gases, with an efficiency of 72.6% under simulated solar light irradiation.

Nguyen, D. H., Vo, T. N. N., Nguyen, N. T., Ching, Y. C., & Hoang Thi, T. T. (2020). Comparison of biogenic silver nanoparticles formed by Momordica charantia and Psidium guajava leaf extract and antifungal evaluation. PloS One, 15(9), e0239360.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239360

Abstract:

Exploiting plant extracts to form metallic nanoparticles has been becoming the promising alternative routes of chemical and physical methods owing to environmentally friendly and abundantly renewable resources. In this study, Momordica charantia and Psidium guajava leaf extract (MC.broth and PG.broth) are exploited to fabricate two kinds of biogenic silver nanoparticles (MC.AgNPs and PG.AgNPs). Phytoconstituent screening is performed to identify the categories of natural compounds in MC.broth and PG.broth. Both extracts contain wealthy polyphenols which play a role of reducing agent to turn silver (I) ions into silver nuclei. Trace alkaloids, rich saponins and other oxygen-containing compounds creating the organic corona surrounding nanoparticles act as stabilizing agents. MC.AgNPs and PG.AgNPs are characterized by UV-vis and FTIR spectrophotometry, EDS and TEM techniques. FTIR spectra indicate the presence of O-H, C = O, C-O-C and C = C groups on the surface of silver nanoparticles which is corresponded with three elements of C, O and Ag found in EDS analysis. TEM micrographs show the spherical morphology of MC.AgNPs and PG.AgNPs. MC.AgNPs were 17.0 nm distributed in narrow range of 5–29 nm, while the average size of PG.AgNPs were 25.7 nm in the range of 5–53 nm. Further, MC.AgNPs and PG.AgNPs exhibit their effectively inhibitory ability against A. niger, A. flavus and F. oxysporum as dose-dependence. Altogether, MC.AgNPs and PG.AgNPs will have much potential in scaled up production and become the promising fungicides for agricultural applications.

Chia, S. R., Chew, K. W., Leong, H. Y., Manickam, S., Show, P. L., & Nguyen, T. H. P. (2020). Sonoprocessing-assisted solvent extraction for the recovery of pigment-protein complex from Spirulina platensis. Chemical Engineering Journal, 398, 125613.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.125613

Abstract:

Current practice for C-phycocyanin (CPC) extraction from fresh biomass is greatly perishable, so dried biomass is preferable for longer storage life and saving spaces for small scale industries. However, the resistance of dried biomass towards cell disruption is higher compared to fresh biomass. Therefore, this work aims to develop an effective technique for the extraction of CPC from dried Spirulina sp. This study addresses the effect of sonoprocessing-assisted with liquid biphasic flotation (LBF) for the extraction and purification of CPC and allophycocyanin (APC). The application of ultrasound was optimized by various parameters such as amplitude (20 to 30%), sonication time in pulse mode (5 to 25 s), resting time in pulse mode (5 to 25 s) and the total time of sonication (3 to 12 min). While for the liquid biphasic flotation, the studied parameters were air flowrate (75 to 175 cc/min), a volume ratio of both phases (1:0.5 to 1:1.5), flotation time (3 to 12 min), and weight of biomass (0.1 to 0.6 g). Results of both CPC and APC were determined using the optimized conditions and subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis. Total purification factor of 5.23 and recovery of 95.10% were obtained using 30% amplitude, 5 s ON/5s OFF (pulse mode), 10 min sonication, volume ratio 1:1, 100 cc/min air flowrate, 7 min flotation time, and 0.45 g biomass. This study proves that the suggested method enhances efficiency in the recovery of CPC and demonstrates the synergistic effect of sonoprocessing with LBF in extracting CPC and other biomolecules from microalgae.

Khoo, K. S., Tan, X., Show, P. L., Pal, P., Juan, J. C., Ling, T. C., ... & Nguyen, T. H. P. (2020). Treatment for landfill leachate via physicochemical approaches: an overview. Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly, 34(1), 1-24.
https://doi.org/10.15255/CABEQ.2019.1703

Abstract:

Leachate waste consists of various mixtures of organic, inorganic, and heavy metal contaminants, which are responsible for groundwater and surface water contamination. Landfills apply physical, chemical, and biological processes for the treatment of leachate. Most studies on leachate treatment by coagulation and flocculation are based on the selection and performance of natural based biopolymers in comparison with various inorganic metal salts and grafted polymers used for the removal of contaminants. In addition, adsorption processes utilizing non-conventional activated carbons as absorbents are the current emerging focus of the researchers in leachate treatment. These adsorbents are low-in-cost, efficient, and renewable compared to conventional adsorbents. The present paper aimed to evaluate and review the technology utilising various greener approaches in coagulation, flocculation, and adsorption as the physicochemical approaches to leachate treatment. The challenges and future work regarding the development of these green products in the commercial markets were comprehensively evaluated.

Perera, P. G. T., Nguyen, T. H. P., Dekiwadia, C., Wandiyanto, J. V., Sbarski, I., Bazaka, O., ... & Ivanova, E. P. (2018). Exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic field triggers rapid uptake of large nanosphere clusters by pheochromocytoma cells. International journal of nanomedicine, 13, 8429.
doi: 10.2147/IJN.S183767

Abstract:

Effects of man-made electromagnetic fields (EMF) on living organisms potentially include transient and permanent changes in cell behaviour, physiology and morphology. At present, these EMF-induced effects are poorly defined, yet their understanding may provide important insights into consequences of uncontrolled (e.g., environmental) as well as intentional (e.g., therapeutic or diagnostic) exposure of biota to EMFs. In this work, for the first time, we study mechanisms by which a high frequency (18 GHz) EMF radiation affects the physiology of membrane transport in pheochromocytoma PC 12, a convenient model system for neurotoxicological and membrane transport studies.

Nguyen, T. A., Mai, T. Y., Nguyen, T. X. M., Huynh, K. P. H., Le, M. V., & Nguyen, T. (2020). Mechanochemical Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and their Antibacterial Activity against Escherichia Coli. In Materials Science Forum (Vol. 1007, pp. 59-64). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1007.59

Abstract:

Crystalline ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a mechanochemical method using zinc acetate dihydrate and sodium hydroxide as starting materials, and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a protective agent. Mechanochemical activation of the solid-state reaction was achieved at low temperatures in a rapid laboratory ball mill. A three-level full factorial experimental design was used to investigate the effect of milling time and surfactant ratio on ZnO crystallite size. The product powders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The crystallite size of ZnO samples estimated from XRD is consistent with the SEM images and found to be less than 40 nm. The crystallite size of the ZnO decreased as the surfactant ratio increased. There is an optimal milling time of 60 minutes in order to obtain ZnO nanoparticles with the smallest average grain size. The antibacterial activity of the obtained products against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was examined, and the minimum inhibitory concentration value was 5 mg/mL. ZnO synthesized by this simple method can be considered potentially as an effective bactericidal agent.

Tran, V. A., Tran, N. H. T., Bach, L. G., Nguyen, T. D., Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, T. T., ... & Le, V. T. (2020). Facile synthesis of propranolol and novel derivatives. Journal of Chemistry, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9597426

Abstract:

Propranolol is one of the first medications of the beta-blocker used for antihypertensive drugs. This study reports the facile route for the synthesis of propranolol and its novel derivatives. Herein, propranolol synthesis proceeded from 1-naphthol and isopropylamine under mild and less toxic conditions. Novel propranolol derivatives were designed by reactions of propranolol with benzoyl chloride, pyridinium chlorochromate, and n-butyl bromide through esterification, oxidation reduction, and alkylation, respectively. The isolation and purity of compounds were conducted using column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Mass spectrometry and 1H-NMR spectroscopy were applied to identify new compounds structure. Propranolol derivatives from 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride (compound 3), 2-fluorobenzoyl chloride (compound 5), and especially acetic anhydride (compound 6) manifested high yields and significantly increased water solubility. Six semisynthetic propranolol derivatives promise to improve antioxidative and biological activities.

Yew, G. Y., Puah, B. K., Chew, K. W., Teng, S. Y., Show, P. L., & Nguyen, T. H. P. (2020). Chlorella vulgaris FSP-E cultivation in waste molasses: Photo-to-property estimation by artificial intelligence. Chemical Engineering Journal, 402, 126230.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126230

Abstract:

This progress of industry revolution, which involves reutilizing waste materials and simplifying complex procedures of analysis through artificial intelligent (AI), are the current interest in automated industries. There are two main objectives, firstly, the use of waste molasses from sugar mills as a cultivation medium for microalgae and nutrients extraction. The biomass in 15% of the molasses medium without carbon dioxide aeration during cultivation obtained the highest dry cell weight at 1206.43 mg/L. Protein content in the biomass of 10% molasses cultivation medium is 20.60%, which is higher compared to commercial mediums. Secondly, the exploitation of the deep colouration properties of molasses-cultivated microalgae, a novel photo-to-property estimation was performed by k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) algorithm through RGB model pixel raster in the images to rapidly determine the biomass concentration, nitrogen concentration and pH without use of tedious analytical processes. The k-value at 4 was studied in normalized Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) for biomass concentration at 0.10, nitrate at 0.11, and pH at 0.02 for a sequence of days.

Rambabu, K., Bharath, G., Banat, F., Hai, A., Show, P. L., & Nguyen, T. H. P. (2021). Ferric oxide/date seed activated carbon nanocomposites mediated dark fermentation of date fruit wastes for enriched biohydrogen production. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(31), 16631-16643.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.06.108

Abstract:

Biohydrogen production from biomass waste, not only addresses the energy demand in a renewable manner but also resolves the safe disposal issues associated with these biowastes. Also, scalable and low-cost techniques to enhance biohydrogen production have gained more attraction and are highly explored. In this research work, date-palm fruit wastes have been studied for their biohydrogen production potential using Enterobacter aerogenes by dark fermentation. Hydrogen yield and productivity were improved through the addition of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and its date seed activated carbon nanocomposites (Fe3O4/DSAC) to the fermentation media. Studies on discrete inclusions of these NPs showed that the appropriate dosage of NPs promoted, while higher dosages repressed the hydrogen production performance. Optimal dosage and fermentation time was observed as 150 mg/L and 24 h for both the additives. Fe3O4/DSAC nanocomposites showed better hydrogen production enhancement than Fe3O4 NPs. Maximum hydrogen yield of 238.7 mL/g was obtained for the 150 mg/L nanocomposites, which was 65.7% higher than that of the standalone Fe3O4 NPs and three folds higher than the yield of the control run without any NPs inclusion (78.4 mL/g). Metabolites analysis showed that the hydrogen evolution followed the ethanol-acetate pathway. Formation levels of longer chain propionate and butyrate co-metabolites were significantly low in the presence of Fe3O4/DSAC than Fe3O4. The carbon support in the nanocomposites acted as an adsorbent-buffer, which favored the medium pH in-addition to the stimulatory effects of Fe3O4 NPs. Cell growth and specific hydrogenase activity analysis were also performed to supplement the hydrogen production results. Gompertz and modified Logistic kinetic models were employed for kinetic modeling of experimental hydrogen production values. The Fe3O4/DSAC nanocomposites exhibited significant application potential for the production of biohydrogen from date fruit wastes.

Mat Aron, N. S., Khoo, K. S., Chew, K. W., Show, P. L., Chen, W. H., & Nguyen, T. H. P. (2020). Sustainability of the four generations of biofuels–a review. International Journal of Energy Research, 44(12), 9266-9282.
 https://doi.org/10.1002/er.5557

Abstract:

Biofuel has emerged as an alternative source of energy to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and combat global warming. Biofuels are classified into first, second, third and fourth generations. Each of the biofuel generations aims to meet the global energy demand while minimizing environmental impacts. Sustainability is defined as meeting the needs of the current generations without jeopardizing the needs of future generations. The aim of sustainability is to ensure continuous growth of the economy while protecting the environment and societal needs. Thus, this paper aims to evaluate the sustainability of these four generations of biofuels. The objectives are to compare the production of biofuel, the net greenhouse gases emissions, and energy efficiency. This study is important in providing information for the policymakers and researchers in the decision-making for the future development of green energy. Each of the biofuel generations shows different benefits and drawbacks. From this study, we conclude that the first generation biofuel has the highest biofuel production and energy efficiency, but is less effective in meeting the goal of reducing the greenhouse gases emission. The third generation biofuel shows the lowest net greenhouse gases emissions, allowing the reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. However, the energy required for the processing of the third generation biofuel is higher and, this makes it less environmentally friendly as fossil fuels are used to generate electricity. The third and fourth generation feedstocks are the potential sustainable source for the future production of biofuel. However, more studies need to be done to find an alternative low cost for biofuel production while increasing energy efficiency.

Tan, C. H., Tan, X., Ho, S. H., Lam, S. S., Show, P. L., & Nguyen, T. H. P. (2020). Conceptual design of a hybrid thin layer cascade photobioreactor for microalgal biodiesel synthesis. International Journal of Energy Research, 44(12), 9757-9771.
https://doi.org/10.1002/er.5699

Abstract:

Even though microalgae are able to produce various valuable metabolites, microalgal culture on an industrial scale still faces challenging difficulties. Open systems may be cheaper to construct, easier to operate and maintain, and possess greater surface area to volume ratio, but they are also easily contaminated, have high water loss due to evaporation, and suffer from unfavorable weather. On the other hand, closed photobioreactor systems possess higher biomass yields, better control over culture parameters, and lower contamination risks. However, photobioreactors are costlier to construct and maintain. Thus, a hybrid semi-closed thin layer cascade photobioreactor was proposed to cultivate high-density microalgal cultures for biodiesel production. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was carried out to observe fluid behavior in the hybrid photobioreactor design. The simulation results showed satisfactory performance in the improved design, making the photobioreactor a potential candidate for microalgal biodiesel production.

Ha, L. T. V., Dai, L. M., Lim, D. T., Nhiem, D. N., & Pham, N. N. (2020). Pure and cerium‐doped zinc oxides: Hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 67(9), 1631-1643.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jccs.202000050

Abstract:

Pristine and cerium-doped zinc oxides with a different dopant concentration between 1 and 5% were fabricated using the hydrothermal method. Prepared materials show direct bandgaps of comparable values. Cerium-doped materials show UV-Vis spectra with broad tails toward the visible light range. Pure zinc oxide displays the flower-like form, while cerium-doped materials possess rod-shaped morphologies. The materials were tested for the degradation performance of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. To elucidate the difference in their performance, further measurements and experiments were conducted. Overall, 3%-cerium doped zinc oxide shows the greatest photocatalytic performance. This is possibly attributed to its rod shape with good uniformity and to the enrichment of oxygen vacancies in its surface layers. Finally, trapping experiments reveal that positive holes and hydroxyl radicals were the predominant active species during the photocatalytic degradation process.

Elhi, F., Peikolainen, A. L., Kiefer, R., & Tamm, T. (2020). Cellulose-multiwall carbon nanotube fiber actuator behavior in aqueous and organic electrolyte. Materials, 13(14), 3213.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143213

Abstract:

As both consumers and producers are shifting from fossil-derived materials to other, more sustainable approaches, there is a growing interest in bio-origin and biodegradable polymers. In search of bio-degradable electro-mechanically active materials, cellulose-multi wall carbon nanotube (Cell-CNT) composites are a focus for the development of actuators and sensors. In the current study, our aim was to fabricate Cell-CNT composite fibers and study their electro-mechanical response as linear actuators in aqueous and propylene carbonate-based electrolyte solutions. While the response was (expectedly) strongly solvent dependent, the different solvents also revealed unexpected phenomena. Cell-CNT fibers in propylene carbonate revealed a strong back-relaxation process at low frequencies, and also a frequency dependent response direction change (change of actuation direction). Cell-CNT fibers operated in aqueous electrolyte showed response typical to electrochemical capacitors including expansion at discharging with controllable actuation dependence on charge density. While the response was similarly stable in both electrolyte solution systems, the aqueous electrolytes were clearly favorable for Cell-CNT with 3.4 times higher conductivities, 4.3 times higher charge densities and 11 times higher strain. 

Kesküla, A., Peikolainen, A. L., Kiefer, R., & Tamm, T. (2020). Consistent response from conducting polymer actuators: Potential window and embedded charges to avoid mixed ion transport. Synthetic Metals, 268, 116502.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116502

Abstract:

A soft ionic electroactive polymer actuator does not differ from other types of actuators in the requirement of reliable, controllable and consistent performance. In ionic systems, like those of conducting polymers, the direction of actuation (as well as - naturally - the amplitude) depends on the dominance of one type of ions (cations over anions or vice versa) as the mobile species, maintaining charge neutrality. Here we demonstrate that the same polypyrrole (PPy) films can have rather different response in terms of linear actuation amplitude as well as direction under different voltage ranges. A system designed to mitigate such uncertainties – PPy blended with polymerized ionic liquid – is shown as a comparison. Three reversible and charge-balanced potential ranges in cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltage steps experiments were chosen to demonstrate the importance of selecting the right voltage range, especially if no embedded charges acting as “filters” are being used.

Khuyen, Nguyen Quang, et al. "Multifunctionality of polypyrrole polyethyleneoxide composites: Concurrent sensing, actuation and energy storage." Polymers 12.9 (2020): 2060.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12092060

Abstract:

In films of conducting polymers, the electrochemical reaction(s) drive the simultaneous variation of different material properties (reaction multifunctionality). Here, we present a parallel study of actuation-sensing-energy storage triple functionality of polypyrrole (PPy) blends with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS-), PPy/DBS, without and with inclusion of polyethyleneoxide, PPy-PEO/DBS. The characterization of the response of both materials in aqueous solutions of four different salts indicated that all of the actuating, sensing and charge storage responses were, independent of the electrolyte, present for both materials, but stronger for the PPy-PEO/DBS films: 1.4× higher strains, 1.3× higher specific charge densities, 2.5× higher specific capacitances and increased ion-sensitivity towards the studied counterions. For both materials, the reaction energy, the material potential and the strain variations adapt to and sense the electrical and chemical (exchanged cation) conditions. The driving and the response of actuation, sensing and charge can be controlled/read, simultaneously, via just two connecting wires. Only the cooperative actuation of chemical macromolecular motors from functional cells has such chemical multifunctionality

Li, Q., Kuo, Y. W., Lin, K. H., Huang, W., Deng, C., Yeh, K. W., & Chen, S. P. (2021). Piriformospora indica colonization increases the growth, development, and herbivory resistance of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Plant Cell Reports, 40(2), 339-350.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2020.01.002

Abstract:

Piriformospora indica (P. indica), a versatile endophytic fungus, promotes the growth and confers resistance against multiple stresses by root colonization in plant hosts. In this study, the effects of P. indica colonization on the growth, physiological change, and herbivore resistance of leaf-vegetable sweet potato cultivar were investigated. P. indica symbiosis significantly improved the biomass in both above- and under-ground parts of sweet potato plants. In comparison with the non-colonized plants, the content of photosynthetic pigments and the efficiency of photosynthesis were increased in P. indica-colonized sweet potato plants. Further investigation showed that the activity of catalase was enhanced in both leaves and roots of sweet potato plants after colonization, but ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were not enhanced. Furthermore, the interaction between P. indica and sweet potato plants also showed the biological function in jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defense. The plants colonized by P. indica had greatly increased JA accumulation and defense gene expressions, including IbNAC1, IbbHLH3, IbpreproHypSys, and sporamin, leading to elevated trypsin inhibitory activity, which was consistent with a reduced Spodoptera litura performance when larvae fed on the leaves of P. indica-colonized sweet potato plants. The root symbiosis of P. indica is helpful for the plant promoting growth and development and has a strong function as resistance inducers against herbivore attack in sweet potato cultivation by regulating sporamin-dependent defense.

Nguyen, H. C., Vuong, D. P., Nguyen, N. T. T., Nguyen, N. P., Su, C. H., Wang, F. M., & Juan, H. Y. (2020). Aqueous enzymatic extraction of polyunsaturated fatty acid–rich sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seed oil: An eco-friendly approach. LWT, 133, 109992.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109992

Abstract:

Sacha inchi seeds are a potential source of natural oil rich in essential polyunsaturated fatty acids and have various nutraceutical and health benefits. This study developed an aqueous enzymatic extraction process for eco-friendly extracting sacha inchi seed oil. The activities of different enzymes (proteases and cellulase) in the extraction process were evaluated. Among the tested enzymes, papain exhibited the highest extraction activity. The papain-assisted extraction was subsequently optimized through response surface methodology to yield maximum oil level. A maximum oil yield of 28.45% was obtained under the following extraction conditions: enzyme loading, 4.46%; water-to-sample ratio, 4.45 mL/g; extraction time, 4.95 h; and temperature, 38.9 °C. Under optimal extraction conditions, papain could be repeatedly used for extraction. This study indicates that papain is a potential protease and that aqueous enzymatic extraction is an eco-friendly and efficient process for extracting beneficial oil from sacha inchi seeds.

Nguyen, H. C., Pan, J. W., Su, C. H., Ong, H. C., Chern, J. M., & Lin, J. Y. (2021). Sol‐gel synthesized lithium orthosilicate as a reusable solid catalyst for biodiesel production. International Journal of Energy Research, 45(4), 6239-6249.
 https://doi.org/10.1002/er.6246

Abstract:

Lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) is a promising solid catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. However, Li4SiO4 is traditionally prepared by a solid-state reaction, which results in the unstable activity for the reaction. In the present study, Li4SiO4 was successfully prepared using a simple sol-gel method and employed as an efficient solid alkali catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. The molar ratio of precursors and calcination temperature were optimized for the synthesis of Li4SiO4 by using the sol-gel method. The physical and chemical properties were determined using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction particle size, and thermogravimetric analysis. The as-prepared Li4SiO4 catalyst had much smaller particle size, pore volume, and pore size, but higher surface area and basicity than Li4SiO4 catalyst prepared by the solid-state reaction. It was then used to transesterify methanol and soybean oil into biodiesel. The effect of reaction factors (reaction time from 1 to 3 hours, catalyst concentration from 3 to 9%; molar ratio of methanol to oil from 6:1 to 18:1, and temperature from 55°C to 75°C) on the Li4SiO4-catalyzed transesterification was systematically examined. The highest biodiesel conversion of 91% was reached under the following conditions: reaction time of 2 hours, Li4SiO4 concentration of 6%, 12:1 methanol:oil molar ratio, and temperature of 65°C. Notably, Li4SiO4 could be efficiently reused for at least 10 times without significant loss of its activity; this suggests that the sol-gel synthesized Li4SiO4 is a potential solid alkali catalyst for biodiesel synthesis.

Nguyen, Quoc Hai, et al. "Efficient TiC-C hybrid conductive matrix for ZnTe anode in Lithium-ion storage." Applied Surface Science 534 (2020): 147679.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147679

Abstract:

ZnTe alloy is simply prepared by the primary annealing step, along with the formation of TiC-C hybrid conductive matrix in the secondary ball-milling process. As-prepared ZnTe@TiC-C nanocomposite consists of active ZnTe nanocrystallites embedded in a TiC-C buffering material, which is adopted as a potential anode material for Lithium-ion storage. In comparison with stand-alone carbon matrix as a buffering material, the presence of the TiC-C hybrid matrix improves the electrochemical performances of ZnTe active material in terms of capacity, stability, reversibility, and rate capability performances. Also, the optimum content of TiC in the ZnTe@TiC-C composites is evaluated based on the electrochemical performances, in that the ZnTe@TiC(20%)-C composite exhibits the highest reversible capacities of ~547 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, the good rate capability (84% capacity retention at 10 A g−1 when compared with the capacity at 0.1 A g−1), and the cycle life at 1 A g−1 (~700 mAh cm−3 after 500 cycles). The enhanced electrochemical performance of the ZnTe active material with the presence of the TiC-C hybrid matrix can be attributed to the effective mitigation against the large volume change in the ZnTe and the high conductivity, thereby facilitating electron transport during prolonged cycling.

Linklater, D. P., Baulin, V. A., Le Guével, X., Fleury, J. B., Hanssen, E., Nguyen, T. H. P., ... & Ivanova, E. P. (2020). Antibacterial action of nanoparticles by lethal stretching of bacterial cell membranes. Advanced Materials, 32(52), 2005679.
 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202005679

Abstract:

It is commonly accepted that nanoparticles (NPs) can kill bacteria; however, the mechanism of antimicrobial action remains obscure for large NPs that cannot translocate the bacterial cell wall. It is demonstrated that the increase in membrane tension caused by the adsorption of NPs is responsible for mechanical deformation, leading to cell rupture and death. A biophysical model of the NP–membrane interactions is presented which suggests that adsorbed NPs cause membrane stretching and squeezing. This general phenomenon is demonstrated experimentally using both model membranes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, representing Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic quasi-spherical and star-shaped gold (Au)NPs are synthesized to explore the antibacterial mechanism of non-translocating AuNPs. Direct observation of nanoparticle-induced membrane tension and squeezing is demonstrated using a custom-designed microfluidic device, which relieves contraction of the model membrane surface area and eventual lipid bilayer collapse. Quasi-spherical nanoparticles exhibit a greater bactericidal action due to a higher interactive affinity, resulting in greater membrane stretching and rupturing, corroborating the theoretical model. Electron microscopy techniques are used to characterize the NP–bacterial-membrane interactions. This combination of experimental and theoretical results confirm the proposed mechanism of membrane-tension-induced (mechanical) killing of bacterial cells by non-translocating NPs.

Ngo, P. T., Vo, P. N., Trinh-Le, L. P., Pham, D. T., Phan, P. D., Cao, C. V., ... & Le-Phuc, N. (2021). Role of e-beam irradiation treatment on detemplation and structural hierarchy of ZSM-5 zeolite. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 315, 110928.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2021.110928

Abstract:

In this work, detemplation of tetrapropylammonium ZSM-5 zeolites was performed by e-beam irradiation technique. It was found that exposure to high-energy e-beam irradiation induces the partial detemplation from the ZSM-5 zeolites at ambient condition and facilitates the supplementary detemplation. Direct radiolysis of water molecules coupling with indirect ionization and dissociation along the chain of extraframework-framework interactions have led to fragmentation of the organic compounds (dehydration and detemplation) and even the framework T-O-T bonds (amorphization). The completely detemplated zeolites with different Si/Al molar ratios and thus different hydrophilicity were found to have different hierarchical structures. A network of large-mouth funnel-shaped pores was formed in the Al-rich ZSM-5 zeolite with the Si/Al molar ratio of ca. 18, whereas channels with ink-bottle shaped pores were formed in the Si-rich ZSM-5 zeolite with the Si/Al molar ratio of ca. 30.

Nguyen, Hoang Chinh, et al. "Optimization of aqueous enzyme‐assisted extraction of rosmarinic acid from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaves and the antioxidant activity of the extract." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 45.3 (2021): e15221.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.15221

Abstract:

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a potential source of rosmarinic acid (RA). This study aimed to develop a novel aqueous enzymatic approach for extracting RA from rosemary leaves and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the RA-rich extract. The ability of several enzymes to release RA from plant tissues was investigated. Among the examined enzymes, cellulase A exhibited the highest extraction efficiency. Subsequently, aqueous cellulase A-assisted extraction was optimized. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: an extraction time of 4.63 hr, a water-to-sample ratio of 28.69 ml/g, an enzyme concentration of 2.56%, and a temperature of 36.6°C, with the maximum RA content of 13.97 mg/g. The RA-rich extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical with an IC50 value of 532.01 μg/ml. Aqueous cellulase-assisted extraction is a green approach for RA extraction from rosemary leaves. Furthermore, the rosemary leaf extract is a promising antioxidant agent for future use.

Tran, Tuyet Nhung, et al. "Astaxanthin production by newly isolated Rhodosporidium toruloides: optimization of medium compositions by response surface methodology." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 47.2 (2019): 320-327.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha47111361

Abstract:

Astaxanthin is a valuable carotenoid pigment, which has been extensively used in various industries. In this study, Rhodosporidium toruloides was first used as a new microbial source for producing natural astaxanthin. Various carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources were evaluated for their effect on astaxanthin production of R. toruloides. Response surface methodology (RSM) was then used to optimize the medium compositions for maximizing the astaxanthin concentration. Among the examined nutrients, glucose, peptone, and KH2PO4 were the most efficient carbon, nitrogen, and mineral source for astaxanthin production, respectively. Through RSM, a maximum astaxanthin concentration of 927.11 µg l-1 was obtained by using Hansen broth containing 83.74 g l-1 glucose, 20.01 g l-1 peptone, and 6.19 g l-1 KH2PO4. This study suggested that R. toruloides is a promising candidate to produce natural astaxanthin.

Khuyen, Nguyen Quang, et al. "The Use of Laminates of Commercially Available Fabrics for Anti-Stab Body-Armor." Polymers 13.7 (2021): 1077.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071077

Abstract:

Modern personal protective armor has been generally based on the Kevlar fabrics, with the main goal to offer defense against bullets. In addition to the high cost and poor processability, Kevlar has the disadvantage of limited stab-proofing capability. On the other hand, a large number of crimes involving deadly injures represent knife attacks. Our goal in this work was to investigate composites based on traditional commercially available fabrics of linen and silk, using different adhesives-polymers for forming laminates. The silk composites also contained different amounts of in-woven polyester. Three different water-based adhesives of polyurethane, urea formaldehyde and polyvinyl alcohol were considered. It was found, that besides the strength of the fabrics themselves, the adhesives polymers played a crucial role in the obtained performance of the laminates. The laminates were characterized in their mechanical properties, as well as with scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy.

Tran, D. L., Le Thi, P., Lee, S. M., Thi, T. T. H., & Park, K. D. (2021). Multifunctional surfaces through synergistic effects of heparin and nitric oxide release for a highly efficient treatment of blood-contacting devices. Journal of Controlled Release, 329, 401-412.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.009

Abstract:

Thrombosis and inflammation after implantation remain unsolved problems associated with various medical devices with blood-contacting applications. In this study, we develop a multifunctional biomaterial with enhanced hemocompatibility and anti-inflammatory effects by combining the anticoagulant activity of heparin with the vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties of nitric oxide (NO). The co-immobilization of these two key molecules with distinct therapeutic effects is achieved by simultaneous conjugation of heparin (HT) and copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs), an NO-generating catalyst, via a simple tyrosinase (Tyr)-mediated reaction. The resulting immobilized surface showed long-term, stable and adjustable NO release for 14 days. Importantly, the makeup of the material endows the surface with the ability to promote endothelialization and to inhibit coagulation, platelet activation and smooth muscle cell proliferation. In addition, the HT/Cu NP co-immobilized surface enhanced macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype in vitro, which can reduce the inflammatory response and improve the adaptation of implants in vivo. This study demonstrated a simple but efficient method of developing a multifunctional surface for blood-contacting devices.

Le Thi, P., Lee, Y., Tran, D. L., Thi, T. T. H., Park, K. M., & Park, K. D. (2020). Calcium peroxide-mediated in situ formation of multifunctional hydrogels with enhanced mesenchymal stem cell behaviors and antibacterial properties. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 8(48), 11033-11043.
DOI    https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TB02119A

Abstract:

Injectable hydrogels can serve as therapeutic vehicles and implants for the treatment of various diseases as well as for tissue repair/regeneration. In particular, the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-catalyzed hydrogelation system has attracted much attention, due to its ease of handling and controllable gel properties. In this study, we introduce calcium peroxide (CaO2) as a H2O2-generating reagent to gradually supply a radical source for the HRP-catalyzed crosslinking reaction. This novel therapy can create stiff hydrogels without compromising the cytocompatibility of the hydrogels due to the use of initially high concentrations of H2O2. The physico-chemical properties of the hydrogels can be controlled by varying the concentrations of HRP and CaO2. In addition, the controlled and sustained release of bioactive molecules, including H2O2, O2, and Ca2+ ions, from the hydrogels could stimulate the cellular behaviors (attachment, migration, and differentiation) of human mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, the hydrogels exhibited killing efficacy against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, dependent on the H2O2 and Ca2+ release amounts. These positive results suggest that hydrogels formed by HRP/CaO2 can be used as potential matrices for a wide range of biomedical applications, such as bone regeneration and infection treatment.

Le, N. T., Thi, T. T. H., Ching, Y. C., Nguyen, N. H., Nguyen, D. Y. P., Truong, Q. M., & Nguyen, D. H. (2021). Garcinia mangostana Shell and Tradescantia spathacea Leaf Extract-Mediated One-pot Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Effective Antifungal Properties. Current Nanoscience, 17(5), 762-771.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1573413716666201222111244

Abstract:

Background: The feasibility of plant extracts for metallic nanoparticle fabrication has been demonstrated. Each plant species impacts differently on formed nanoparticles, thus specific plants need to be explored in detail.

Objective: Continuing the fabrication of nanoparticles using green method, Garcinia mangostana shell and Tradescantia spathacea leaf extract are exploited as reducing sources to form two types of silver nanoparticles (GMS-AgNPs and TSL-AgNPs) less than 50 nm.

Methods: Structural characterization of GMS-AgNPs and TSL-AgNPs was performed by ultravioletvisible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Antifungal tests of GMS-AgNPs and TSL-AgNPs were performed with Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum.

Results: UV-vis spectra with the 440-nm peak demonstrate the silver nanoparticle formation. FTIR analysis shows the GMS-AgNPs and TSL-AgNPs modified by organic functional groups. The SEM and TEM images indicate that the GMS-AgNPs are spherical shaped with rough edged, while the TSL-AgNPs are spherical shape with smooth surface. The GMS-AgNP average size (15.8 nm) is smaller than TSL-AgNP (22.4 nm). In addition, antifungal tests using Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum reveal that GMS-AgNPs and TSL-AgNPs can significantly inhibit the proliferation of these fungal strains.

Conclusion: Garcinia mangostana shell and Tradescantia spathacea leaf extract as renewable and eco-friendly resources playing a dual role for nanoparticle biosynthesis create GMS-AgNPs and TSL-AgNPs with high antifungal efficiency for biomedical or agricultural applications.
 

Nguyen, T. H., Fei, H., Sapurina, I., Ngwabebhoh, F. A., Bubulinca, C., Munster, L., ... & Saha, P. (2021). Electrochemical performance of composites made of rGO with Zn-MOF and PANI as electrodes for supercapacitors. Electrochimica Acta, 367, 137563.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137563

Abstract:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have lately obtained great attention of scientists as potential materials applied for supercapacitor electrodes. Due to their crystalline structure, MOFs show proper electrochemical double-layer capacitance at the enlarged specific surface area of the material and the mechanical supports for the composite materials. In this study, Zn-MOF was synthesized and composited with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to be applied as a supercapacitor electrode material. To improve the electrodes working performance, polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by different methods and added to the composite. The electrochemical properties of these materials were studied to identify the effect of PANI and Zn-MOF on the electrode materials. Among the composites obtained, the best specific capacitance of about 372 F/g was obtained at 0.1 A/g charge-discharge analysis of rGO/Zn-MOF@PANI sample due to its large surface with high pores sizes. The capacitance retentions of electrodes were also tested to decipher the effect caused by varied composites fabrication.

Yu, H., Wang, S., Hu, Y., He, G., Parkin, I. P., & Jiang, H. (2020). Lithium-conductive LiNbO3 coated high-voltage LiNi0. 5Co0. 2Mn0. 3O2 cathode with enhanced rate and cyclability. Green Energy & Environment.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gee.2020.09.011

Abstract:

LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) cathode materials can operate at extremely high voltages and have exceptional energy density. However, their use is limited by inherent structure instability during charge/discharge and exceptionally oxidizing Ni4+ at the surface. Herein, we have developed a citrate-assisted deposition concept to achieve a uniform lithium-conductive LiNbO3 coating layer on the NCM523 surface that avoids self-nucleation of Nb-contained compounds in solution reaction. The electrode–electrolyte interface is therefore stabilized by physically blocking the detrimental parasitic reactions and Ni4+ dissolution whilst still maintaining high Li+ conductivity. Consequently, the modified NCM523 exhibits an encouraging Li-storage specific capacity of 207.4 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and 128.9 mAh g−1 at 10 C over the range 3.0–4.5 V. Additionally, a 92% capacity retention was obtained after 100 cycles at 1 C, much higher than that of the pristine NCM523 (73%). This surface engineering strategy can be extended to modify other Ni-rich cathode materials with durable electrochemical performances.

Nguyen, Hoang Chinh, et al. "Bioactive compounds, antioxidants, and health benefits of sweet potato leaves." Molecules 26.7 (2021): 1820.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071820

Abstract:

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the most important food crops worldwide and its leaves provide a dietary source of nutrients and various bioactive compounds. These constituents of sweet potato leaves (SPL) vary among varieties and play important roles in treating and preventing various diseases. Recently, more attentions in health-promoting benefits have led to several in vitro and in vivo investigations, as well as the identification and quantification of bioactive compounds in SPL. Among them, many new compounds have been reported as the first identified compounds from SPL with their dominant bioactivities. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the bioactive compositions of SPL and their health benefits. Since SPL serve as a potential source of micronutrients and functional compounds, they can be further developed as a sustainable crop for food and medicinal industries.

Dao, N. N., Nguyen, T. H. C., Doan, T. D., Pham, N. C., Nguyen, Q. B., Duong, T. L., ... & Tran, D. L. (2021). Effect of CeO2-Fe2O3 coated SiO2 nanoparticles on the thermal stability and UV resistance of polyurethane films. Journal of Polymer Research, 28(4), 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-021-02487-0

Abstract:

In this study, CeO2-Fe2O3 coated SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by a sol–gel process. One of the prepared nanoparticles was applied in a formulation of polyurethane film for automotive applications. The loading of nanoparticle was varied between 0.1% and 2.0%. First, these films' properties were investigated by using FTIR and thermal gravimetric analysis. Next, these films were subjected to UV exposure testing. The structural changes were characterized by applying FTIR analysis and measuring water contact angle, gloss, and colour deviation. The results indicate that incorporating nanoparticles into the polymer matrix improves the UV-resistance properties of the polymer matrix. Additionally, the nanoparticles enhanced the polymer film's thermal stability until the temperature was 320 °C. Above this temperature, nanoparticles were catalytically active, which accelerated polymer's decomposition giving residue of lower weight percentage. Overall, polyurethane films with nanoparticle loading levels from 0.1 to 1.0 wt% gave the best UV-resistance performance.

Phan, VH Giang, et al. "Self-assembled amphiphilic starch based drug delivery platform: Synthesis, preparation, and interactions with biological barriers." Biomacromolecules 22.2 (2020): 572-585.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01430

Abstract:

Core–shell structured nanoparticles (NPs) render the simultaneous coloading capacity of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs and may eventually enhance therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we employed a facile squalenoylation technology to synthesize a new amphiphilic starch derivative from partially oxidized starch, which self-assembled into core–shell starch NPs (StNPs) only at a squalenyl degree of substitution (DoS) of ∼1%. The StNPs characteristics could be tuned as the functions of the polymer molecular weight, DoS, and NPs concentration. The biopharmaceutical features of the StNPs, including colloidal stability, carrier properties, and biocompatibility, were carefully investigated. The interaction study between StNPs and mucin glycoproteins, the main organic component of mucus, revealed a moderate mucin interacting profile. Furthermore, the StNPs also showed good penetration through Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. These results nominate StNPs as a versatile drug delivery platform with potential applications for mucosal drug delivery and the treatment of persistent infections.

Phan, VH Giang, et al. "Development of bioresorbable smart injectable hydrogels based on thermo-responsive copolymer integrated bovine serum albumin bioconjugates for accelerated healing of excisional wounds." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 96 (2021): 345-355.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2021.01.041

Abstract:

One of the major challenges in wound healing is the development of suitable hydrogels that are injectable, biocompatible with multiple functionalities and properties such as high mechanical, tissue adhesiveness, and swelling properties. However, these hydrogels should not elicit any immunological response and synthesis steps should be easier and tunable according to the requirements. Considering these properties, we synthesized a thermo-sensitive triblock copolymer consisting of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein capable of leveraging the needs for a proper wound closure and tissue regeneration on excisional injuries. Firstly, the triblock copolymer consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide (PCLA) was synthesized and then the copolymer was grafted with BSA to yield BSA-PCLA bioconjugates. Aqueous solutions of free-flowing bioconjugate sol at room temperature can transform to gel at physiological temperature with high viscoelastic properties. Subcutaneous injection of BSA-PCLA bioconjugate sol into the back of Sprague-Dawley rats formed gel immediately and found to be bioresorbable after 5 weeks without significant toxicity at implantation sites. BSA-PCLA bioconjugate gel exhibited good adhesive property to major organs including liver, heart, and spleen when compared with control PCLA gel. When tested for in vivo wound closure trials, the BSA-PCLA gels showed rapid wound contraction compared to the PCLA and the control. The increased angiogenesis and collagen deposition were confirmed from the histological studies of the samples. These highly adhesive, biocompatible, biodegradable, thermos-sensitive bioconjugate gels show promising potential in wound healing and tissue regeneration without any additional biofactors or inorganic nanoparticles.

Truong, Dieu‐Hien, et al. "Effects of solvent—solvent fractionation on the total terpenoid content and in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity of Serevenia buxifolia bark extract." Food Science & Nutrition 9.3 (2021): 1720-1735.
 https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2149

Abstract:

Severinia buxifolia (Rutaceae) is often used as a traditional medical plant. The present study was carried out to estimate the effects of solvents (petroleum ether and hexane: ethyl acetate) used in liquid–liquid extraction to total terpenoid content (TTC) and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts obtained from S. buxifolia bark. The results showed that solvent fractionation increased the TTC compared with crude extracts. The hexane: ethyl acetate bark extract fraction (HEF) had the highest TTC (731.48 µg/ml) in comparison with the petroleum ether bark extract fraction (PEF) (564.81 µg/ml) and the crude extract (CE) (184.26 µg/ml). In addition, one of composition of terpenoid of S. buxifolia, namely ursolic acid, was determined by HPLC method from the crude CE and the fractions PEF and HEF: 2.44 μg/g DW, 3.56 μg/g DW and 5.04 μg/g DW, respectively. The samples had an in vitro anti-inflammatory activity comparable with that of two reference standards (aspirin and indomethacin). Particularly, the HEF fraction had the highest in vitro anti-inflammatory activity (i.e., albumin denaturation: IC50 = 147.91 μg/mL, heat-induced hemolysis: IC50 = 159.91 μg/mL, proteinase inhibition: IC50 = 117.72 μg/mL, and lipoxygenase activity: IC50 = 90.45 μg/mL). Besides, the preliminary experiments of this study were conducted to determine the influences of maceration factors (solvent type, temperature, and time) for S. buxifolia bark extract. The TTC ranged from 453.70 to 842.59 mg linalool/g DW, and the extraction yield from 2.40% to 5.120% in all extracts. Based on TTC and EY, the hexane: acetone mixture is recommended as the optimal solvent to obtain the crude bark extract (CE) at 46°C for 24 hr of maceration. Extracts of S. buxifolia bark are a promising source for the treatment

Nguyen, The Hong Phong, et al. "Phytochemicals intended for anticancer effects at preclinical levels to clinical practice: Assessment of formulations at nanoscale for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy." Process Biochemistry 104 (2021): 55-75.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2021.02.004

Abstract:

Over the past few decades, many of the phytochemicals have been shown to possess extraordinary anticancer effects, clinical tested, approved as drugs, and currently in use. A considerable number of phytochemicals either as a single-agent or combined with existing anticancer drugs at pre-clinical and clinical levels have been evaluated to date. However, the clinical trials on phytochemical evaluations against the world's top-ranked cancer, NSCLC, was found to be a very little. Some of the phytochemicals that showed significant anticancer activity against NSCLC in vitro and/or in vivo at the preclinical levels are highlighted in this review article. There are several impediments such as poor solubility, poor bioavailability, low stability, a requirement of high doses, safety and toxicity that limits the wide-spread use of phytochemicals in clinical oncology. Nanotherapeutic systems can help to overcome the aforementioned issues and wide open the gates to focus on phyto-oncotherapy, in particular NSCLC. The current review aims to summarize the importance of phytochemicals as anticancer agents, with a special mention on nano-formulations to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Nguyen, Hao Huy, et al. "Physicochemical properties and photocatalytic de-NOx performance of TiO2 nanostructures via microwave hydrothermal strategy." Optical Materials 114 (2021): 110938.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2021.110938

Abstract:

TiO2 nanostructures have been prepared via microwave hydrothermal process using different NaOH concentrations. The physicochemical properties of the products were systematically investigated by using UV–vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectra, X-ray Photoelectron Spectra, Photoluminescence Spectra, Raman, N2 adsorption-desorption, and Transmission Electron Microscope analysis. The results indicated a close correlation between the NaOH concentration and different types of nanostructured titania products obtained from the microwave-assisted hydrothermal process. At low NaOH concentrations (4 M and 6 M), the precursor TiO2 nanoparticles partially converted into a mixture of one dimensional (1D) nanostructures (e.g., nanorods or nanowires) and 2D nanostructures such as nanosheets. As the NaOH concentration is increased to 8 M and 10 M, the obtained TiO2 products contain nanosheet and nanotube-like structures, respectively, with a significantly larger specific surface area. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized TiO2 products, prepared under different NaOH concentrations, were evaluated through the toxic NOx gas removal efficiencies. The nanostructured TiO2 samples prepared at a higher NaOH concentration have shown improved de-NOx efficiencies than the TiO2–P25 precursor.

Nguyen, M. K., Shih, T. H., Lin, S. H., Lin, J. W., Nguyen, H. C., Yang, Z. W., & Yang, C. M. (2021). Transcription profile analysis of chlorophyll biosynthesis in leaves of wild-type and chlorophyll b-deficient rice (Oryza sativa L.). Agriculture, 11(5), 401.
 https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050401

Abstract:

Photosynthesis is an essential biological process and a key approach for raising crop yield. However, photosynthesis in rice is not fully investigated. This study reported the photosynthetic properties and transcriptomic profiles of chlorophyll (Chl) b-deficient mutant (ch11) and wild-type rice (Oryza sativa L.). Chl b-deficient rice revealed irregular chloroplast development (indistinct membranes, loss of starch granules, thinner grana, and numerous plastoglobuli). Next-generation sequencing approach application revealed that the differential expressed genes were related to photosynthesis machinery, Chl-biosynthesis, and degradation pathway in ch11. Two genes encoding PsbR (PSII core protein), FtsZ1, and PetH genes, were found to be down-regulated. The expression of the FtsZ1 and PetH genes resulted in disrupted chloroplast cell division and electron flow, respectively, consequently reducing Chl accumulation and the photosynthetic capacity of Chl b-deficient rice. Furthermore, this study found the up-regulated expression of the GluRS gene, whereas the POR gene was down-regulated in the Chl biosynthesis and degradation pathways. The results obtained from RT-qPCR analyses were generally consistent with those of transcription analysis, with the exception of the finding that MgCH genes were up-regulated which enhance the important intermediate products in the Mg branch of Chl biosynthesis. These results indicate a reduction in the accumulation of both Chl a and Chl b. This study suggested that a decline in Chl accumulation is caused by irregular chloroplast formation and down-regulation of POR genes; and Chl b might be degraded via the pheophorbide b pathway, which requires further elucidation.

Nguyen, K. M., Zhi-Wei, Y. A. N. G., Tin-Han, S. H. I. H., Szu-Hsien, L. I. N., Jun-Wei, L. I. N., Nguyen, H. C., & Chi-Ming, Y. A. N. G. (2021). Temperature-mediated shifts in chlorophyll biosynthesis in leaves of chlorophyll b-lacking rice (Oryza sativa L.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 49(2), 12306-12306.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha49212306

Abstract:

Extreme temperatures have become a threat to crop yields. To maintain plant growth and yield, chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis plays a crucial role in adaptation to temperature stress. This study investigated the influence of temperature on the biosynthesis and characteristics of pigments (Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoids) in the leaves of Chl b-lacking mutant rice (Chlorina 1, ch1) and wild-type rice (Norin No.8, wt). The ch1 showed thinner stacked grana caused by a decrease in thylakoid membranes per granum at 15 °C, whereas the destacked grana were observed at 35 °C after 12 h incubation. However, the grana are stacked normally, along with the absence of Chl b, and a significantly decreased amount of Chl a in both wt and ch1 were observed after heat stress exposure, demonstrating that light-harvesting complex II proteins are involved in grana stacking. Ch1 was sensitive to 15 °C during the first 4 h of incubation but it subsequently adapted to the cold environment. In addition, there were no significant differences in the photosynthesis between wt and ch1 after 12 h incubation at 35 °C. Differentially expressed gene (DEGs) analysis revealed that GluRS expression decreased, which resulted in a decline in Chl biosynthesis in wt and ch1 at 35 °C. At 8 h and 12 h, there were no significant differences in the expression of DEGs involved in Chl biosynthesis and degradation between wt and ch1 at 15 °C. ALAD expression in wt and ch1 at 15 °C decreased until it was undetectable. These findings suggested that ch1 may adapt to temperatures ranging from 15 °C to 35 °C.

Nguyen, Thanh Mai, and Senaratne L. Ranamukhaarachchi. "Yield evaluation of king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) on wheat straw mix substrates." Research on Crops 22.1 (2021).

Abstract:

King oyster mushroom with aroma has a commercial value in many countries worldwide. Due to increasing demands, researchers pay special attention to utilize suitable raw materials as media for growing this mushroom. This study, as a continuation of several studies, was conducted to identify further inputs for raising productivity of P. eryngii. The raw materials used were local recyclable residues including cardboard (C), spent coffee ground (SCG) and wheat straw (S) as substrates. The main culture was prepared using potato dextrose (PDA) and the spawns were propagated using rye grains. Four substrate formulations (F) were composed for the formation of basidiocarp: viz., F1 (100% S); F2 (50% S + 50% C); F3 (70% S + 30% C), and F4 (50% S + 50% SCG). Duration for spawn run and pinhead formation was recorded. The mean values of the shortest period for running spawn and pinhead initiation were in the substrate formulation F2 (33 and 47 days, respectively), while the longest period was in the substrate F4 with 62 and 78 days, respectively. The mushroom was harvested at the earliest in 60 days in F2, while it took 67 days in the substrate formulation F3 and 71 days in F1.  The highest yield per 500g of the substrate (with 65% moisture) was 131 g in F2 (50% S + 50% C) while no oyster mushroom yield was not produced in the substrate F4 with 50% S+50% SCG.  The results showed that 50% wheat straw + 50% cardboard mixture was by far superior to the other formulations tested. Spent coffee ground failed to support the growth and yield of king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii).

Nguyen, Hoang Chinh, et al. "Microwave‐mediated noncatalytic synthesis of ethyl levulinate: a green process for fuel additive production." International Journal of Energy Research 44.3 (2020): 1698-1708.
https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4985.

Abstract:

This study developed a new catalyst-free process for producing ethyl levulinate, a biofuel additive. Noncatalytic levulinic acid esterification with ethanol using microwave irradiation (MW) was compared with that using traditional heating (TH) under different reaction conditions. The results demonstrated that the esterification process using MW was more effective than that using TH. A reaction conversion of 90.38% was obtained for the esterification using MW at 473 K and reaction time of 3 hours. Moreover, this study established a model for depicting the kinetics of levulinic acid esterification using MW and TH. A good fit to the data (R2 of >.9999) was achieved, indicating the validity of the developed model. The rate constants and pre-exponential factor obtained for the esterification using MW were greater than those obtained using TH. Consequently, the microwave-assisted noncatalytic synthesis is a green and promising method for preparing ethyl levulinate.

Phuong Le Thi, Yunki Lee, Dieu Linh Tran, Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, Jeon Il Kang, Kyung Min Park, Ki Dong Park, “In situ forming and reactive oxygen species-scavenging gelatin hydrogels for enhancing wound healing efficacy.” Acta biomaterialia vol. 103 (2020): 142-152 (ISI, IF: 6.319)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2019.12.009

Abstract:

The overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cancer, and chronic inflammation. Therefore, the development of materials that can locally control the adverse effects resulting from excessive ROS generation is of great significance. In this study, the antioxidant gallic acid-conjugated gelatin (GGA) was introduced into gelatin-hydroxyphenyl propionic (GH) hydrogels to create an injectable hydrogel with enhanced free radical scavenging properties compared to pure GH hydrogels. The modified hydrogels were rapidly formed by an HRP-catalyzed cross-linking reaction with high mechanical strength and biodegradability. The resulting GH/GGA hydrogels effectively scavenged the hydroxyl radicals and DPPH radicals, and the scavenging capacity could be modulated by varying GGA concentrations. Moreover, in an in vitro H2O2-induced ROS microenvironment, GH/GGA hydrogels significantly suppressed the oxidative damage of human dermal fibroblast (hDFBs) and preserved their viability by reducing intracellular ROS production. More importantly, the ROS scavenging hydrogel efficiently accelerated the wound healing process with unexpected regenerative healing characteristics, shown by hair follicle formation; promoted neovascularization; and highly ordered the alignment of collagen fiber in a full-thickness skin defect model. Therefore, we expect that injectable GH/GGA hydrogels can serve as promising biomaterials for tissue regeneration applications, including wound treatment and other tissue repair related to ROS overexpression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recently, many researchers have endeavored to develop injectable hydrogel matrices that can modulate the ROS level to normal physiological processes for the treatment of various diseases. Here, we designed an injectable gelatin hydrogel in which gallic acid, an antioxidant compound, was conjugated onto a gelatin polymer backbone. The hydrogels showed tunable properties and could scavenge the free radicals in a controllable manner. Because of the ROS scavenging properties, the hydrogels protected the cells from the oxidative damage of ROS microenvironment and effectively accelerated the wound healing process with high quality of healed skin. We believe that this injectable ROS scavenging hydrogel has great potential for wound treatment and tissue regeneration, where oxidative damage by ROS contributes to the pathogenesis.

Quoc Hanh Nguyen; Quoc Hai Nguyen; Hur, Jaehyun, "High-performance ZnTe-TiO2-C nanocomposite with half-cell and full-cell applications as promising anode material for Li-Ion batteries", Applied Surface Science 509 (2020) 144718 (ISI, IF: 6.182).

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169433219335342

Abstract:

C-coated ZnTe-TiO2 nanocomposite is successfully synthesized via annealing followed by high-energy mechanical milling. ZnTe-TiO2-C nanocomposite is comprised of intermetallic ZnTe nanoalloy homogeneously distributed in a hybrid matrix of rutile TiO2 and conductive amorphous C. The presence of rutie TiO2 and C significantly improves the electrochemical performance of ZnTe; that is, highly stable cyclic performance (611 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 with ~95% capacity retention over 300 cycles and 492 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 500 cycles) and good rate capability (76% capacity retention at 10 A g−1 compared with the capacity at 0.1 A g−1). The improved electrochemical performance is primarily associated with the TiO2-C hybrid matrix that efficiently surrounds the ZnTe nanocrystallites, thereby providing high electric conductivity and at the same time functioning as a buffering medium that alleviates the large volume change during extended cycling. Furthemore, the practical application of ZnTe-TiO2-C as an anode is investigated with full cell consisting of a ZnTe-TiO2-C anode and a LiFePO4-graphite (LFP@G) cathode. The ZnTe-TiO2-C//LFP@G full cell exhibits good cyclic stability with 79% capacity retention at 0.1 A g−1 after 200 cycles. These results suggest the ZnTe-TiO2-C nanocomposite is a promising candidate for a high-performance anode in next-generation LIBs.

Nguyen QuangKhuyen; Jose G.Martinez; FriedrichKaasik; TarmoTamm; Toribio F.Otero; RudolfKiefer, “Solvent effects on carbide-derived-carbon trilayer bending actuators”, Synthetic Metals 247 (2019), 170-176, (ISI, IF: 3.286).

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0379677918305861

Abstract:

Bending actuators were prepared by depositing carbide-derived carbon, a material typical for electric double layer capacitors, on both sides of poly-vinylidenefluoride membranes, forming CDC-trilayers. Their actuation properties were studied using 0.5 M solutions of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) in different solvents: water, ethylene glycol, acetonitrile, and propylene carbonate. The goal of this work was to study the actuation mechanism, charging-discharging properties in these solvents, as well as to establish the optimal solvent for maximum bending displacement. It was found that while the actuation direction was the same for all solvents, pointing to similar mechanism, the exchanged charge and the displacement differed considerably. Moreover, the highest specific capacitance found in ethylene glycol did not bring along the highest displacement, neither was the highest exchanged charge of propylene carbonate the most efficient option, the acetonitrile was the clear winner. The available electrochemical windows for the reversible charging also differed considerably.

Tran Thien Khanh, Rong-Jer Lee, Paul A. Kilmartin, Md. Asaduzzaman Khan, Mahdi Safaei Khorram, Tarmo Tamm, Rudolf Kiefer, "Actuation increase in polypyrrole bilayer by photo-activated dopants", Synthetic Metals 246 (2018), 57-63, (ISI, IF 3.286)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2018.10.001.

Abstract:

A new methodology to increase the polypyrrole (PPy) bilayer actuation displacement is presented, based on photo-activated dopants generating secondary charges. Two dopants, dodecyl benzenesulfonate (DBS) and the photo-active dopant 2-diazo-1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid (DNSA), were compared in this study. PPy/DBS, PPy/DBS-DNSA and PPy/DNSA bilayers on polyethylene terephthalate were formed and their actuation properties in aqueous electrolyte were investigated applying cyclic voltammetry and square wave potential steps. Exposure to solar irradiation increased PPy/DBS-DNSA and PPy/DNSA bilayer bending displacements by two and three times, respectively, accompanied by increased charge density during the reversible redox cycles. UV–vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements were also performed to follow the photo reaction of the photo-active dopants.

Tran Thien Khanh, Arko Kesküla, Zane Zondaka, Madis Harjo, Alo Kivilo, Mahdi Safaei Khorram, Tarmo Tamm, Rudolf Kiefer, “Role of polymerization temperature on the performance of polypyrrole/dodecyl benzenesulphonate linear actuator”, Synthetic Metals, 247, (2019), 53-58, ISI, IF 3.28 6

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2018.11.013.

Abstract:

Polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzenesulphonate (PPy/DBS) free-standing films were electropolymerized in sodium perchlorate propylene carbonate solution at different temperatures, observing increasing conductivity with decreasing synthesis temperature. Our goal in this study was to evaluate how the linear actuation of PPy depends on the polymerization temperature. The anion driven actuation of materials synthesized at lower temperatures changed to mainly cation active for PPy/DBS films polymerized at 20 °C; the latter films also showed the highest diffusion coefficients. Scanning electron microscopy did show that the surface roughness of the films increased with increasing synthesis temperature, as expected. Isometric and isotonic electro-chemo mechanical deformation (ECMD) measurements were performed with combined electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry), revealing wide differences in the actuation behavior.

"Carbide-derived carbon and poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiphene composite laminate: linear and bending actuation", Synthetic Metals 245 (2018) 67-73 (ISI, IF: 3.286)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0379677918302443

Abstract:

Carbide-derived carbon is a well-known material for ionic electroactive systems like sensors and actuators. Typically, a gold foil or other current collector is applied on top of either side to enhance the conductivity of such laminates. Here, metal foil is replaced by an electrochemically deposited layer of poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT). While lower in conductivity, PEDOT has the advantages of lowered risk of delamination and being electro-chemo-mechanically active itself. Such laminates were tested in both linear actuation mode in lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide propylene carbonate solution (LiTFSI-PC) under isotonic and isometric electro-chemo-mechanical deformation measurements (ECMD), and in bending mode in air using a room-temperature ionic liquid as the electrolyte. The exchanged charge as well as the actuation response of the laminate was dominated by the PEDOT layer, overriding even the actuation direction of the carbon-based layers. The stress of all investigated samples was found in similar range of 30 kPa. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR and energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX).

Minh Nhat Ho, Long Giang Bach, Dai Hai Nguyen, Cong Hao Nguyen, Cuu Khoa Nguyen, Ngoc Quyen Tran, Ngoc Vinh Nguyen, Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, “PEGylated PAMAM dendrimers loading oxaliplatin with prolonged release and high payload without burst effect”, BIOPOLYMERS, 2019, DOI: 10.1002/bip.23272 (ISI, IF: 2.248)

Abstract:

Oxaliplatin (OXA) was coupled to PEGylated polyamidoamine dendrimers of fourth generation (G4‐PEG@OXA) in the comparison to PEGylated ones of odd generation (G3.5‐PEG@OXA). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy were used to confirm the successful incorporation of OXA as well as the synthesis of carrier systems. Both two types of carrier systems exhibited in sphere nanoparticle shape with size of less than 100 nm that was in the range being able to cause toxicity on cancer cells. The average drug loading efficiency (DLE) of G4‐PEG@OXA was obtained at 84.63% that was higher than DLE of G3.5‐PEG of 75.69%. The release kinetic of G4‐PEG@OXA and G3.5‐PEG@OXA did not show any burst release phenomenon while free OXA was released over 40% at the first hour. The sustainable release of OXA was achieved when it was encapsulated in these carriers, but the G4 generation liberated OXA (3.4%‐6.4%) slower than G3.5 one (11.9%‐22.8%). The in vitro cytotoxicities of G4‐PEG@OXA were evaluated in HeLa cell lines using resazurin assay and live/dead staining test. Although the free OXA showed a rather moderate killing ability, the G4‐PEG@OXA still displayed the low viability of HeLa that was better to the result of G3.5‐PEG@OXA due to released OXA amount. The benefit of this system was to overcome the burst release phenomenon to minimize OXA toxicity without compromising its efficiency..

Removal of various contaminants from water by renewable lignocellulose-derived biosorbents: a comprehensive and critical review

Abstract:

Contaminants in water bodies cause potential health risks for humans and great environmental threats. Therefore, the devel- opment and exploration of low-cost, promising adsorbents to remove contaminants from water resources as a sustainable option is one focus of the scientific community. Here, we con- ducted a critical review regarding the application of pristine and modified/treated biosorbents derived from leaves for the removal of various contaminants. These include potentially toxic cationic and oxyanionic metal ions, radioactive metal ions, rare earth elements, organic cationic and anionic dyes, phosphate, ammonium, and fluoride from water media. Similar to lignocellulose-based biosorbents, leaf-based biosorbents exhibit a low specific surface area and total pore volume but have abundant surface functional groups, high concentrations of light metals, and a high net surface charge density. The maximum adsorption capacity of biosorbents strongly depends on the operation conditions, experiment types, and adsorbate nature. The absorption mechanism of contaminants onto biosorbents is complex; therefore, typical experiments used to identify the primary mechanism of the adsorption of contaminants onto biosorbents were thoroughly discussed. It was concluded that byproduct leaves are renew- able, biodegradable, and promising biosorbents which have the potential to be used as a low-cost green alternative to commer- cial activated carbon for effective removal of various contami- nants from the water environment in the real-scale plants.

Balamurugan Shanmugaraj, Lohanathan Bharathi Priya, B. Mahalakshmi, Shanmugam Subbiah, Rouh-Mei Hu, Bharath Kumar Velmurugan, Rathinasamy Baskaran, "Bacterial and viral vectors as vaccine delivery vehicles for breast cancer therapy", Life Sciences 250 (2020) 117550 (ISI, IF: 3.647)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0024320520302988

Abstract:

Breast cancer is the frequently diagnosed cancer among women and it is the most lethal malignancy in women globally. With one million cases every year, breast cancer is the fast-growing cancer type that has a high prevalence rate in young women. The limitations and undesirable side effects of conventional therapies like chemotherapy and radiotherapy on malignant tumors necessitate the development of alternative therapeutic approaches. Gene therapy has emerged as a promising approach to cure a variety of malignant cancer types which involves the delivery of functional gene directly into the target tumor tissue. Efficient gene therapy approach relies on the effective delivery of therapeutic genes to the desired cell type. In this regard, biological and non-biological gene delivery vectors are used to protect the naked foreign DNA to mediate effective tissue entry of the desired gene of interest. In this review, the use of bacterial and viral vectors for breast cancer gene therapy was summarized.

Dieu Linh Tran, Phuong Le Thi, Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, Ki Dong Park, “Graphene Oxide Immobilized Surfaces Facilitate the Sustained Release of Doxycycline for the Prevention of Implant Related Infection”, COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B: BIOINTERFACES, 2019, 181, 576. (ISI, IF: 3.997)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0927776519304072

Abstract:

Preventing implant-associated infection, which can lead to implant failure and increased medical costs, is one of the biggest challenges in the orthopaedic surgeons. Therefore, the development of stable and highly effective surface modifications to increase the antimicrobial properties of implants is required. In this study, graphene oxide (GO-)-immobilized titanium dioxide (TiO₂) was developed to efficiently carry and release antimicrobial drugs. Firstly, tyramine-conjugated GO (GOTA) was synthesized and immobilized onto the surfaces of TiO₂ through tyrosinase (Tyr)-catalyzed oxidative reaction (GOTA/TiO₂). Doxycycline hyclate (Dox) was then loaded onto GOTA/TiO₂ via non-covalent interactions between GO and Dox (Dox/GOTA/TiO₂), including electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking, hydrophobic interaction, and hydrogen bonds. The amount of loaded drug was able to be controlled, reaching a maximum of 36 μg/cm2. in vitro experiments revealed that the sustained release of Dox from the TiO₂ surfaces continued for over 30 days. Compared with bare TiO₂ and GOTA/TiO2, Dox/GOTA/TiO₂ exhibited superior antibacterial activity against both gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, without affecting the viability of human dermal fibroblasts. The obtained results indicated that GO-immobilized TiO₂ is an effective carrier for antimicrobial drug delivery to reduce implant-associated infection through the synergistic antimicrobial effect of GO and the prescribed drugs.

Hoang Chinh Nguyen, My Linh Nguyen, Fu-Ming Wang, Horng-Yi Juan, Chia-Hung Su, "Biodiesel production by direct transesterification of wet spent coffee grounds using switchable solvent as a catalyst and solvent", Bioresource Technology, 296, (2020), 122334 (ISI, IF: 7.539)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960852419315640

Abstract:

Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are a promising material for sustainable preparation of biodiesel. This study pro- posed a new approach for biodiesel synthesis from wet SCGs using 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as both a green solvent and catalyst. The optimal reaction conditions were determined as a methanol amount of 6.25 mL/g of wet SCGs, DBU amount of 14.46 mL/g of wet SCGs, temperature of 60.2 °C, and reaction time of 28.65 min through response surface methodology. Under these conditions, the maximum biodiesel yield was 97.18%. Notably, DBU polarity could be regulated reversibly, facilitating its reusability and a simple process for product separation. Under optimal conditions, DBU could be potentially reused for at least 10 cycles to yield high amounts of biodiesel. This study suggests that the switchable solvent-assisted direct transesterification of wet SCGs is a potential, efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly approach for biodiesel synthesis.

Hao Huy Nguyen, Gobinda Gyawali, Adriana Martinez-Oviedo, Yuwaraj K. Kshetri, Soo Wohn Lee, "Physicochemical properties of Cr-doped TiO2 nanotubes and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells", Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A: Chemistry, (2020) (ISI, IF 3.261)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1010603020303130

Abstract:

Doping is always known as an effective way to modify the properties of a semiconductor. In this work, Cr-doped TiO2 nanotubes (Cr-TNTs) with different Cr contents were synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The changes in crystal structures, chemical and electronic states, and the band gap structure of the obtained Cr-doped TiO2 nanomaterials were analyzed, thereby confirming the effect of the doping on physicochemical properties of the products. Moreover, the existence of Ti3+ sites and oxygen vacancies have significantly influenced the separation of electron-hole pairs as predicted by the photoluminescence spectra. The EIS results indicated that Cr-doping on TNT made a significant contribution to reducing the recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers, leading to a prolonged lifetime of photogenerated electrons. The Cr-TNT based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) containing 7.5 atomic percentage of Cr/Ti has demonstrated the best efficiency on the solar light conversion among the prepared samples.

A sequence-based approach for identifying recombination spots in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using hyper-parameter optimization in FastText and support vector machine

Abstract:

Meiotic recombination is a biological process which plays a crucial role in genetic evolution. Therefore, the ability of machine learning models in extracting desire information embedded in DNA sequences has drawn a great deal of attention among biologists. Recently, several attempts have been made to address this problem, however, the performance results still need to be improved. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between natural language processing model and supervised learning in classifying DNA sequences. The idea is to treat DNA sequences by FastText model, including sub-word information and then use them as features in a suitable supervised learning algorithm. To the end, this hybrid approach helps us classify DNA recombination spots with achieved sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 94.76%, accuracy of 92.6%, and MCC of 0.851. These results have suggested that our newly proposed method is superior to other methods on the same benchmark dataset. This study, therefore, could shed the light on developing the prediction models for recombination spots in particular, and DNA sequences in general.

Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, Van Du Cao, Thi Nhu Quynh Nguyen, Duc Thuan Hoang, Van Cuong Ngo, Dai Hai Nguyen, “Functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles and biomedical applications”, MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: C, 2019, 99, 631.(ISI, IF: 5.88)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0928493117343461

Abstract:

Since the first report in early 1990s, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have progressively attracted the attention of scientists due to their potential applications in physic, energy storage, imaging, and especially in biomedical engineering. Owning the unique physiochemical properties, such as highly porosity, large surface area and pore volume, functionalizable, tunable pore and particle sizes and biocompatibility, and high loading cavity, MSNs offer efficient encapsulation and then controlled release, and in some cases, intracellular delivery of bioactive molecules for biomedical applications. During the last decade, functionalized MSNs that show respond upon the surrounding stimulus changes, such as temperature, pH, redox, light, ultrasound, magnetic or electric fields, enzyme, redox, ROS, glucose, and ATP, or their combinations, have continuously revolutionized their potential applications in biomedical engineering. Therefore, this review focuses on discussion the recent fabrication of functionalized MSNs and their potential applications in drug delivery, therapeutic treatments, diagnostic imaging, and biocatalyst. In addition, some potential clinical applications and challenges will also be discussed.

Minh Nhat Ho, Long Giang Bach, Thi Hiep Nguyen, Minh Hieu Ho, Dai Hai Nguyen, Cuu Khoa Nguyen, Cong Hao Nguyen, Ngoc Vinh Nguyen, Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, “PEGylated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers-based drug loading vehicles for delivering carboplatin in treatment of various cancerous cells”, JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH, 2019, 21, 43. (ISI, IF: 2.009)

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-019-4486-5

Abstract:

The fourth generation (G4) of poly(amidoamine) dendrimer was PEGylated and then physically incorporated with carboplatin to develop the new drug delivery carrier. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were utilized to confirm the successful synthesis and incorporation. The PEGylation leads to increase the particle dimension of G4 dendrimer to 4.04 to 30.67 nm that was still in the effective range for killing cancerous cells. The cytotoxicity on L929 fibroblasts demonstrated that the PEGylation of G4 could eliminate the toxic caused by amine surrounding groups of G4. Three cancerous cells including the cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), the adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549), and the human breast cancer cell line (MCF7) were treated with G4-PEG@CAR as a function of CAR concentrations. The results of resazurin test and live/dead assay indicated that the killing effect of G4-PEG@CAR on three representative cells were achieved and increased following the enhancement of CAR concentration. Furthermore, the better effectiveness of G4-PEG@CAR was achieved on Hela.

Minh Thanh Vu, Long Giang Bach, Duy Chinh Nguyen, Minh Nhat Ho, Ngoc Hoi Nguyen, Ngoc Quyen Tran, Dai Hai Nguyen, Cuu Khoa Nguyen, Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, “Modified Carboxyl-Terminated PAMAM Dendrimers as Great Cytocompatible Nano-Based Drug Delivery System”, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, 2019, 20(8), 2016. (ISI, IF: 4.556)

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/8/2016

Abstract:

Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are extensively researched as potential drug delivery system thanks to their desirable features such as controlled and stable structures, and ease of functionalization onto their surface active groups. However, there have been concerns about the toxicity of full generation dendrimers and risks of premature clearance from circulation, along with other physical drawbacks presented in previous formulations, including large particle sizes and low drug loading efficiency. In our study, carboxyl-terminated PAMAM dendrimer G3.5 was grafted with poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) to be employed as a nano-based drug delivery system with great cytocompatibility for the delivery of carboplatin (CPT), a widely prescribed anticancer drug with strong side effects so that the drug will be effectively entrapped and not exhibit uncontrolled outflow from the open structure of unmodified PAMAM G3.5. The particles formed were spherical in shape and had the optimal size range (around 36 nm) that accommodates high drug entrapment efficiency. Surface charge was also determined to be almost neutral and the system was cytocompatible. In vitro release patterns over 24 h showed a prolonged CPT release compared to free drug, which correlated to the cytotoxicity assay on malignant cell lines showing the lack of anticancer effect of CPT/mPEG-G3.5 compared with CPT.

Ngoc Thuy Trang Le, Van Du Cao, Thi Nhu Quynh Nguyen, Thi Thu Hong Le, Thach Thao Tran, Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, “Soy Lecithin-Derived Liposomal Delivery Systems: Surface Modification and Current Applications”, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, 2019, 20(19), 4706. (ISI, IF: 4.556)

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/19/4706

Abstract:

The development of natural phospholipids for nanostructured drug delivery systems has attracted much attention in the past decades. Lecithin that was derived from naturally occurring in soybeans (SL) has introduced some auspicious accomplishments to the drug carrying aspect, like effectual encapsulation, controlled release, and successful delivery of the curative factors to intracellular regions in which they procure these properties from their flexible physicochemical and biophysical properties, such as large aqueous center and biocompatible lipid, self-assembly, tunable properties, and high loading capacity. Despite the almost perfect properties as a drug carrier, liposome is known to be quite quickly eliminated from the body systems. The surface modification of liposomes has been investigated in many studies to overcome this drawback. In this review, we intensively discussed the surface-modified liposomes that enhancing the targeting, cellular uptake, and therapeutic response. Moreover, the recent applications of soy lecithin-derived liposome, focusing on cancer treatment, brain targeting, and vaccinology, are also summarized.

Using extreme gradient boosting to identify origin of replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via hybrid features

Abstract:

DNA replication is a fundamental task that plays a crucial role in the propagation of all living things on earth. Hence, the accurate identification of its origin could be the key to giving an insightful understanding of the regulatory mechanism of gene expression. Indeed, with the robust development of computational techniques and the abundant biological sequencing data, it has become possible for scientists to identify the origin of replication accurately and promptly. This growing concern has drawn a lot of attention among experts in this field. However, to gain better outcomes, more work is required. Therefore, this study is designed to explore the combination of state-of-the-art features and extreme gradient boosting learning system in classifying DNA sequences. Our hybrid approach is able to identify the origin of DNA replication with achieved sensitivity of 85.19%, specificity of 93.83%, accuracy of 89.51%, and MCC of 0.7931. Evidence is presented to show that our proposed method is superior to the state-of-the-art methods on the same benchmark dataset. Moreover, the research results represent a further step towards developing the prediction models for DNA replication in particular and DNA sequences in general.

Hoang Chinh Nguyen, Hwai Chyuan Ong, Thi Thanh Truc Pham, Thi Kim Khue Dinh, and Chia‐Hung Su, "Microwave‐mediated noncatalytic synthesis of ethyl levulinate: A green process for fuel additive production", International Journal of Energy Research, 44, 3 (2020), 1698-1708 (ISI, IF: 3.741)

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/er.4985

Abstract:

This study developed a new catalyst-free process for producing ethyl levulinate, a biofuel additive. Noncatalytic levulinic acid esterification with ethanol using microwave irradiation (MW) was compared with that using traditional heating (TH) under different reaction conditions. The results demonstrated that the esterification process using MW was more effective than that using TH. A reaction conversion of 90.38% was obtained for the esterification using MW at 473 K and reaction time of 3 hours. Moreover, this study established a model for depicting the kinetics of levulinic acid esterification using MW and TH. A good fit to the data (R2 of >.9999) was achieved, indicating the validity of the developed model. The rate constants and pre-exponential factor obtained for the esterification using MW were greater than those obtained using TH. Consequently, the microwave-assisted noncatalytic synthesis is a green and promising method for preparing ethyl levulinate.

Ngoc Thuy Trang Le, Long Giang Bach, Duy Chinh Nguyen, Tran Hong Xuan Le, Khanh Hung Pham, Dai Hai Nguyen, Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, “Evaluation of Factors Affecting Antimicrobial Activity of Bacteriocin from Lactobacillus plantarum Microencapsulated in Alginate-Gelatin Capsules and Its Application on Pork Meat as a Bio-Preservative”, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 2019, 16(6), E1017 (ISI, IF: 2.849)

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/6/1017

Abstract:

Antimicrobial compounds from traditional fermented foods have shown activity against a wide range of pathogen and spoilage microorganisms for several years. In this study, a Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), isolated from Vietnamese traditional fermented yogurt (Lactobacillus plantarum SC01), was encapsulated in alginate-gelatin (ALG-GEL) and the effect of incubation temperature, medium pH and surfactants were assessed. The aims of this research were to evaluate antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin produced by L. plantarum SC01. Another aim the research was to study the quality of pork meat treated with its Bacteriocin in 2 h as a bio-preservative at different storage times (0 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h) in room temperature, compared to control (treated with salt 40.0%). The antimicrobial activity of L. plantarum SC01 was identified through the inhibition rate of five indicator organisms, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus subtilis by co-culture method. The results showed that L. plantarum SC01 microencapsulated in ALG-GEL (2.5% alginate and 6.0% gelatin, w/v) and 3.0% bacteria supplied into modified MRS medium (MRSOPTSC01) produced highly active compound inhibited the growth of indicator organisms at a density of 104–108 CFU/mL. Antibacterial compounds were highly active in a treatment at 80 °C; not to be affected by pH; affected by surfactant as Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and Tween. Moreover, LAB obtained from this study show the potent Bacteriocin in its usage as a preservative in food.

Vu Minh Thanh, Le Minh Bui, Long Giang Bach, Ngoc Tung Nguyen, Hoa Le Thi, Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, “Origanum majorana L. Essential Oil-Associated Polymeric Nano Dendrimer for Antifungal Activity against Phytophthora infestans”, MATERIALS (Basel), 2019, 12(9), 1446 (ISI, IF: 3.057)

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/9/1446

Abstract:

In this study, the introduction of Origanum majorana L. essential oil into a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) G4.0 dendrimer was performed for creation of a potential nanocide against Phytophthora infestans. The characteristics of marjoram oil and PAMAM G4.0 was analyzed using transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The success of combining marjoram oil with PAMAM G4.0 was evaluated by FT-IR, TGA analysis, and the antifungal activity of this system was also investigated. The results showed that the antifungal activity of oil/PAMAM G4.0 was high and significantly higher than only PAMAM G4.0 or marjoram essential oil. These results indicated that the nanocide oil/PAMAM G4.0 helped strengthen and prolong the antifungal properties of the oil.

Velmurugan BK, Baskaran R, Huang CY. "Detailed insight on β-adrenoceptors as therapeutic targets" Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 117 (2019) 109039 (ISI, IF: 4.545)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109039

Abstract:

Human G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), especially adrenoceptors, play a crucial role in maintaining important physiological activities including cardiovascular and pulmonary functions. Among all adrenoceptors, β-adrenoceptors are the best characterized GPCRs and possess distinctive features as drug targets. Similarly, ligands that activate/deactivate β-adrenoceptors also hold a significant position in the field of biomarker identification and drug discovery. Several studies regarding molecular characterization of the β-adrenoceptor ligands have revealed that ligands with abilities to inhibit basal or intrinsic receptor activity or prevent receptor desensitization are particularly important to efficiently manage detrimental health conditions, including chronic heart failure, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, and diabetes. Given the importance of β-adrenoceptors as molecular targets for many pathological conditions, this review aims to provide a detailed insight on the structural and functional aspects of β-adrenoceptors, with a particular emphasis on their importance as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Seong Han Kim, Thavasyappan Thambi, Jae Seung Lym, V.H. Giang Phan, and Doo Sung Lee, Tunable Engineering of Heparinized Injectable Hydrogels for Affnity-Based Sustained Delivery of Bioactive Factors, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2019, 1900279 (ISI, IF: 3.038)

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mame.201900279

Abstract:

Here, the design of an in situ‐forming injectable hydrogel is reported based on pH‐ and temperature‐responsive copolymers finely engineered with heparin for the sustained delivery of bioactive factors. In order to develop such heparinized injectable hydrogels, pH‐ and temperature‐responsive copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(urethane sulfamethazine) (PEG‐PUSSM) are synthesized and acrylated, and subsequently coupled with thiolated heparin through Michael‐addition reaction. The content of heparin in the bioconjugates (Hep‐PUSSM) is finely tuned to control the release of heparin‐binding bioactive factors. The free‐flowing bioconjugate sols at room temperature transform to stable viscoelastic gel in physiological conditions, indicating that heparin modification does not affect the sol–gel transition. The subcutaneous administration of bioconjugate sols to the dorsal‐region of Sprague‐Dawley rats forms a hydrogel depot and shows controlled degradation. The bioconjugates effectively bind with bioactive factors (VEGF) through simple mixing, and the release is controlled over a period of 4 weeks without an initial burst. As a result, the implantation of VEGF‐loaded bioconjugate gel induces angiogenesis throughout the hydrogel network. The tunable engineering of the injectable hydrogel by heparinization with independent controllable physical properties sustains the release of bioactive factors, indicating that it may be a promising platform for the delivery of bioactive factors.

Hoang Chinh Nguyen, My Linh Nguyen, Shih-Hsiang Liang, Chia-Hung Su, Fu-Ming Wang, "Switchable Solvent-Catalyzed Direct Transesterification of Insect Biomass for Biodiesel Production", BioEnergy Research, 13, (2019), 563-570 (ISI, IF: 2.195) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12155-019-10085-8

Abstract:

DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene), a polarity switchable solvent, has been recognized as a green solvent for oil extrac- tion and as a promising catalyst for transesterification. This paper proposes a novel method that combines the dual functions of DBU in direct transesterification. The effects of reaction parameters on the direct transesterification of black soldier fly larvae with methanol when using DBU as both a catalyst and solvent were investigated, and a 96.2% biodiesel yield was achieved at a DBU-to-biomass ratio of 16:1 (mL/g), methanol-to-biomass ratio of 8:1 (mL/g), temperature of 110 °C, and reaction time of 60 min. Remarkably, because of its polarity reversibility, DBU was easily separated and recovered from the reaction solution through phase separation and could be repeatedly used up to 10 times without a considerable loss of catalytic activity. DBU- catalyzed direct transesterification is a green, promising, and cost-effective approach for biodiesel preparation.

Thien V. Tran, Andrei E. Siniavin, Anh N. Hoang, My T.T. Le, Chuong D. Pham, Trung V. Phung, Khoa C. Nguyen, Rustam H. Ziganshin, Victor I. Tsetlin, Ching-Feng Weng, and Yuri N. Utkin, "Phospholipase A2 from krait Bungarus fasciatus venom induces human cancer cell death in vitro", PeerJ. 2019; 7: e8055.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6896944/

Abstract:

Background
Snake venoms are the complex mixtures of different compounds manifesting a wide array of biological activities. The venoms of kraits (genus Bungarus, family Elapidae) induce mainly neurological symptoms; however, these venoms show a cytotoxicity against cancer cells as well. This study was conducted to identify in Bungarus fasciatus venom an active compound(s) exerting cytotoxic effects toward MCF7 human breast cancer cells and A549 human lung cancer cells. Methods
The crude venom of B. fasciatus was separated by gel-filtration on Superdex HR 75 column and reversed phase HPLC on C18 column. The fractions obtained were screened for cytotoxic effect against MCF7, A549, and HK2 cell lines using colorimetric assay with the tetrazolium dye MTT- 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. The primary structure of active protein was established by ultra high resolution LC-MS/MS. The molecular mechanism of the isolated protein action on MCF7 cells was elucidated by flow cytometry.
Results
MTT cell viability assays of cancer cells incubated with fractions isolated from B. fasciatus venom revealed a protein with molecular mass of about 13 kDa possessing significant cytotoxicity. This protein manifested the dose and time dependent cytotoxicity for MCF7 and A549 cell lines while showed no toxic effect on human normal kidney HK2 cells. In MCF7, flow cytometry analysis revealed a decrease in the proportion of Ki-67 positive cells. As Ki-67 protein is a cellular marker for proliferation, its decline indicates the reduction in the proliferation of MCF7 cells treated with the protein. Flow cytometry analysis of MCF7 cells stained with propidium iodide and Annexin V conjugated with allophycocyanin showed that a probable mechanism of cell death is apoptosis. Mass spectrometric studies showed that the cytotoxic protein was phospholipase A2. The amino acid sequence of this enzyme earlier was deduced from cloned cDNA, and in this work it was isolated from the venom as a protein for the first time. It is also the first krait phospholipase A2 manifesting the cytotoxicity for cancer cells. Keywords: Phospholipase A2, Venom, Krait, Cytotoxicity, Human cancer cells, Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Mass spectrometry

Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, Yunki Lee, Phuong Le Thi, Ki Dong Park, “Engineered horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed hydrogels with high tissue adhesiveness for biomedical applications”, JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, 2019, 78, 34 (ISI, IF: 5.278)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2019.05.026

Abstract:

Adhesive hydrogels offer considerable potential in biomedical applications because of the excellent integration between materials and tissues. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed hydrogelation, with advantages that include ease of handling, simplicity in material design, high biocompatibility, and processability, is becoming a promising candidate to be engineered as an adhesive hydrogel. This review summarizes recent development of HRP-mediated hydrogelation towards the bioadhesive field, and other applications requiring the tissue adhesion of hydrogels. From the viewpoint of adhesive hydrogel designation, the basic chemistry of the adhesive mechanism, combinations of interactions, and currently commercial bioglues are summarized. The review recapitulated the adhesive hydrogel applications, the clinical translation ability, the controlling hydrogelation kinetics, the related physicochemical characteristics, cytotoxicity, and animal studies. Looking to the future, to make more substantial contributions to the bioadhesive field, or to various biomedical applications, higher adhesion should be continuously improved, and greater emphasis should be placed on clinical trials.

Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, Yunki Lee, Phuong Le Thi & Ki Dong Park, "Oxidized Alginate Supplemented Gelatin Hydrogels for the In Situ Formation of Wound Dressing with High Antibacterial Activity", Macromolecular Research 27, (2019), 811-820 (ISI, IF: 1.758)

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13233-019-7115-3

Abstract:

The development of antibacterial wound dressing with easily removable characteristic and highly exudate absorption is becoming a major requirement in the treatment of chronic wounds. In this study, the in situ forming gelatin/oxidized alginate-tyramine hydrogels (GH/OATA) were designed to overcome the current limitations. These hybrid hydrogels were quickly and controllably formed from several seconds to a few minutes by horseradish peroxidase/H2O2. The hybrid hydrogels at the optimal composition of GH/OATA 50/50 v/v showed the unique feature including stiffness being similar to skin, high swelling ratio due to the hydrophilic property of oxidized alginate, low adhesive strength allowing for the easy dressing removal without pain. In addition, the hybrid hydrogels could release the H2O2 amount sustainably to kill bacteria. Furthermore, 3D culture of human dermal fibroblasts inside hybrid hydrogels achieved more than 80% cell proliferation which implies the cell-compatibility.

Nguyen Quang Khuyen, Zane Zondaka, Madis Harjo, Janno Torop, Tarmo Tamm, Rudolf Kiefer, “Comparative Analysis of Fluorinated Anions for Polypyrrole Linear Actuator Electrolytes”, Polymers 11 (2019), 849 (ISI, IF: 3.462)

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/11/5/849

Abstract:

Either as salts or room temperature ionic liquids, fluorinated anion-based electrolytes have been a common choice for ionic electroactive polymer actuators, both linear and bending. In the present work, propylene carbonate solutions of four electrolytes of the three hugely popular anions—triflouromethanesulfonate, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide, and hexafluorophosphate were compared and evaluated in polypyrrole linear actuators. The actuation direction, the characteristics—performance relations influence the behavior of the actuators. Isotonic Electro-chemo-mechanical deformation (ECMD) measurements were performed to study the response of the PPy/DBS samples. The highest strain for pristine PPy/DBS linear actuators was found in range of 21% for LiTFSI, while TBAPF6 had the least cation involvement, suggesting the potential for application in durable and controllable actuators. Interesting cation effects on the actuation of the same anions (CF3SO3−) were also observed.

Dieu-Hien Truong, Dinh Hieu Nguyen, Nhat Thuy Anh Ta, Anh Vo Bui, Tuong Ha Do, and Hoang Chinh Nguyen, "Evaluation of the Use of Different Solvents for phytochemical Constituents, Antioxidants, and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Severinia buxifolia", Journal of Food Quality, Journal of Food Quality, vol. 2019, 2019 (IF: 1.763)

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jfq/2019/8178294/

Abstract:

Severinia buxifolia (Rutaceae) is a promising source of bioactive compounds since it has been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of different solvents on extraction yields, phytochemical constituents and antioxidants, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of S. buxifolia. The results showed that the used solvents took an important role in the yield of extraction, the content of chemical components, and the tested biological activities. Methanol was identified as the most effective solvent for the extraction, resulting in the highest extraction yield (33.2%) as well as the highest content of phenolic (13.36 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoid (1.92 mg QE/g DW), alkaloid (1.40 mg AE/g DW), and terpenoids (1.25%, w/w). The extract obtained from methanol exhibited high capacity of antioxidant (IC50 value of 16.99 μg/mL) and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity (i.e., albumin denaturation: IC50 = 28.86 μg/mL; antiproteinase activity: IC50 = 414.29 μg/mL; and membrane stabilization: IC50 = 319 μg/mL). The antioxidant activity of the S. buxifolia extract was found to be 3-fold higher than ascorbic acid, and the anti-inflammatory activity of S. buxifolia extract was comparable to aspirin. Therefore, methanol is recommended as the optimal solvent to obtain high content of phytochemical constituents as well as high antioxidants and in vitro anti-inflammatory constituents from the branches of S. buxifolia for utilization in pharmacognosy.

Velmurugan, Bharath Kumar et al. “UNC13C Suppress Tumor Progression via Inhibiting EMT Pathway and Improves Survival in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.” Frontiers in oncology, 9 (2019) 728 (ISI, IF: 4.848)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6694713/

Abstract:

Potential function of UNC13C in variety of cancers including, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains obscure. In the present study, immunohistochemical staining in tissue microarrays containing 268 OSCC samples showed that UNC13C protein levels were inversely correlated with AJCC Stage III and IV (P = 0.002) and death (P = 0.0134). Patients with lower UNC13C expression had a significantly shorter survival (P = 0.0231) than those with higher UNC13C expression. We also identified decreased overall UNC13C expression in oral cancer cell lines. In addition, our functional analysis of UNC13C shows that overexpression of UNC13C inhibited migration and invasion capacities of SCC-9 and SAS cells compared with the empty plasmid transfected cells. Further experiments suggested that transcription factors (Slug, Snail, Twist, and ZEB1) and mesenchymal marker (Vimentin) were down regulated and Tight Junction Protein (Claudin1) was up regulated after UNC13C overexpression in SCC9 and SAS cells. The novel role of UNC13C is revealed for the first time in OSCC. In summary, these results suggest that UNC13C as a novel tumor suppressor and an essential regulator of EMT signaling pathway during OSCC progression, and thus it could be used as a target for preventing oral cancer metastasis.

N. T. Nguyen, T. H. M. Phan, T. N. Tran, B. K. Velmurugan and R. Kiefer. 2019. Production of novel bio-flocculants from Klebsiella variicola BF1 using cassava starch wastewater and its application. Current Sciences 117 (1), 121-129. doi: 10.18520/cs/v117/i1/121-129

Abstract:

In this study, Klebsiella variicola BF1 that uses cassa-va starch wastewater to produce flocculants was identified using 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The pure flocculants of strain BF1 could be easily extracted by ethanol precipitation with a high yield of 7.5 g/l. It was mainly composed of 83.1% carbohydrates and 10.6% proteins. The flocculating activity revealed 97.6 ± 0.6% for kaolin suspension at 12.8 mg/l extracted flocculants from strain BF1 and 2.5 g/l CaCl2. Inter-estingly, the flocculating activity was 78% without the addition of metal ions. Furthermore, flocculants of strain BF1 can be effectively applied in the treatment of cassava starch wastewater and municipal wastewater.

Harjo M, Torop J, Järvekülg M, Tamm T, Kiefer R. "Electrochemomechanical Behavior of Polypyrrole-Coated Nanofiber Scaffolds in Cell Culture Medium", Polymers (Basel) 11(6), (2019), 1043. (ISI, IF: 3.426)

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/11/6/1043

Abstract:

Glucose-gelatin nanofiber scaffolds were made conductive and electroactive by chemical (conductive fiber scaffolds, CFS) and additionally electrochemical polypyrrole deposition (doped with triflouromethanesulfonate CF3SO3−, CFS-PPyTF). Both materials were investigated in their linear actuation properties in cell culture medium (CCM), as they could be potential electro-mechanically activated cell growth substrates. Independent of the deposition conditions, both materials showed relatively stable cation-driven actuation in CCM, based on the flux of mainly Na+ ions from CCM. The surprising result was attributed to re-doping by sulfate anions in CCM, as also indicated by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy results. Overall, the electrochemically coated material outperformed the one with just chemical coating in conductivity, charge density and actuation response.

Harjo M, Tamm T, Anbarjafari G, Kiefer R. "Hardware and Software Development for Isotonic Strain and Isometric Stress Measurements of Linear Ionic Actuators", Polymers (Basel) 11(6), (2019), 1054. (ISI, IF: 3.426)

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/11/6/1054

Abstract:

An inseparable part of ionic actuator characterization is a set of adequate measurement devices. Due to significant limitations of available commercial systems, in-house setups are often employed. The main objective of this work was to develop a software solution for running isotonic and isometric experiments on a hardware setup consisting of a potentiostat, a linear displacement actuator, a force sensor, and a voltmeter for measuring the force signal. A set of functions, hardware drivers, and measurement automation algorithms were developed in the National Instruments LabVIEW 2015 system. The result is a software called isotonic (displacement) and isometric (force) electro-chemo-measurement software (IIECMS), that enables the user to control isotonic and isometric experiments over a single compact graphical user interface. The linear ionic actuators chosen as sample systems included different materials with different force and displacement characteristics, namely free-standing polypyrrole films doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonate (PPy/DBS) and multiwall carbon nanotube/carbide-derived carbon (MWCNT-CDC) fibers. The developed software was thoroughly tested with numerous test samples of linear ionic actuators, meaning over 200 h of experimenting time where over 90% of the time the software handled the experiment process autonomously. The uncertainty of isotonic measurements was estimated to be 0.6 µm (0.06%). With the integrated correction algorithms, samples with as low as 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be adequately described.

Cuong V. Nguyen, Hiromichi Nakahara, Osamu Shibata, Chi M.Phan, "Adsorption of sodium iodine at air/water interface", Journal of Molecular Liquids (2020) (ISI, IF: 4.561) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167732219348329

Abstract:

The change in surface potential was measured for NaI solutions. The modelled surface charge was then calculated and compared with molecular simulations. It was found that I− was enhanced at the air/water interface more than Na+. The result, which was confirmed by simulations, was opposite to the previous observation with NaCl. The trend is also consistent with anionic effects: larger and more polar anions adsorbed stronger at the air/water interface. The theoretical model was applied successfully to describe the changes for both systems, which are positive for NaCl and negative for NaI, respectively. The combined results of the two systems also revealed that the self-ionization of pure water induced a positive surface charge at 16.9 mV.

Muhannad K. Zabar, Cuong V. Nguyen*, Chi M. Phan, "Quantifying the influence of salinity on spontaneous emulsification of hydrocarbons", Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, (2020) (ISI, IF: 3.131)

Abstract:

This study has investigated the process of oil-in-water spontaneous emulsification using the hydrophobic force of a non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-114) and inorganic salt additive (NaCl). The cloud point of surfactant solutions with different salt concentrations was examined and show a gradual decrease from 27 °C to 18.5 °C when increasing the salinity from 0 to 5 M. The adsorption of Triton X-114 into the oil-water interface has spontaneously enlarged the surface excess concentration of oil droplet in the system, leading to the decrease in surface tension and the spontaneous formation of oil droplets in water. Increasing the concentration of salt additive caused an increment in ions’ penetration into the hydrophilic layer of surfactants, resulting in the formation of smaller droplets. Increasing the chain-length of the oil from C7 (n-heptane) to C16 (n-hexadecane) produced a decrease of 58.6 % in droplet diameter. According, a newly-proposed model was developed and fitted against experimental data to obtain the best-fitted parameters of maximum droplet size (D0) and ion adsorbent constant (Kion). The data and modelling results verify the influence of the interfacial layer on the emulsions’ size and stability.

Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, Emily H. Pilkington, Dai Hai Nguyen, Jung Seok Lee, Ki Dong Park and Nghia P. Truong, "The Importance of Poly(ethylene glycol) Alternatives for Overcoming PEG Immunogenicity in Drug Delivery and Bioconjugation", Polymers (Basel). 12(2), (2020), 298 (ISI, IF: 3.426) https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/2/298

Abstract:

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is widely used as a gold standard in bioconjugation and nanomedicine to prolong blood circulation time and improve drug efficacy. The conjugation of PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides (DNA, small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA)) and nanoparticles is a well-established technique known as PEGylation, with PEGylated products have been using in clinics for the last few decades. However, it is increasingly recognized that treating patients with PEGylated drugs can lead to the formation of antibodies that specifically recognize and bind to PEG (i.e., anti-PEG antibodies). Anti-PEG antibodies are also found in patients who have never been treated with PEGylated drugs but have consumed products containing PEG. Consequently, treating patients who have acquired anti-PEG antibodies with PEGylated drugs results in accelerated blood clearance, low drug efficacy, hypersensitivity, and, in some cases, life-threatening side effects. In this succinct review, we collate recent literature to draw the attention of polymer chemists to the issue of PEG immunogenicity in drug delivery and bioconjugation, thereby highlighting the importance of developing alternative polymers to replace PEG. Several promising yet imperfect alternatives to PEG are also discussed. To achieve asatisfactory alternative, further joint efforts of polymer chemists and scientists in related fields are urgently needed to design, synthesize and evaluate new alternatives to PEG.

Phuong Le Thi, Yunki Lee, Dieu Linh Tran, Ki Dong Park, Horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed hydrogelation of fish gelatin with tunable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Journal of Biomaterials Applications, 34(9), 1216–1226. (ISI, IF: 2.764)

https://doi.org/10.1177/0885328219899787

Abstract:

Horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed injectable gelatin hydrogels have attracted much attention in various biomedical fields because of their processability, biodegradability, and excellent biocompatibility in promoting cell adhesion and proliferation. However, gelatin derivatives are mainly obtained from mammalian sources (porcine, bovine) with thermal gelation at room temperature, leading to the potential problems in biofabrication applications. Here, we introduce a novel fish gelatin derivative that can be easily dissolved and cross-linked at room temperature by horseradish peroxidase. This system provides thermally stable fish gelatin hydrogels with tunable mechanical and biological properties, comparable to porcine gelatin hydrogels. The properties (gelation time, stiffness, degradation rate) of hydrogels prepared from fish gelatin-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid (FGH) are controllable for suitable applications. Moreover, FGH hydrogels allow human dermal fibroblast cells to adhere, proliferate, and produce the extracellular components. These results suggest horseradish peroxidase-cross-linked FGH as potential hydrogel matrices that can be used as an alternative for mammalian gelatin hydrogels in various biomedical applications.

Kesküla, A.; Heinmaa, I.; Tamm, T.; Aydemir, N.; Travas-Sejdic, J.; Peikolainen, A.-L.; Kiefer, R. "Improving the Electrochemical Performance and Stability of Polypyrrole by Polymerizing Ionic Liquids" Polymers 12 (2020) 136. (ISI, IF: 3.426)

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/1/136

Abstract:

Polypyrrole (PPy) based electroactive materials are important building blocks for the development of flexible electronics, bio-sensors and actuator devices. As the properties and behavior of PPy depends strongly on the operating environment—electrolyte, solvent, etc., it is desirable to plant immobile ionic species into PPy films to ensure stable response. A premade ionic polymer is not optimal in many cases, as it enforces its own structure on the conducting polymer, therefore, polymerization during fabrication is preferred. Pyrrole (Py) was electropolymerized at low temperature together with a polymerizable ionic liquid (PIL) monomer in a one-step polymerization, to form a stable film on the working electrode. The structure and morphology of the PPyPIL films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopy results confirmed the successful polymerization of Py to PPy and PIL monomer to PIL. The presence of (TFSI–) anions that balance the charge in PPyPIL was confirmed by EDX analysis. The electrical properties of PPyPIL in lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide (LiTFSI) aqueous and propylene carbonate solutions were examined with cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry. The blend of PPyPIL had mixed electronic/ionic conductive properties that were strongly influenced by the solvent. In aqueous electrolyte, the electrical conductivity was 30 times lower and the diffusion coefficient 1.5 times higher than in the organic electrolyte. Importantly, the capacity, current density, and charge density were found to stay consistent, independent of the choice of solvent.

Ngoc Thuy Trang Le, Dai Hai Nguyen, Ngoc Hoi Nguyen, Yern Chee Ching, Dong Yen Pham Nguyen, Cuong Quoc Ngo, Hang Nguyen Thi Nhat andThai Thanh Hoang Thi, Silver Nanoparticles Ecofriendly Synthesized by Achyranthes aspera and Scoparia dulcis Leaf Broth as an Effective Fungicide. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 2505. (ISI, IF 2.474)

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/7/2505

Abstract:

This study describes an inexpensive, simple and green method to form silver nanoparticles from different leaf extracts of Achyranthes aspera and Scoparia dulcis plants. The silver nitrate is reduced by Achyranthes aspera and Scoparia dulcis leaf extracts respectively to generate two silver nanoparticle types symbolized as AA.AgNPs and SD.AgNPs. The optical absorption, size and morphology of silver nanoparticles are significantly impacted by extract types. The ultraviolet visible spectrum of AA.AgNPs shows a 433-nm peak being more broadened than that of SD.AgNPs. The Fourier infrared transform spectra of two of these silver nanoparticles revealed that their surface is modified by organic constituents from extracts, and thus they are stabilized in solution without any additional reaction. Images from transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscope indicate that AA.AgNPs are in clusters with the size of 8–52 nm almost possessing oval shape, while SD.AgNPs are smaller size of 5-45 nm separated well in diversified shapes (spherical, triangle, quadrilateral and hexagonal). Moreover, both AA.AgNPs and SD.AgNPs exhibit the highly antifungal effect against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and the most strong impact on Fusarium oxysporum. For these obtained results, two new silver nanoparticles are promising fungicides for various applications of medical and agricultural fields.

Dinh-Chuong Pham, Hoang-Chinh Nguyen, Thanh-Hang Le Nguyen, Hoang-Linh Ho, Thien-Kim Trinh, Jirawat Riyaphan, and Ching-Feng Weng, "Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Celastrus hindsii Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities", BioMed Research International, Volume 2020 |Article ID 3497107

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2020/3497107/

Abstract:

Celastrus hindsii is a potential source of flavonoids with biological activities. This study aimed to develop an ultrasound-assisted technique for extracting flavonoids from leaves of C. hindsii. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction conditions for maximizing the total flavonoid content (TFC). A maximum TFC of 23.6 mg QE/g was obtained under the extraction conditions of ultrasonic power of 130 W, extraction temperature of 40°C, extraction time of 29 min, and ethanol concentration of 65%. The flavonoid-rich extracts were then studied for their antioxidant and anticancer activities. The results showed that the C. hindsii leaf extract exhibited potent radical scavenging activities against DPPH (IC50 of 164.85 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 of 89.05 μg/mL). The extract also significantly inhibited the growth of 3 cancer cell lines MCF7, A549, and HeLa with the IC50 values of 88.1 μg/mL, 120.4 μg/mL, and 118.4 μg/mL, respectively. Notably, the extract had no cytotoxicity effect on HK2 normal kidney cell line. This study suggests that flavonoid-rich extract is a promising antioxidant and anticancer agent and that ultrasound-assisted extraction is an efficient method for extracting flavonoids from C. hindsii leaves.

Quoc Hai Nguyen, Seongjoon So, Quoc Hanh Nguyen, Il Tae Kim, Jaehyun Hur, "Mechanochemical synthesis of InP nanoparticles embedded in hybrid conductive matrix for high-performance lithium-ion batteries", Chemical Engineering Journal, 399 (2020) 125826 (ISI IF: 10.652.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1385894720319549

Abstract:

InP nanoparticles distributed in a TiO2-C hybrid matrix (InP@TiO2-C) are proposed as a promising anode material for Li-ion batteries. A primary mechanochemical process on the precursor materials (In2O3, Ti, and P) leads to the formation of InP and TiO2 nanocrystal particles. The introduction of carbon during secondary ball milling results in the formation of InP nanoparticles that are embedded in the TiO2-C hybrid conductive matrix (InP@TiO2-C); this is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy-dispersive X-ray characterizations. As an anode material, InP@TiO2-C exhibits impressive electrochemical performance in both half- and full-cell batteries. Various ex situ analyses including XRD, high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), and XPS were synergistically used to demonstrate the mechanism of lithium-ion storage for the InP@TiO2-C electrode during the electrochemical reaction, and to elucidate the roles of active InP particles and the TiO2-C buffering hybrid matrix. Consequently, as an anode for half-cell batteries, the InP@TiO2-C delivers a high reversible capacity (~850 mAh g−1 after 120 cycles at 0.1 mA g−1), excellent life span at 0.5 A g−1 (~750 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles), and high rate capability (85% capacity retention at 10 A g−1 compared with that at 0.1 A g−1). Moreover, as an anode for practical full-cell batteries with LiFePO4@graphite cathodes, it delivers a promising initial energy density of 214 Wh kg−1 (based on the total mass of the anode and cathode) and a good stability (retention of 61%) over 150 cycles.

Nguyen Quang Khuyen, Rudolf Kiefer, Fred Elhi, Gholamreza Anbarjafari, Jose G Martinez, Tarmo Tamm, “A Biomimetic Approach to Increasing Soft Actuator Performance by Friction Reduction”, Polymers 12 (2020), 1120 (ISI, IF: 3.462). https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/5/1120/htm

Abstract:

While increasing power output is the most straight-forward solution for faster and stronger motion in technology, sports, or elsewhere, efficiency is what separates the best from the rest. In nature, where the possibilities of power increase are limited, efficiency of motion is particularly important; the same principle can be applied to the emerging biomimetic and bio-interacting technologies. In this work, by applying hints from nature, we consider possible approaches of increasing the efficiency of motion through liquid medium of bilayer ionic electroactive polymer actuations, focusing on the reduction of friction by means of surface tension and hydrophobicity. Conducting polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bilayers were chosen as the model actuator system. The actuation medium consisted of aqueous solutions containing tetramethylammonium chloride and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate in different ratios. The roles of ion concentrations and the surface tension are discussed. Hydrophobicity of the PET support layer was further tuned by adding a spin-coated silicone layer to it. As expected, both approaches increased the displacement—the best results having been obtained by combining both, nearly doubling the bending displacement. The simple approaches for greatly increasing actuation motion efficiency can be used in any actuator system operating in a liquid medium.

S.Arokiyaraj, R.Varghese, B.Ali Ahmed, V.Duraipandiyan, N.A.Al-Dhabi, "Optimizing the fermentation conditions and enhanced production of keratinase from Bacillus cereus isolated from halophilic environment", 26 (2019), 378-381 (ISI, IF: 2.802)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X18302407

Abstract:

Keratinase degrading Bacillus cereus was isolated from the halophilic environment in Tamilnadu, India and keratinase production was optimized using wheat bran substrate. Of the screened bacterial isolates, four were found to have the ability to produce keratinolytic enzyme. The process parameters were optimized using one-variable-at-a-time approach and response surface methodology. Supplementation of 1% lactose supported more keratinase production (120 U/g). Among the selected nitrogen sources, addition of casein significantly enhanced maximum keratinase production (132.5 U/g). Among the ions, manganese chloride significantly enhanced keratinsase production (102.6 U/g), however addition of zinc sulphate and copper sulphate decreased keratinase production. The maximum keratinase production was obtained in the wheat bran medium containing 1% lactose, 0.5% manganese with 80% moisture (292 U/g). Statistics based contour plots were generated to explore the variations in the response surface and to find the relationship between the keratinase yield and the bioprocess conditions.

Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, Diem-Huong Tran Nguyen, D.T.D Nguyen, Dai Hai Nguyen, Minh-Dung Truong, "Decellularized Porcine Epiphyseal Plate-Derived Extracellular Matrix Powder: Synthesis and Characterization", Cells Tissues Organs, (2020), DOI: 10.1159/000507552 (ISI, IF: 2.064)

https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/507552

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to develop a porcine epiphyseal plate-derived extracellular matrix powder (PEPEP) for epiphyseal plate regeneration. PEPEP was characterized by chemical assay to determine the contents of DNA and epiphyseal plate complex chemical components (glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline). The effects of PEPEP on the viability, proliferation, and differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were also evaluated. hBMSCs cultured in PEPEP exhibited a good distribution with excellent viability after 72 h, demonstrating the ability of PEPEP to support hBMSC proliferation. At week 4 and 6 in vitro, the PEPEP + hBMSCs structure showed chondrogenic ability and an increase in expression of collagen type I, type II, and type X. PEPEP showed a promising ability to enhance cartilage formation and promote chondrocyte differentiation, maturation, and hypertrophy. The results provide insights into the feasibility of PEPEP as a potential material for tissue engineering applications.

Hoang Chinh Nguyen, Fu-Ming Wang, Kim Khue Dinh, Thanh Truc Pham, Horng-Yi Juan, Nguyen Phuong Nguyen, Hwai Chyuan Ong, Chia-Hung Su, "Microwave-Assisted Noncatalytic Esterification of Fatty Acid for Biodiesel Production: A Kinetic Study", Energies, 13, 9, (2020), 2167 (ISI, IF: 2.702)

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/9/2167

Abstract:

This study developed a microwave-mediated noncatalytic esterification of oleic acid for producing ethyl biodiesel. The microwave irradiation process outperformed conventional heating methods for the reaction. A highest reaction conversion, 97.62%, was achieved by performing esterification with microwave irradiation at a microwave power of 150 W, 2:1 ethanol:oleic acid molar ratio, reaction time of 6 h, and temperature of 473 K. A second-order reaction model (R2 of up to 0.997) was established to describe esterification. The reaction rate constants were promoted with increasing microwave power and temperature. A strong linear relation of microwave power to pre-exponential factors was also established, and microwave power greatly influenced the reaction due to nonthermal effects. This study suggested that microwave-assisted noncatalytic esterification is an efficient approach for biodiesel synthesis

Dinh Tien Dung Nguyen, Long Giang Bach, Thi Hiep Nguyen, Minh Hieu Ho, Minh Nhat Ho, Dai Hai Nguyen, Cuu Khoa Nguyen & Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, Preparation and characterization of oxaliplatin drug delivery vehicle based on PEGylated half-generation PAMAM dendrimer", Journal of Polymer Research, 26, 2019), 116 (ISI, IF: 2.426)

ttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-019-1779-4

Abstract:

Dendrimers were well-known as a polymeric nanoparticle drug carrier system. Among them, polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were firstly and systematically studied. Herein, to explore the additional modification of PAMAM for drug deliver application, this study assessed the PEGylated half-generation G3.5 to load oxaliplatin (OXA). The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to confirm the successful synthesis of G3.5, and PEGylated G3.5. PEG modification on G3.5 neutralized the negative charge of G3.5 that was confirmed by zeta potential measurement, and increased the dimension of G3.5 from 10 to 100 nm that was carried out by TEM technique. G3.5-PEG showed the high drug loading efficiency of 75.69%. The release kinetic of OXA from G3.5-PEG@OXA indicated that no burst released phenomenon occurred (11.95% within first hour) and sustainable release was achieved. In cytotoxicity test with normal cells of L929 fibroblasts, the carrier system of G3.5-PEG did not induced any cytotoxicity. To test the killing effect of G3.5-PEG@OXA on cancerous cells of human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), lung adenocarcinoma (A549), and breast cancer (MCF-7), resazurin test and live/dead staining assay was used to observe the alive cells. The increase of OXA amount in G3.5-PEG@OXA lead to decrease the cell viability from 79.90–56.97% (HeLa), 84.80–64.00% (A549), and 92.00–65.00% (MCF-7) after 48 h treatment.

Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, Diem-Huong Nguyen Tran, Long Giang Bach, Hieu Vu-Quang, Duy Chinh Nguyen, Ki Dong Park, Dai Hai Nguyen, Functional Magnetic Core-Shell System-Based Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Coated with Biocompatible Copolymer for Anticancer Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics. 2019;11(3):120. (ISI, IF: 4.421) https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/11/3/120

Abstract:

Polymer coating has drawn increasing attention as a leading strategy to overcome the drawbacks of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. In this study, SPIONs were modified with heparin-Poloxamer (HP) shell to form a SPION@HP core-shell system for anticancer drug delivery. The obtained formulation was characterized by techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed the successful attachment of HP shell on the surface of SPION core and the inability to cause considerable effects to the crystal structure and unique magnetic nature of SPION. The core-shell system maintains the morphological features of SPIONs and the desired size range. Notably, Doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, was effectively entrapped into the polymeric shell of SPION@HP, showing a loading efficiency of 66.9 ± 2.7% and controlled release up to 120 h without any initial burst effect. Additionally, MTT assay revealed that DOX-loaded SPION@HP exerted great anticancer effect against HeLa cells and could be safely used. These results pave the way for the application of SPION@HP as an effective targeted delivery system for cancer treatment.

Dai Hai Nguyen, Jung Seok Lee, Ki Dong Park, Yern Chee Ching, Xuan Nguyen Thi, V.H. Giang Phan, Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, "Green Silver Nanoparticles Formed by Phyllanthus urinaria, Pouzolzia zeylanica, and Scoparia dulcis Leaf Extracts and the Antifungal Activity", 10(3), (2020), 542 (ISI, IF: 4.324)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7153602/

Abstract:

Phytoconstituents presenting in herbal plant broths are the biocompatible, regenerative, and cost-effective sources that can be utilized for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Different plant extracts can form nanoparticles with specific sizes, shapes, and properties. In the study, we prepared silver nanoparticles (P.uri.AgNPs, P.zey.AgNPs, and S.dul.AgNPs) based on three kinds of leaf extracts (Phyllanthus urinaria, Pouzolzia zeylanica, and Scoparia dulcis, respectively) and demonstrated the antifungal capacity. The silver nanoparticles were simply formed by adding silver nitrate to leaf extracts without using any reducing agents or stabilizers. Formation and physicochemical properties of these silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. P.uri.AgNPs were 28.3 nm and spherical. P.zey.AgNPs were 26.7 nm with hexagon or triangle morphologies. Spherical S.dul.AgNPs were formed and they were relatively smaller than others. P.uri.AgNPs, P.zey.AgNPs and S.dul.AgNPs exhibited the antifungal ability effective against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum, demonstrating their potentials as fungicides in the biomedical and agricultural applications.

Ngoc Thuy Trang Le, Thi Nhu Quynh Nguyen, Van Du Cao, Duc Thuan Hoang, Van Cuong Ngo, Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, "Recent Progress and Advances of Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Dendrimers in Drug Delivery for Cancer Treatment." Pharmaceutics 2019, 11, 591. (ISI, IF: 4.421) https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/11/11/591

Abstract:

Despite the fact that nanocarriers as drug delivery systems overcome the limitation of chemotherapy, the leakage of encapsulated drugs during the delivery process to the target site can still cause toxic effects to healthy cells in other tissues and organs in the body. Controlling drug release at the target site, responding to stimuli that originated from internal changes within the body, as well as stimuli manipulated by external sources has recently received significant attention. Owning to the spherical shape and porous structure, dendrimer is utilized as a material for drug delivery. Moreover, the surface region of dendrimer has various moieties facilitating the surface functionalization to develop the desired material. Therefore, multi-stimuli-responsive dendrimers or ‘smart’ dendrimers that respond to more than two stimuli will be an inspired attempt to achieve the site-specific release and reduce as much as possible the side effects of the drug. The aim of this review was to delve much deeper into the recent progress of multi-stimuli-responsive dendrimers in the delivery of anticancer drugs in addition to the major potential challenges.

Cuong V. Nguyen, Hiromichi Nakahara, and Chi M. Phan, "Surface Potential of the Air/Water Interface", Journal of Oleo Science (2020) (ISI, IF: 1.208)

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jos/69/6/69_ess20024/_article

Abstract:

The surface charge/surface potential of the air/water interface plays a key role in many natural and industrial processes. Since the first decade of the 20th century, there are many theoretical proposals to describe the surface charge in the presence of different moieties. However, a complete and consistent description of the interfacial layer remains elusive. More recently, the theoretical frameworks and experimental data get complementary support from the simulation at a molecular level. This paper reviews the recent developments from the theoretical, experimental and simulation aspects. The combined results indicated that the interaction between hydration shells of adsorbed ions and the H-bonds network of surface water plays a critical role in the ionic adsorption. The factor should be incorporated into the conventional theories to correctly predict the ion distribution near the air/water surface.

Ngoc Thuy Trang Le, Binh T.D. Trinh, Dai Hai Nguyen, Lam Dai Tran, Cuong Hung Luu, Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, "The Physicochemical and Antifungal Properties of Eco-friendly Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Psidium guajava Leaf Extract in the Comparison With Tamarindus indica" Journal of Cluster Science (2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-020-01823-6

Abstract:

The green synthesized silver nanoparticles get much attention because of less toxicity, friendly environmental method, and their potential properties in various applications. Herein, the silver nanoparticles named as P.Gua-AgNPs or T.Ind-AgNPs are respectively fabricated by the oxidation–reduction reactions between silver ion and Psidium guajava or Tamarindus indica leaf extract. The Ultraviolet–visible spectrum of P.Gua-AgNPs appears the 429-nm peak while the peak of T.Ind-AgNPs is at 491 nm. The transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscope images show the P.Gua-AgNPs are spherical, triangular and plate-like polyshaped morphology in 5–53 nm, the T.Ind-AgNPs have spherical shape in 12–91 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectra reveal that the particle surface contains the organic functional groups that is consisted with the elemental analysis from the energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicating the presence of C, O and Ag. So the Psidium guajava leaf extract containing abundant polyphenols, polyols, aldehyde content, and sulfur compounds creates the P.Gua-AgNPs with smaller size, narrower distribution, more diversified morphology than T.Ind-AgNPs fabricated from Tamarindus indica leaf extract being rich of organic acid and vitamin C. In addition, T.Ind-AgNPs and P.Gua-AgNPs show the highly antifungal ability against Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus.

Velmurugan BK, Wang HK, Chung CM, et al. "CIP2A overexpression in Taiwanese oral cancer patients" Cancer Management and Research,11 (2019) 2589-2594. (ISI, IF: 2.886) https://www.dovepress.com/cip2a-overexpression-in-taiwanese-oral-cancer-patients-peer-reviewed-article-CMAR

Abstract:

Introduction: Oral cancer is a prevalent form of cancer worldwide, particularly in Taiwan, and mechanisms involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression remain relatively unknown. Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), an oncoprotein, is aberrantly expressed in many human malignant tumors including oral cancer. However, the expression and role played by CIP2A in oral cancer pathogenesis remain obscure. Methods: In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to analyze CIP2A expression between OSCC tissues and their adjacent noncancerous tissues. Furthermore, associations between CIP2A expression and histopathological parameters were investigated. Results: In this study, we showed that CIP2A was overexpressed in most of the OSCC tissues. High CIP2A expression was significantly associated with moderate/poor tumor differentiation (P=0.02). No significant association was found between CIP2A expression and other clinical parameters. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that high CIP2A expression showed poorer survival rates than those with low CIP2A expression (P=0.047). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that CIP2A expression, N stage, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and clinical therapy were independent prognostic factors for survival. Conclusion: Thus, our study suggests that CIP2A is an independent prognostic marker for OSCC and a novel target for OSCC treatment.

Lin SH, Wang HK, Yeh KT, Tai HC, Wang HY, Huang LR, Chiu CW, Chung CM, Velmurugan BK. "c-MYC expression in T (III/IV) stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients" Cancer Manag Res. 11 (2019) 5163-5169 (ISI, IF: 2.886). https://doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S201943

Abstract:

Purpose: c-MYC has been noted in many tumor types, but its functional significance and clinical utility in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are not well known. Here we studied the expression of c-MYC in correlation to clinical outcome in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: The current study, using immunohistochemical staining, first examined c-MYC expression in OSCC patients and further correlated its expression with clinicopathological parameters. Results: c-MYC was expressed in the majority of OSCC patients (n=133). The c-MYC expression is associated with histological grade (P=0.0205) of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that TN stage (P<0.001),American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC) stage (P<0.0001), and tumor differentiation (P=0.0025) were independent factors for overall survival in patients with OSCC except for c-MYC expression (P>0.05). Multiplicative-scale interaction between T stage (III/IV) and low c-MYC expression on mortality risk was identified (P=0.0233). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that oral cancer patients (T III/IV stage) with high c-MYC expression had better survival than those with low and medium c-MYC expression (P=0.0270). Conclusion: Our data indicate that c-MYC is a potential biomarker that can be used as a therapeutic target for treating OSCC patients with T stage (III/IV).

Dai Hai Nguyen, Long Giang Bach, Diem-Huong Nguyen Tran, Van Du Cao, Thi Nhu Quynh Nguyen, Thi Thu Hong Le, Thach Thao Tran, Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, "Partial Surface Modification of Low Generation Polyamidoamine Dendrimers: Gaining Insight into their Potential for Improved Carboplatin Delivery", Biomolecules, 9(6),(2019), 214 (ISI, IF: 4.082) https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/6/214

Abstract:

Carboplatin (CAR) is a second generation platinum-based compound emerging as one of the most widely used anticancer drugs to treat a variety of tumors. In an attempt to address its dose-limiting toxicity and fast renal clearance, several delivery systems (DDSs) have been developed for CAR. However, unsuitable size range and low loading capacity may limit their potential applications. In this study, PAMAM G3.0 dendrimer was prepared and partially surface modified with methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) for the delivery of CAR. The CAR/PAMAM G3.0@mPEG was successfully obtained with a desirable size range and high entrapment efficiency, improving the limitations of previous CAR-loaded DDSs. Cytocompatibility of PAMAM G3.0@mPEG was also examined, indicating that the system could be safely used. Notably, an in vitro release test and cell viability assays against HeLa, A549, and MCF7 cell lines indicated that CAR/PAMAM G3.0@mPEG could provide a sustained release of CAR while fully retaining its bioactivity to suppress the proliferation of cancer cells. These obtained results provide insights into the potential of PAMAM G3.0@mPEG dendrimer as an efficient delivery system for the delivery of a drug that has strong side effects and fast renal clearance like CAR, which could be a promising approach for cancer treatment.

Yuh-Ming Fuh, Dinh-Chuong Pham, and Ching-Feng Weng, "Effects of Sting Plant Extracts as Penetration Enhancers on Transdermal Delivery of Hypoglycemic Compounds", Medicina 2019, 55(5), 121.

https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/55/5/121

Abstract:

Background and objectives: The percutaneous route is an interesting and inventive investigation field of drug delivery. However, it is challenging for drug molecules to pass through the skins surface, which is a characterized by its permeability barrier. The purpose of this study is to look at the effect of some penetration enhancers on in vivo permeation of insulin and insulin sensitizers (curcumin and rutin) through diabetes-induced mouse skin. Materials and Methods: Sting crude extracts of Dendrocnide meyeniana, Urtica thunbergiana Sieb. and Zucc, and Alocasia odora (Lodd.) Spach were used as the penetration enhancers. Mouse skin irritation was tested by smearing the enhancers for the measurements at different time points and the cell viability of the HaCaT human skin keratinocytes, which was determined by Trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays to evaluate human biosafety for these extracts after the mouse skin permeation experiments. Results: All enhancers induced a slight erythema without edema on the mouse skin that completely recovered after 6 h from the enhancer smears as compared with normal mouse skin. Furthermore, no damaged cells were found in the HaCaT keratinocytes under sting crude extract treatments. The blood sugar level in the diabetic mice treated with the insulin or insulin sensitizers, decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the presence of enhancers. The area under the curve (AUC) values of transdermal drug delivery (TDD) ranged from 42,000 ± 5000 mg/dL x min without enhancers, to 30,000 ± 2000 mg/dL x min in the presence of enhancers. Conclusions: This study exhibited that natural plant extracts could be preferred over the chemically synthesized molecules and are safe and potent penetration enhancers for stimulating the transdermal absorption of drugs. Keywords: transdermal; permeation enhancers; skin permeation; oral glucose tolerance test; diabetes mellitus

B. Mahalakshmi, Rathinasamy Baskaran, M. Shanmugavadivu, Ngoc Tuan Nguyen & Bharath Kumar Velmurugan "Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1): a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for neuroendocrine tumors" Cellular Oncology 43 (2020) 367–376 . (ISI, IF: 5.304) https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-020-00505-9

Background

Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1), a transcriptional regulator with a zinc-finger DNA-binding domain, has been validated as a cytoplasmic marker for neuroendocrine differentiation of tumor cells. Next to its abundant expression in the fetal pancreas, it is expressed in brain tumors, pheochromocytomas, medullary thyroid carcinomas, insulinomas and pituitary and small-cell lung carcinomas. INSM1 is not expressed in normal adult tissues and/or most non-neuroendocrine tumors. It regulates various downstream signaling pathways, including the Sonic Hedgehog, PI3K/AKT, MEK/ERK1/2, ADK, p53, Wnt, histone acetylation, LSD1, cyclin D1, Ascl1 and N-Myc pathways. Although INSM1 appears to be a subtle and specific biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors, its role in tumor development has remained unclear.

Conclusions: Here, we highlight INSMI expression, as well as its diagnostic significance and use as a therapeutic target in various neuroendocrine tumors. Targeting signaling pathways or gene expression alterations associated with INSM1 expression may be instrumental for the design of novel therapeutic strategies for neuroendocrine tumors.

Velmurugan, B.K.; Lin, J.-T.; Mahalakshmi, B.; Chuang, Y.-C.; Lin, C.-C.; Lo, Y.-S.; Hsieh, M.-J.; Chen, M.-K. "Luteolin-7-O-Glucoside Inhibits Oral Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Regulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway" Biomolecules. 10(4) (2020) 502. (ISI, IF: 4.082)

https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/4/502

Abstract:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common type of cancer globally, which is associated with high rates of cancer-related deaths. Metastasis to distant organs is the main reason behind worst prognostic outcome of oral cancer. In the present study, we aimed at evaluating the effects of a natural plant flavonoid, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, on oral cancer cell migration and invasion. The study findings showed that in addition to preventing cell proliferation, luteolin-7-O-glucoside caused a significant reduction in oral cancer cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, luteolin-7-O-glucoside caused a reduction in cancer metastasis by reducing p38 phosphorylation and downregulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression. Using a p38 inhibitor, SB203580, we proved that luteolin-7-O-glucoside exerts anti-migratory effects by suppressing p38-mediated increased expression of MMP-2. This is the first study to demonstrate the luteolin-7-O-glucoside inhibits cell migration and invasion by regulating MMP-2 expression and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in human oral cancer cell. The study identifies luteolin-7-O-glucoside as a potential anti-cancer candidate that can be utilized clinically for improving oral cancer prognosis.

Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, Le Hoang Sinh, Dai Phu Huynh, Dai Hai Nguyen, Cong Huynh, "Self-Assemblable Polymer Smart-Blocks for Temperature-Induced Injectable Hydrogel in Biomedical Applications" 8:19 (2020) (ISI, IF: 3.693)

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2020.00019/full

Abstract:

Self-assembled temperature-induced injectable hydrogels fabricated via self-assembly of polymer smart-blocks have been widely investigated as drug delivery systems and platforms for tissue regeneration. Polymer smart-blocks that can be self-assembly play an important role in fabrication of hydrogels because they can self-assemble to induce the gelation of their copolymer in aqueous solution. The self-assembly occurs in response to an external stimulus change, such as temperature, pH, glucose, ionic strength, light, magnetic field, electric field, or their combination, which results in property transformations like hydrophobicity, ionization, and conformational change. The self-assembly smart-block based copolymers exist as a solution in aqueous media at certain conditions that are suitable for mixing with bioactive molecules and/or cells. However, this solution turns into a hydrogel due to the self-assembly of the smart-blocks under exposure to an external stimulus change in vitro or injection into the living body for a controllable release of loaded bioactive molecules or serving as a biomaterial scaffold for tissue regeneration. This work reports current scenery in the development of these self-assembly smart-blocks for fabrication of temperature-induced injectable physically cross-linked hydrogels and their potential application as drug delivery systems and platforms for tissue engineering.

Thien Khanh Tran, Hoang Jyh Leu, Trong Quyet Vu, Minh Tam Nguyen, Tuyet Anh Pham, Rudolf Kiefer, " Hydrogen production from the tannery wastewater treatment by using agriculture supports membrane/adsorbents electrochemical system, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ", Volume 45, Issue 6, (2020), 3699-3711, (ISI, IF 4.939)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.05.040.

Abstract:

The tannery is one of the oldest and most popular industries in the world. It is also characterized as pollutants generated industries which discharge toxic chemical output effluents to the environment. The process of tannery included a wide variety of chemical and inorganic constituents. This work focused on the removal of Chromium heavy metals as well as producing clean energy from the treatment of tannery wastewater. Accordingly, the analysis result on the input effluents appeared to have a brown color with a very high COD value, a high concentration of Chromium heavy metals as well as other organic compounds. After collected from the source, the effluents were settling and applied a simple subsequent filtration with lab scale cloth filter, the filtered effluents then were treated in an electrochemical system. Throughout many experiments, we introduce an electrochemical system with 5 × 5 cm electrodes (Platinum coated panel anode and carbon fiber cloth cathode), the low input voltage (10 V), easy setup and the support of separator membrane/adsorbents placed in the middle of the system to enhance the removal rates of heavy metals. It was found that the performance of the electrochemical system is under the influence of various factors such as temperature, pH value, adsorbents dose, and apply voltage. During 48 h of treatment, almost 80% of Chromium metals were treated by means of adsorption and electrical reduction process. The generation rate of hydrogen gases during the electrolysis process was also notable (45–65 cc/min). Furthermore, the adsorbent materials were still intact and seem to be ready for a longer run. The study also observed the adsorbent membrane of bagasse and straw showed their best removal efficiencies over other candidates. In that manner, we successfully provide an effective method for heavy metals removal and also capable of generating clean energy. The analysis results clarify that most of the parameters of the physical and chemical result were found well below the prescribed permissible limits of discharged effluents follows the standard of industrial waste management in Vietnam.

Minh-Vien Le, Tuan-Anh Nguyen and T.-Anh-Nga Nguyen, " Modeling and Optimization of the BSCF-Based Single-Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cell by Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm", Journal of Chemistry Volume 2019, Article ID 7828019, 9 pages

https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7828019

Abstract:

Fuel cells could be a highly effective and eco-friendly technology to transform chemical energy stored in fuel to useful electricity and thus are presently appraised as a standout among the most encouraging advancements for future energy demand. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have several advantages over other types of fuel cells, such as the flexibility of fuel used, high energy conversion, and relatively inexpensive catalysts due to high-temperature operation. &e single chambers, wherein the anode and cathode are exposed to the same mixture of fuel, are promising for the portable power application due to the simplified, compact, sealing-free cell structure. &e empirical regression models, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), can be used as a black-box tool to simulate systems without solving the complicated physical equations merely by utilizing available experimental data. In this study, the performance of the newly proposed BSCF/GDC-based cathode SOFC was modeled using ANNs. &e cell voltage was estimated with cathode preparation temperature, cell operating temperature, and cell current as input parameters by the one-layer feed-forward neural network. In order to acquire the appropriate model, several network structures were tested, and the network was trained by backpropagation algorithms. &e data used during the training, validation, and test are the actual experimental results from our previous study. &e optimum conditions to achieve maximum power of the cell were then determined by the genetic algorithm and the developed ANN.

T. N. Tran, N. T. Nguyen. 2018. In Silico Screening for Potent Anti-HCV Compounds with Inhibitory Activities Toward the NS3/4A Protease. International Journal of Peptide Research And Therapeutics 25 (3), 1033-1040

Abstract:

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem and the vaccine for this infection is currently unavailable. The HCV NS3 protein is an essential protease for viral polyprotein processing and it requires a NS4A protein as a cofactor for full activity. NS3 and its recombinant protease are currently regarded as a potential target for antiviral drugs. Therefore, finding a specific inhibitor is highly important. In this study, 50,000 peptide bond-containing compounds were screened for the ability against NS3 protease. Three compounds with free energy less than − 10 Kcal/mol were selected, in which, (Z)-2-(3-(3-ethyl-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)-2-oxoindolin-1-yl)-N-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide showed the highest inhibition against NS3/4A protease. This compound was further investigated in vitro for the ability to inhibit HCV protease and revealed that it competes with substrate to bind into active sites. The kinetic parameter of NS4A–GSGS–NS3 protease with the compound indicated IC50 value of 61.1 µM and Ki of 6.9 µM. Thus, (Z)-2-(3-(3-ethyl-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)-2-oxoindolin-1-yl)-N-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide could be a potential HCV inhibitor.

Bharath Kumar Velmurugan, Chun-Hung Hua, Ming-Hsui Tsai, Chi-Pin Lee, Chia-Min Chung & Ying-Chin Ko, “Combination of celecoxib and calyculin-A inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human oral cancer cells”, Biotechnic & Histochemistry, (2020) (ISI, IF : 0.948)

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10520295.2019.1700429

Abstract:

Expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) deactivation occurs frequently in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We initially assessed COX-2 and PP2A protein expression in OSCC specimens using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and western blot analysis. We found strong COX-2 and phosphorylated PP2A (p-PP2A) expression in OSCC samples. No significant difference in total PP2A expression was observed between cancer and nontumor tissues. The effect of combining COX-2 inhibitor and celecoxib (CXB) with the PP2A inhibitor, calyculin-A (CLA) on the OSCC cell line, HSC3, was evaluated in vitro. We found that a combination of 1 nM CLA and 50 µM CXB significantly inhibited cell viability, and migration and invasion of HSC3 cells. Western blots for AKT, p-AKT, ERK, p-ERK, E-cadherin, vimentin and β-catenin were conducted after treatment with CXB and/or CLA. Increased E-cadherin and decreased β-catenin expression were found in CXB or CLA treated hsc-3 cells, whereas the combined CXB and CLA treatment showed no difference in E-cadherin or β-catenin expression. Our findings suggest that CLA alone was more effective than CXB alone, but not in the combined drug treatment.

Vo Minh Hoang Do, Long Giang Bach, Diem-Huong Nguyen Tran, Van Du Cao, Thi Nhu Quynh Nguyen, Duc Thuan Hoang, Van Cuong Ngo, Dai Hai Nguyen & Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, "Effective Elimination of Charge-associated Toxicity of Low Generation Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Eases Drug Delivery of Oxaliplatin", Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 25 (2020) 224-234

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-019-0047-0

Abstract:

Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer is emerging as an effective nanocarrier for delivering anticancer drugs. Still, unmodified PAMAM dendrimer is hardly used in vivo because of unsatisfied drug release, high tendency of interfering with cellular membranes, and rapid clearance by reticuloendothelial system. In this study, low generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G3.0 is developed and surface modified with methoxypolyethylene glycol (PAMAM G3.0-mPEG) to overcome its limitations. Specifically, PAMAM G3.0 conjugated with mPEG at different ratios are investigated to effectively eliminate its charge-associated toxicity, in which PAMAM G3.0-mPEG- 8 is chosen for oxaliplatin (OX) loading. Results reveal that OX-loaded PAMAM G3.0-mPEG-8 has desirable size, good entrapment efficiency, and sustained release with minimum drug leakage. In addition, Resazurin assay indicates that the toxicity of loaded OX is reduced as compared to free drug but still maintain substantially anticancer activity on HeLa cells, suggesting the potential application of PAMAM G3.0-mPEG-8 for OX delivery in cancer therapy.

Abdul, Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed; Alijani, Shirin; Thanabal, Shiyamala Devi; Kim, Se-Kwon "Marine Enzymes Production Tools to the Pharmaceutical Industry", Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 48 (2019) 1656-1666 (ISI, IF: 0.328)

http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/51146

Abstract:

Marine environment contains organisms that make it a profitable natural reservoir, having a tremendous potential to produce functional bio-catalysis, such as amylase, lipase, protease, curtains etc. The enzymes isolated from marine organisms, especially extremophiles, are distinguished by their habitat-related features through bioprospecting processes. These novel features include barophilicity, cold adaptively, salt tolerance and hyperthermo-stability which can alter industrial processes to facilitate mass transfer, energy savings, cost reduction, etc. . This review gives details about the marine enzymes and their, historical discovery followed by isolation processes, introducing seven special marine enzymes with emphasis on their potential applications in chemical, food and pharmaceutical industry.

Tuong Ha Do, Hoai Bao Truong, Hoang Chinh Nguyen, "Optimization of extraction of phenolic compounds from Ocimum basilicum leaves and evaluation of their antioxidant activity", Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 54, 2, (2020), 162-169 (ISI, IF: 0.538)

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11094-020-02181-3

Abstract:

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a potential source of bioactive compounds with various pharmaceutical effects. This study was aimed to extract phenolic compounds from basil leaves and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extract. Different solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and distilled water) were used to extract the phenolic compounds. Among solvents tested, methanol was the most potent solvent for extraction. The extraction was subsequently optimized using the response surface methodology for maximizing the total phenolic content (TPC). The optimum conditions were found to be the methanol to sample ratio of 44.6 mL/g, methanol concentration of 39%, extraction temperature of 90.7°C, and extraction time of 3.15 h for the maximum TPC of 4.49 mg GAE/g DW. The obtained phenolic-rich extract was then studied for its antioxidant activity. Results showed that the basil leaf extract possessed a high antioxidant capacity with IC50 value of 285.36 μg/mL. This study suggests that basil is a promising source of phenolic compounds and the basil leaf extract is a potential antioxidant agent for pharmaceutical use

Hoang Chinh Nguyen, Hao-Yeh Lee, Chia-Hung Su, Wei-Jhih Shih, Chien-Chung Chien, "Green process for fatty acid production from soybean oil through microwave-mediated autocatalytic synthesis", Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification, 147 (2020), 107782 (ISI, IF: 3.731)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0255270119309286

Abstract:

This study developed a new method that involved autocatalytic hydrolysis of soybean oil using microwave irradiation for fatty acid production. To enhance the conversion yield, a surfactant and fatty acid were added to the reaction mixture. The oil hydrolysis using microwave irradiation had 96.6 % conversion yield within a reaction time of 4 h at 195 °C. Furthermore, this study established a model for describing the kinetics of oil hydrolysis performed using traditional heating and microwave irradiation under different reaction conditions. The model exhibited a good fit to the data (R2 of 0.934 to 0.995), demonstrating the reliability of the developed model. The rate constants and pre-exponential factor observed for the oil hydrolysis process using microwave irradiation were higher than those observed for the oil hydrolysis process using traditional heating, indicating that performing oil hydrolysis by using microwave irradiation achieved a reaction more quickly than using traditional heating. These results suggest that autocatalytic oil hydrolysis using microwave irradiation is an ecofriendly and promising method for fatty acid production

Quoc Hai Nguyen, Hyeongwoo Kim, Il Tae Kim, Wonchang Choi, Jaehyun Hur, "Few-layer NbSe2@ graphene heterostructures as anodes in lithium-ion half-and full-cell batteries", Chemical Engineering Journal 382 (2020) 122981 (ISI, IF: 10.652).

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1385894719323915

Abstract:

A few-layered NbSe2@graphene (FLNG) composite is synthesized via wet ball-milling (WBM) as a new promising anode (wet ball-milled NbSe2@graphene or WBMNG) in lithium-ion half- and full-cell batteries. In this study, we first demonstrate that few-layered graphene (FLG) with low defect density can be prepared from bulk graphite via ball-milling in ethanol. Extending this concept, NbSe2 is introduced as a new 2D additive in WBM to produce a well-defined FLNG composite. FLNG contains NbSe2 particles (~200 nm lateral size and ~7.7 nm thickness (~37 layers)) embedded on a larger FLG (~1 μm lateral size and ~1.7 nm thickness (~5 layers)). The formation of FLNG is based on the solid lubrication in the WBM process that facilitates the exfoliation of 2D materials (NbSe2 and graphite), which leads to the increased surface area, enhanced electrical conductivity, and homogeneous mixing. When applied as an anode in a lithium-ion battery, FLNG (or WBMNG) exhibits excellent electrochemical performances in both WBMNG//Li half-cell and WBMNG//LiFePO4@graphite full-cell batteries. The half-cell displays a reversible discharge capacity as high as ~1000 mAh g−1 (capacity retention of ~88% compared with the initial capacity) at 0.1 A g−1 after 200 cycles and ~700 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1000 cycles, with an excellent rate capability (~76% capacity retention at 10 A g−1 compared to the capacity at 0.1 A g−1). Moreover, the practical full-cell delivers a high energy density of ~216 Wh kg−1 after 100 cycles with excellent rate capability.

Hoang‐Chinh Nguyen, Kuan‐Hung Lin, Shin‐Lon Ho, Chih‐Ming Chiang, Chi‐Ming Yang, "Enhancing the abiotic stress tolerance of plants: from chemical treatment to biotechnological approaches", Physiologia Plantarum, 164, 4, (2018), 452-466 (ISI, IF: 4.148)

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ppl.12812

Abstract:

Abiotic stresses affect crop plants and cause decreases in plant quality and pro- ductivity. Plants can overcome environmental stresses by activating molecular networks, including signal transduction, stress perception, metabolite produc- tion and expressions of specific stress-related genes. Recent research suggests that chemical priming is a promising field in crop stress management because plants can be primed by chemical agents to increase their tolerance to var- ious environmental stresses. We present a concept to meet this objective and protect plants through priming of existing defense mechanisms avoid- ing manipulation of the genome. In addition, recent developments in plant molecular biology include the discovery of genes related to stress tolerance, including functional genes for protecting cells and regulatory genes for regu- lating stress responses. Therefore, enhancing abiotic stress tolerance using a transgenic approach to transfer these genes into plant genomes has attracted more investigations. Both chemical priming agents and genetic engineering can enhance regulatory and functional genes in plants and increase stress tolerance of plants. This review summarizes the latest findings of chemical priming agents and major achievements in molecular approaches that can potentially enhance the abiotic stress tolerance of plants.

Dinh-Chuong Pham, M. A. Shibu, B. Mahalakshmi & Bharath Kumar Velmurugan (2019) Effects of phytochemicals on cellular signaling: reviewing their recent usage approaches, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1699014

Abstract:

Most of the previous studies in last three decades report evidence of interactions between the different phytochemicals and the proteins involved in signal transduction pathways using in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analyses. However, extrapolation of these findings for clinical purposes has not been that fruitful. The efficacy of the phytochemicals in vivo studies is limited by parameters such as solubility, metabolic degradation, excretion, etc. Various approaches have now been devised to circumvent these limitations. Recently, chemical modification of the phytochemicals are demonstrated to reduce some of the limitations and improve their efficacy. Similar to traditional medicines several combinatorial phytochemical formulations have shown to be more efficient. Further, phytochemicals have been reported to be even more efficient in the form of nanoparticles. However, systematic evaluation of their efficacy, mode of action in pathway modulation, usage and associated challenges is required to be done. The present review begins with basic understanding of how signaling cascades regulate cellular response and the consequences of their dysregulation further summarizing the developments and problems associated with the dietary phytochemicals and also discuss recent approaches in strengthening these compounds in pharmacological applications. Only context relevant studies have been reviewed. Considering the limitations and scope of the article, authors do not claim inclusion of all the early and recent studies.

K.K. Sharker, S. Yusa, Chi Minh Phan, "Micellar formation of cationic surfactants", Heliyon 5 (2019) e02425 (Scopus)

https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405844019360852

Abstract:

The micellar structure of six alkyl trimethylammonium halides was studied via conductivity. It was found that the aggregation number increased with the decreasing carbon chain length. Furthermore, Br significantly enhanced the micellar formation over Cl. However, the aggregation number and ionization degree remain similar for both anions. The modelling results validate that the counter-anions affect micellar formation via equilibrium constants, instead of their hydration size. In particular, the association constants between surfactant (both monomer and micelle) and Br are significantly higher than Cl. This is consistent with the qualitative description of hydrated Br in the literature. The experimental and modelling results confirm that micelles are formed via “ion-paring/hydration” structure, instead of the conventional “packing” concept.

TM Nguyen, SL Ranamukhaarachchi "Study on the mycelium growth and primordial formation of king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) on cardboard and spent coffee ground", Research on Crops 20 (4), (2019) 835-842 (Scopus)

Abstract:

Cultivation of edible mushrooms on urban wastes represents one of the most economically and cost-effective organic recycling processes. An effective tool to identify necessary nutrients for the production of fruiting bodies on the specialty substrates is mycelium growth. Hence, mycelium of king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) were experimentally evaluated on cardboard and spent coffee ground (SCG) substrates for the mycelial growth rate, density and primordial formation. Studies were carried out using five different substrate formulations viz., 100% cardboard (TS1), 100% SCG (TS2), 50% cardboard+50% SCG (TS3), 70% cardboard+30% SCG (TS4) and 30% cardboard+70% SCG (TS5). The efficiency of different yeast extract concentrations (i.e. 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 g/l) as a supplement in potato dextrose agar media (PDA) on P. eryngii growth was also determined. The concentration of 1 g/l of yeast extract showed the best effects on mycelial growth and primordia formation of P. eryngii, while high concentration of yeast extract (5- 50 g/l) did not show any beneficial influence. Combination between cardboard and SCG, especially substrate formulations of 30% cardboard+70% SCG increased mycelial density and number of primordial formations of P. eryngii compared to the substrates of cardboard or SCG alone. The results revealed a potential opportunity for commercial cultivation of edible mushrooms, especially P. eryngii for utilization of different recyclable residues as well as urban generated wastes reduction.

Thanh T. Vu, Sojin Song, Hien D.N. Lai, Ngoc Lan Mai, Thuat T. Trinh, Ha T. Do, Dai Phu- Huynh, Anh H. Nguyen, "Coverage degrees of colloids on electrochemical electrodes and signal amplification for anti-citrullinated peptide antibody detection", Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, 27(2020) 100322 (ISI, IF: 5.9)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214180419301540

Abstract:

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used to increase the power of electrochemical biosensors. However, densities and pattern distributions of AuNPs colloids have not been determined yet. In this report, we attempt identifying coverable densities of AuNPs on interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) and increasing the sensing signal by using cyclic antigen (CCP)-coated-AuNPs in impedance biosensors. IDEs were covalently functionalized with CCP-coated AuNPs and used for detection of anti-CCP antibody (ACPA), a remarkable biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis. 36% and 82% of ACPA in human commercial serum were captured by a low CCP (300 CCP per 40-nm nanoparticles) and high CCP (17 × 105 CCP per 40-nm nanoparticles) densities of colloids, respectively. Coverage of the colloids on gaps between two digits of IDEs were observed about at 2.7 × 106 AuNPs (30 nm) per 1 μm2 for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The enzyme-catalyzed deposition of silver nanocrystal increased the SNR of the impedance signal up to 7.8 folds of magnitude higher than un-deposited counterparts. Sensitivity and limit of detection were determined at 1.3 ng/mL and 0.12 ng/mL, respectively, at a frequency 900 kHz in the range of 200–2000 kHz. Finally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed the ability of the biosensor to follow variation over time of the number of CCP and therefore also the quantify of ACPA in the samples.

Ha Pham Thi Thu, Thu Tra Nguyen, Nguyen Dang Nguyen Thao, Khang Le Minh, and Khang Do Tan, "Evaluate to effects of salt stress on Physico-chemical characteristics in the germination of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to methyl salicylate (MeSA)", Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 23, (2020), 101470.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101470

Abstract:

Salinity causes adverse effects to both physiological, morphological and biochemical characteristics that severely inhibit the growth and productivity of rice. Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is one of the common phytochemicals found in plants exposing to abiotic stresses. The study was conducted to evaluate the role of MeSA in rice under vary salt stress conditions. Two rice varieties including HATRI192 (G1) and HATRI62 (G2) were soaked in different concentrations of MeSA (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM) before placing in saline solutions. The salinity levels included 6, 8, 12, 15 and 17 dS/m of Na+. The shoot height and root length, α-amylase activity, phytic acid content, phenolic, and flavonoid contents were measured during the emerging stage. The results showed that MeSA enhanced the growth of G2 rice seedlings under 6 dS/m and 8 dS/m conditions. The α - amylase activity and phytic content significantly increased in stress condition in some MeSA treatments, obviously in G2 variety. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in the treatments 1.0% MeSA +12 dS/m and 0.1% MeSA +15 dS/m, respectively. The finding indicates that MeSA enhanced the physiological and biochemical properties of rice under salt stress condition.

Nguyen Thi Lang, Pham Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Trong Phuoc, And Bui Chi Buu, "Evaluation of Rice Backcross Populations for Salt Tolerance Using Phenotypic Analysis", SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 51, 3, (2019) 225-233

Abstract:

Selection of elite rice cultivars through backcross as well as based on quantitative genetics, and interaction of rice cultivars were evaluated by genetic index at the High Agricultural Technology Research Institute (HATRI) for Mekong Delta, Vietnam. A population was developed from a cross between OM10252 (high yielding variety and short duration from Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute (CLRRI) as female parent and Pokkali as male parent (a donor in many breeding programs and salinity tolerance related studies from Indian). Analysis of 95 individuals from the BC3F3 population of OM10252 /Pokkali// OM10252, the plant height trait, root length, dry weight of stem, the dried weight of roots had the positive and high correlation with the survival time of rice plants at EC = 0 dS/m, 8 dS/m and 15 dS/m. The line BC3 F4-17 gave good survival at 4‰ condition in different areas. A final comment is that both field management and improved cultural practices were extremely important for sanity in rice. For generations, salt-tolerant lines will continue to grow and will be evaluated in the vegetative and growth stages, and included in breeding programs.

Pham Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Thi Thao Nguyen, Do Thi Nhat Linh, Nguyen Thi Lang, and Bui Chi Buu, "Evaluation Of Rice Germplasm For Yield Traits And Amylose Content Under Drought Stress", SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 52, 1, (2020), 64 -74. (Scopus, Q3)

http://sabraojournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SABRAO-J-Breed-Genet-521-64-74-HA.pdf

Abstract:

A set of 44 rice cultivars were evaluated for yield traits and amylose content under controlled reproductive stage drought. Drought tolerance indices viz., leaf rolling, leaf drying, and levels of drought tolerance were measured. A total of 38 cultivars had scores of 0–3 for leaf rolling. Forty cultivars showed scores of 0–2 for leaf drying. Twenty cultivars showed drought tolerance scores of 0–3. Six cultivars, namely, IR75499-73-1-B, V3M-92-1, IR75499-21-1-B, V3M-109-2, IR78997-B-16- B-B-B-SB2, and IR78948-B-21-B-B-B, could be selected for drought tolerance, leaf rolling, and leaf drying with drought scores of 0–1. These cultivars were expected to provide higher yield components. The range of yield decline was 10.61–26.06 g/cluster under water stress. Four cultivars showed combined drought tolerance, high yield, and good quality under reproductive-stage drought stress. The drought-tolerant cultivars (V3M-92-1, IR78997-B-16-B-B-B-SB2, IR75499-73-1-B, and IR78948-B-21-B-B-B) identified in this study could be further deployed in rice breeding programs.

Le, Ngoc Thuy Trang, et al. "Evaluation of factors affecting antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin from Lactobacillus plantarum microencapsulated in alginate-gelatin capsules and its application on pork meat as a bio-preservative." International journal of environmental research and public health 16.6 (2019): 1017.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061017

Abstract:

Antimicrobial compounds from traditional fermented foods have shown activity against a wide range of pathogen and spoilage microorganisms for several years. In this study, a Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), isolated from Vietnamese traditional fermented yogurt (Lactobacillus plantarum SC01), was encapsulated in alginate-gelatin (ALG-GEL) and the effect of incubation temperature, medium pH and surfactants were assessed. The aims of this research were to evaluate antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin produced by L. plantarum SC01. Another aim the research was to study the quality of pork meat treated with its Bacteriocin in 2 h as a bio-preservative at different storage times (0 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h) in room temperature, compared to control (treated with salt 40.0%). The antimicrobial activity of L. plantarum SC01 was identified through the inhibition rate of five indicator organisms, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus subtilis by co-culture method. The results showed that L. plantarum SC01 microencapsulated in ALG-GEL (2.5% alginate and 6.0% gelatin, w/v) and 3.0% bacteria supplied into modified MRS medium (MRSOPTSC01) produced highly active compound inhibited the growth of indicator organisms at a density of 104–108 CFU/mL. Antibacterial compounds were highly active in a treatment at 80 °C; not to be affected by pH; affected by surfactant as Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and Tween. Moreover, LAB obtained from this study show the potent Bacteriocin in its usage as a preservative in food.

Thanh, Vu Minh, et al. "Origanum majorana L. essential oil-associated polymeric nano dendrimer for antifungal activity against Phytophthora infestans." Materials 12.9 (2019): 1446.
 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091446

Abstract:

In this study, the introduction of Origanum majorana L. essential oil into a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) G4.0 dendrimer was performed for creation of a potential nanocide against Phytophthora infestans. The characteristics of marjoram oil and PAMAM G4.0 was analyzed using transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The success of combining marjoram oil with PAMAM G4.0 was evaluated by FT-IR, TGA analysis, and the antifungal activity of this system was also investigated. The results showed that the antifungal activity of oil/PAMAM G4.0 was high and significantly higher than only PAMAM G4.0 or marjoram essential oil. These results indicated that the nanocide oil/PAMAM G4.0 helped strengthen and prolong the antifungal properties of the oil.

Truong, Dieu-Hien, et al. "Evaluation of the use of different solvents for phytochemical constituents, antioxidants, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of Severinia buxifolia." Journal of food quality 2019 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8178294

Abstract:

Severinia buxifolia (Rutaceae) is a promising source of bioactive compounds since it has been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of different solvents on extraction yields, phytochemical constituents and antioxidants, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of S. buxifolia. The results showed that the used solvents took an important role in the yield of extraction, the content of chemical components, and the tested biological activities. Methanol was identified as the most effective solvent for the extraction, resulting in the highest extraction yield (33.2%) as well as the highest content of phenolic (13.36 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoid (1.92 mg QE/g DW), alkaloid (1.40 mg AE/g DW), and terpenoids (1.25%, w/w). The extract obtained from methanol exhibited high capacity of antioxidant (IC50 value of 16.99 μg/mL) and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity (i.e., albumin denaturation: IC50 = 28.86 μg/mL; antiproteinase activity: IC50 = 414.29 μg/mL; and membrane stabilization: IC50 = 319 μg/mL). The antioxidant activity of the S. buxifolia extract was found to be 3-fold higher than ascorbic acid, and the anti-inflammatory activity of S. buxifolia extract was comparable to aspirin. Therefore, methanol is recommended as the optimal solvent to obtain high content of phytochemical constituents as well as high antioxidants and in vitro anti-inflammatory constituents from the branches of S. buxifolia for utilization in pharmacognosy.

Nguyen, Ngoc Tuan, et al. "Production of novel bio-flocculants from Klebsiella variicola BF1 using cassava starch wastewater and its application." Current Science (00113891) 117.1 (2019).
doi: 10.18520/cs/v117/i1/114-121

Abstract:

In this study, Klebsiella variicola BF1 that uses cassava starch wastewater to produce flocculants was identified using 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The pure flocculants of strain BF1 could be easily extracted by ethanol precipitation with a high yield of 7.5 g/l. It was mainly composed of 83.1% carbohydrates and 10.6% proteins. The flocculating activity revealed 97.6  0.6% for kaolin suspension at 12.8 mg/l extracted flocculants from strain BF1 and 2.5 g/l CaCl2. Interestingly, the flocculating activity was 78% without the addition of metal ions. Furthermore, flocculants of strain BF1 can be effectively applied in the treatment of cassava starch wastewater and municipal wastewater.

Kesküla, Arko, et al. "Improving the electrochemical performance and stability of polypyrrole by polymerizing ionic liquids." Polymers 12.1 (2020): 136.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12010136

Abstract:

Polypyrrole (PPy) based electroactive materials are important building blocks for the development of flexible electronics, bio-sensors and actuator devices. As the properties and behavior of PPy depends strongly on the operating environment—electrolyte, solvent, etc., it is desirable to plant immobile ionic species into PPy films to ensure stable response. A premade ionic polymer is not optimal in many cases, as it enforces its own structure on the conducting polymer, therefore, polymerization during fabrication is preferred. Pyrrole (Py) was electropolymerized at low temperature together with a polymerizable ionic liquid (PIL) monomer in a one-step polymerization, to form a stable film on the working electrode. The structure and morphology of the PPyPIL films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopy results confirmed the successful polymerization of Py to PPy and PIL monomer to PIL. The presence of (TFSI–) anions that balance the charge in PPyPIL was confirmed by EDX analysis. The electrical properties of PPyPIL in lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide (LiTFSI) aqueous and propylene carbonate solutions were examined with cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry. The blend of PPyPIL had mixed electronic/ionic conductive properties that were strongly influenced by the solvent. In aqueous electrolyte, the electrical conductivity was 30 times lower and the diffusion coefficient 1.5 times higher than in the organic electrolyte. Importantly, the capacity, current density, and charge density were found to stay consistent, independent of the choice of solvent.

Hoang Thi, Thai Thanh, et al. "Functional magnetic core-shell system-based iron oxide nanoparticle coated with biocompatible copolymer for anticancer drug delivery." Pharmaceutics 11.3 (2019): 120.
 https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11030120

Abstract:

Polymer coating has drawn increasing attention as a leading strategy to overcome the drawbacks of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. In this study, SPIONs were modified with heparin-Poloxamer (HP) shell to form a SPION@HP core-shell system for anticancer drug delivery. The obtained formulation was characterized by techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed the successful attachment of HP shell on the surface of SPION core and the inability to cause considerable effects to the crystal structure and unique magnetic nature of SPION. The core-shell system maintains the morphological features of SPIONs and the desired size range. Notably, Doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, was effectively entrapped into the polymeric shell of SPION@HP, showing a loading efficiency of 66.9 ± 2.7% and controlled release up to 120 h without any initial burst effect. Additionally, MTT assay revealed that DOX-loaded SPION@HP exerted great anticancer effect against HeLa cells and could be safely used. These results pave the way for the application of SPION@HP as an effective targeted delivery system for cancer treatment.

Nguyen, Dai Hai, et al. "Partial surface modification of low generation polyamidoamine dendrimers: Gaining insight into their potential for improved carboplatin delivery." Biomolecules 9.6 (2019): 214.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9060214

Abstract:

Carboplatin (CAR) is a second generation platinum-based compound emerging as one of the most widely used anticancer drugs to treat a variety of tumors. In an attempt to address its dose-limiting toxicity and fast renal clearance, several delivery systems (DDSs) have been developed for CAR. However, unsuitable size range and low loading capacity may limit their potential applications. In this study, PAMAM G3.0 dendrimer was prepared and partially surface modified with methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) for the delivery of CAR. The CAR/PAMAM G3.0@mPEG was successfully obtained with a desirable size range and high entrapment efficiency, improving the limitations of previous CAR-loaded DDSs. Cytocompatibility of PAMAM G3.0@mPEG was also examined, indicating that the system could be safely used. Notably, an in vitro release test and cell viability assays against HeLa, A549, and MCF7 cell lines indicated that CAR/PAMAM G3.0@mPEG could provide a sustained release of CAR while fully retaining its bioactivity to suppress the proliferation of cancer cells. These obtained results provide insights into the potential of PAMAM G3.0@mPEG dendrimer as an efficient delivery system for the delivery of a drug that has strong side effects and fast renal clearance like CAR, which could be a promising approach for cancer treatment.

Fuh, Yuh-Ming, Dinh-Chuong Pham, and Ching-Feng Weng. "Effects of sting plant extracts as penetration enhancers on transdermal delivery of hypoglycemic compounds." Medicina 55.5 (2019): 121.
https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55050121

Abstract:

Background and objectives: The percutaneous route is an interesting and inventive investigation field of drug delivery. However, it is challenging for drug molecules to pass through the skins surface, which is a characterized by its permeability barrier. The purpose of this study is to look at the effect of some penetration enhancers on in vivo permeation of insulin and insulin sensitizers (curcumin and rutin) through diabetes-induced mouse skin. Materials and Methods: Sting crude extracts of Dendrocnide meyeniana, Urtica thunbergiana Sieb. and Zucc, and Alocasia odora (Lodd.) Spach were used as the penetration enhancers. Mouse skin irritation was tested by smearing the enhancers for the measurements at different time points and the cell viability of the HaCaT human skin keratinocytes, which was determined by Trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays to evaluate human biosafety for these extracts after the mouse skin permeation experiments. Results: All enhancers induced a slight erythema without edema on the mouse skin that completely recovered after 6 h from the enhancer smears as compared with normal mouse skin. Furthermore, no damaged cells were found in the HaCaT keratinocytes under sting crude extract treatments. The blood sugar level in the diabetic mice treated with the insulin or insulin sensitizers, decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the presence of enhancers. The area under the curve (AUC) values of transdermal drug delivery (TDD) ranged from 42,000 ± 5000 mg/dL x min without enhancers, to 30,000 ± 2000 mg/dL x min in the presence of enhancers. Conclusions: This study exhibited that natural plant extracts could be preferred over the chemically synthesized molecules and are safe and potent penetration enhancers for stimulating the transdermal absorption of drugs

Velmurugan, Bharath Kumar, et al. "Luteolin-7-O-glucoside inhibits oral cancer cell migration and invasion by regulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway." Biomolecules 10.4 (2020): 502.

https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10040502

Abstract:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common type of cancer globally, which is associated with high rates of cancer-related deaths. Metastasis to distant organs is the main reason behind worst prognostic outcome of oral cancer. In the present study, we aimed at evaluating the effects of a natural plant flavonoid, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, on oral cancer cell migration and invasion. The study findings showed that in addition to preventing cell proliferation, luteolin-7-O-glucoside caused a significant reduction in oral cancer cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, luteolin-7-O-glucoside caused a reduction in cancer metastasis by reducing p38 phosphorylation and downregulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression. Using a p38 inhibitor, SB203580, we proved that luteolin-7-O-glucoside exerts anti-migratory effects by suppressing p38-mediated increased expression of MMP-2. This is the first study to demonstrate the luteolin-7-O-glucoside inhibits cell migration and invasion by regulating MMP-2 expression and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in human oral cancer cell. The study identifies luteolin-7-O-glucoside as a potential anti-cancer candidate that can be utilized clinically for improving oral cancer prognosis. 

Nguyen, Quoc Hai, et al. "Few-layer NbSe2@ graphene heterostructures as anodes in lithium-ion half-and full-cell batteries." Chemical Engineering Journal 382 (2020): 122981.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122981

Abstract:

A few-layered NbSe2@graphene (FLNG) composite is synthesized via wet ball-milling (WBM) as a new promising anode (wet ball-milled NbSe2@graphene or WBMNG) in lithium-ion half- and full-cell batteries. In this study, we first demonstrate that few-layered graphene (FLG) with low defect density can be prepared from bulk graphite via ball-milling in ethanol. Extending this concept, NbSe2 is introduced as a new 2D additive in WBM to produce a well-defined FLNG composite. FLNG contains NbSe2 particles (~200 nm lateral size and ~7.7 nm thickness (~37 layers)) embedded on a larger FLG (~1 μm lateral size and ~1.7 nm thickness (~5 layers)). The formation of FLNG is based on the solid lubrication in the WBM process that facilitates the exfoliation of 2D materials (NbSe2 and graphite), which leads to the increased surface area, enhanced electrical conductivity, and homogeneous mixing. When applied as an anode in a lithium-ion battery, FLNG (or WBMNG) exhibits excellent electrochemical performances in both WBMNG//Li half-cell and WBMNG//LiFePO4@graphite full-cell batteries. The half-cell displays a reversible discharge capacity as high as ~1000 mAh g−1 (capacity retention of ~88% compared with the initial capacity) at 0.1 A g−1 after 200 cycles and ~700 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1000 cycles, with an excellent rate capability (~76% capacity retention at 10 A g−1 compared to the capacity at 0.1 A g−1). Moreover, the practical full-cell delivers a high energy density of ~216 Wh kg−1 after 100 cycles with excellent rate capability.nce in predicting S-sulfenylation sites compared to other well-known tools on a benchmark dataset.

Nguyen, Hoang‐Chinh, et al. "Enhancing the abiotic stress tolerance of plants: from chemical treatment to biotechnological approaches." Physiologia Plantarum 164.4 (2018): 452-466.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12812

Abstract:

Abiotic stresses affect crop plants and cause decreases in plant quality and productivity. Plants can overcome environmental stresses by activating molecular networks, including signal transduction, stress perception, metabolite production and expressions of specific stress-related genes. Recent research suggests that chemical priming is a promising field in crop stress management because plants can be primed by chemical agents to increase their tolerance to various environmental stresses. We present a concept to meet this objective and protect plants through priming of existing defense mechanisms avoiding manipulation of the genome. In addition, recent developments in plant molecular biology include the discovery of genes related to stress tolerance, including functional genes for protecting cells and regulatory genes for regulating stress responses. Therefore, enhancing abiotic stress tolerance using a transgenic approach to transfer these genes into plant genomes has attracted more investigations. Both chemical priming agents and genetic engineering can enhance regulatory and functional genes in plants and increase stress tolerance of plants. This review summarizes the latest findings of chemical priming agents and major achievements in molecular approaches that can potentially enhance the abiotic stress tolerance of plants.

Chao Pi-Yu, Meng-Yuan Huang, Wen-Dar Huang, Kuan-Hung Lin, CHEN Shiau-Ying, YANG Chi-Ming, "Study of Chlorophyll-related Compounds from Dietary Spinach in Human Blood", Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 46, 2, (2018), 309-316 (ISI, IF: 0.648).

http://notulaebotanicae.ro/index.php/nbha/article/view/10918

Abstract:

Human bioavailability data on chlorophyll (Chl) is very limited. The distribution of Chl-related compounds (CRCs) derived from dietary spinach was investigated in human blood. Eight healthy adults, aged from 21 to 61 year-old, consumed 1.2 kg of just-boiled fresh spinach after an 8-h overnight fast. Before and then 3 h after consuming the spinach, blood samples were taken from each participant. Freeze-dried blood samples were prepared, and 80% acetone was added for grinding. Eight peaks were found in the blood using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the main CRCs in the samples were pheophytin (Phe) and pheophorbide (Pho) derivates. Compared to a fasted state, markedly higher levels of blood CRCs were detected in all subjects, except that Pho metabolites were not found in two subjects. No significant differences were seen in most of the peaks between males and females; however, relatively higher CRCs levels were observed in females, particular of Pho derivates. In addition, the blood contained significantly higher levels of Phe in the 36~61-year-old group than in the 21~35-year-old group. These results suggest that the conversion of Chls to CRCs is a rapid process, and Chls obtained by ingestion can be absorbed by the human body.

Mong-Huai Su, Te-Hua Hsu, Chun-Neng Wang, Kuan-Hung Lin, Ming-Chang Chiang, Ren-Dong Kang, Khiem M Nguyen, Hoang Nguyen, "Genetic Diversity of a Novel Oil Crop, Camellia brevistyla, Revealed by ISSR DNA Markers", Horticultural Science and Technology, 35, 5, (2017), 588-598 (ISI, IF: 0.365).

http://www.kjhst.org/article.php?num=N0130350507

Abstract:

Camellia brevistyla plants are used as food oil in Taiwan. To provide a method for identifying germplasm and assessing the genetic diversity of C. brevistyla, 102 individuals were collected from 29 populations in 11 counties throughout the main island of Taiwan. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) DNA markers were analyzed and a total of 176 bands were amplified. Of these, 175 bands were found to be polymorphic in these populations. Genetic similarities among populations ranged between 34.1-95.1%. Cluster analysis revealed seven groups of populations plus one outlier (C. kissii ). Five individuals from two populations in the southern region were grouped into cluster V, and six populations from both regions were grouped into cluster VII. The remaining populations from the northern region were separated into different clusters from V and VII. Results of an analysis of molecular variance indicated that the variation within populations (75%) was predominantly greater than variations among counties (18%) and among regions (7%). Overall, the gene flow (Nm = 0.509) estimated from genetic differentiation (Gst = 0.534) suggested that gene flow among regions was limited. Higher genetic diversity (H = 0.317), Shannon’s index (I = 0.477), and gene flow (Nm = 0.538) of populations were found in the northern region compared to the southern region. The DNA sequences of C. brevistyla amplified by two oil-biosynthesis genes showed 99-100% homology with those of C. oleifera. Camellia brevistyla populations are highly differentiated and can serve as a basis for the food oil industry as a germplasm resource.

Thanh Mai Nguyen, Nga Thi Thanh Le, Jouni Havukainen, David B Hannaway, "Pesticide use in vegetable production: A survey of Vietnamese farmers’ knowledge", Plant Protection Science, 54, 4, (2018), 203-214 (ISI, IF: 1.076)

https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/web/pps.htm?type=article&id=69_2017-PPS

Abstract:

Concerns about inappropriate storage, application rates, and disposal practices of pesticides prompted this case study of Vietnamese farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices. 128 small-scale vegetable growers in Lam Dong Province were included in field surveys, questionnaires, and interviews. Farmers reported inappropriate mixing of pesticides and disposal methods. Many also reported ill-timed applications posing potential hazards to the human health and environment. Improved training and monitoring of pesticide residues on foodstuffs and in agricultural soils and community water supplies are needed to ensure safe farmer practices. Community-based training and education, jointly funded by local, national, and international agricultural production and food safety groups, would be a cost-effective method of minimising pesticide applications and improving food safety.

Nam Nhut Phan, Chih‑Yang Wang, Chien‑Fu Chen, Zhengda Sun, Ming‑Derg Lai, Yen‑Chang Lin, "Voltage-gated calcium channels: Novel targets for cancer therapy", Oncology letters, 14, 2, (2017), 2059-2074 (ISI, IF: 1.664)

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/ol/14/2/2059

Abstract:

Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) comprise five subtypes: The L type; R type; N type; P/Q type; and T type, which are encoded by α1 subunit genes. Calcium ion channels also have confirmed roles in cellular functions, including mitogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and metastasis. An association between VGCCs, a reduction in proliferation and an increase in apoptosis in prostate cancer cells has also been reported. Therefore, in the present study, the online clinical database Oncomine was used to identify the alterations in the mRNA expression level of VGCCs in 19 cancer subtypes. Overall, VGCC family genes exhibited under expression in numerous types of cancer, including brain, breast, kidney and lung cancers. Notably, the majority of VGCC family members (CACNA1C, CACNA1D, CACNA1A, CACNA1B, CACNA1E, CACNA1H and CACNA1I) exhibited low expression in brain tumors, with mRNA expression levels in the top 1 9% of downregulated gene rankings. A total of 5 VGCC family members (CACNA1A, CACNA1B, CACNA1E, CACNA1G and CACNA1I) were under expressed in breast cancer, with a gene ranking in the top 1 10% of the low expressed genes compared with normal tissue. In kidney and lung cancers, CACNA1S, CACNA1C, CACNA1D, CACNA1A and CACNA1H exhibited low expression, with gene rankings in the top 1 8% of downregulated genes. In conclusion, the present findings may contribute to the development of new cancer treatment approaches by identifying target genes involved in specific types of cancer.

Baskaran Rathinasamy, Bharath Kumar Velmurugan, "Role of lncRNAs in the cancer development and progression and their regulation by various phytochemicals", Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 102, (2018), 242-248 (ISI, IF: 3.457)

Link:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0753332218305882

Abstract:

Long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in modulating the expression of other non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), such as microRNAs, or target proteins through the epigenetic, transcriptional, or post-transcriptional regulations. Genomic mutations in cancer reside inside regions that do not code for proteins and these regions are often transcribed into long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Emerging evidences have revealed an intense involvement of lncRNAs in the cancer development and progression. Recently, emerging evidences have depicted that the phytochemicals interact with lncRNAs to modulate their activities. Such findings are highly important for the identification of therapeutic strategies against diseases that are particularly associated with an aberrant lncRNA signaling. This review aims at deciphering the role of lncRNAs in the cancer development and progression, and their regulation by various phytochemicals.

Hoang Chinh Nguyen, Tran Quynh Mong Nhu, Phung Van Dung, Nguyen Dinh Hieu, Tran Trong Tuan, Phan Xuan Huyen, Dieu-Hien Truong, "Evaluation of changes in the growth and chemical constituents of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata grown under hydroponic conditions", BioTechnologia, 99, 4, (2018), 375-383 (Scopus)

Link: http://www.biotechnologia-journal.org/Evaluation-of-changes-in-the-growth-and-chemical-constituents-of-Anoectochilus-formosanus-Hayata-grown-under-hydroponic-conditions,85,34258,0,1.html

Abstract:

Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata is an important medicinal plant with various pharmaceutical properties. In this study, A. formosanus plants were hydroponically cultivated in different nutrient solutions to achieve enhanced biomass and secondary metabolites production. Three months-old A. formosanus plants were grown for 8 weeks under controlled environment in plastic pots containing Murashige and Skoog (MS), Nitrophoska Foliar (NF), Hydro Green (HG), or Hydro Bee (HB) media. Among 4 nutrient solutions tested, HB was the most efficient medium for the plant growth with the highest fresh weight (FW, 2.56 g/plant) and dry weight (DW, 0.18 g/plant) values. The results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, and steroids in the extracts of A. formosanus cultivated in HB, HG, and MS medium. The level of these compounds was significantly different in plants cultivated in tested media. The highest alkaloids (34.87 μg/g DW) and terpenoids (56.43 μg/g DW) contents were obtained on HG medium, whereas flavonoids were present in highest amounts (90.13 μg QE/g DW) in plants grown in NF medium. On the other hand, HB medium stimulated the production of the highest glycoside (64.33 μg/g DW) and steroids (22.83 μg/g DW) levels. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was also tested using the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity assay and the results demonstrated strong antioxidant activities of A. formosanus extracts with IC50 of 136.19 to 248.85 μg/ml. Concluding, the hydroponic-cultivation of A. formosanus is a promising way for obtaining highly valuable compounds for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.

Roshan Khadka, Zane Zondaka, Arko Kesküla, Mahdi Safaei Khorram, Tran Thien Khanh, Tarmo Tamm, Jadranka Travas‐Sejdic, Rudolf Kiefer, "Influence of solvent on linear polypyrrole–polyethylene oxide actuators", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 135, 43, (2018), 46831 (ISI, IF: 1.901)

    Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/app.46831

Abstract:

Ionic conductivity of polypyrrole (PPy) doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) was improved by loading of 10 wt % of polyethylene oxide (PEO). The linear actuation properties of PPy–PEO/DBS films were investigated and compared in polar (aqueous) and aprotic (propylene carbonate) solvents keeping the concentration of lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) electrolyte the same. The results were compared to those of pristine PPy/DBS films. The actuation direction changed from pure cation‐driven in the aqueous electrolyte (LiTFSI(aq)) to anion‐driven in propylene carbonate electrolyte (LiTFSI(PC)). At the same time, the electro‐chemo‐mechanical deformation revealed that the strain of PPy–PEO/DBS increased from 5% in LiTFSI(aq) to 20% in LiTFSI(PC). The effect of solvent on the ionic conductivity was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, showing a 27% increase in charge transfer kinetics and an increase in the electronic conductivity, resulting in significant increase in the strain rate, when propylene carbonate electrolyte was used.

Zane Zondaka, Alo Kivilo, Sunjai Nakshatharan, Kadi-Anne Küppar, Urmas Johanson, Tarmo Tamm, Rudolf Kiefer, "Carbide-derived carbon and poly-3, 4-ethylenedioxythiphene composite laminate: linear and bending actuation", Synthetic Metals, 245, (2018), 67-73 (ISI, IF: 2.526)
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0379677918302443

Abstract:

Carbide-derived carbon is a well-known material for ionic electroactive systems like sensors and actuators. Typically, a gold foil or other current collector is applied on top of either side to enhance the conductivity of such laminates. Here, metal foil is replaced by an electrochemically deposited layer of poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT). While lower in conductivity, PEDOT has the advantages of lowered risk of delamination and being electro-chemo-mechanically active itself. Such laminates were tested in both linear actuation mode in lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide propylene carbonate solution (LiTFSI-PC) under isotonic and isometric electro-chemo-mechanical deformation measurements (ECMD), and in bending mode in air using a room-temperature ionic liquid as the electrolyte. The exchanged charge as well as the actuation response of the laminate was dominated by the PEDOT layer, overriding even the actuation direction of the carbon-based layers. The stress of all investigated samples was found in similar range of 30 kPa. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR and energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX).

Bharath Kumar Velmurugan, Wei-Hsiang Chang, Chia-Min Chung, Chung-Min Yeh, Chien-Hsun Lee, Kun-Tu Yeh, Shu-Hui Lin, "DDR2 overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated to lymph node metastasis", Cancer Biomarkers, 22, 4, (2018), 747-753 (ISI, IF: 2.392)

Link: https://content.iospress.com/articles/cancer-biomarkers/cbm181302

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Discoidin domain receptors (DDRs), a collagen receptor tyrosine kinase, play a major role in cancer progression. DDR2 has been suggested as a prognostic marker in several cancer types; however, the correlation between DDR2 expression and clinical outcome of oral cancer patients in Taiwan population has not been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study we sought to determine the clinical significance of Discoidin Domain Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2 (DDR2) expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. We examined DDR2 expression in OSCC specimens by immunohistochemistry and then we analyzed the association of DDR2 expression with clinicopathological factors in OSCC. RESULTS: We divided 254 OSCC cases into two groups based on DDR2 expression levels and compared with several clinicopathological factors and their overall survival. The group with high DDR2 expression had significantly higher frequencies of lymph node metastasis (P= 0.0094) and AJCC stage (P= 0.0058) compared to the group with low DDR2 expression. Furthermore, the lymph node metastasis oral cancer patients with high DDR2 expression had low survival rate than low DDR2 group (P= 0.0458). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that DDR2 is a potent biomarker that can be used as an effective therapeutic target for treating OSCC patients with lymph node metastasis.

Shang-Lun Chiang, Bharath Kumar Velmurugan, Chia-Min Chung, Shu-Hui Lin, Zhi-Hong Wang, Chun-Hung Hua, Ming-Hsui Tsai, Tzer-Min Kuo, Kun-Tu Yeh, Pei-Ying Chang, "Preventive effect of celecoxib use against cancer progression and occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma", Scientific reports, 7, 1, (2017), 6235  (ISI, IF: 4.122)

Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-06673-3

Abstract:

Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in oral cancer increases lymph node metastasis and is associated with a poor prognosis. The potential of celecoxib (CXB) use is reported in cancer treatment by inhibiting proliferation through apoptosis, but the effects on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer cell mobility remain unclear. We performed a preclinical study and population-based study to evaluate CXB use in the prevention of oral cancer progression and occurrence. The in-vitro findings showed that CXB is involved in the inhibition of EMT and cell mobility through blocking transcription factors (Slug, Snail and ZEB1), cytoplasmic mediators (focal adhesion kinase (FAK), vimentin and β-catenin), cell adhesion molecules (cadherins and integrins), and surface receptors (AMFR and EGFR). The murine xenograft model showed a 65% inhibition in tumour growth after a 5-week treatment of CXB compared to placebo. Xenograft tumours in placebo-treated mice displayed a well-to-moderate/moderate differentiated SCC grade, while those from CXB-treated mice were well differentiated. The expression levels of membrane EGFR, and nuclear FAK, Slug and ZEB1 were decreased in the xenograft tumours of CXB-treated mice. A retrospective cohort study showed that increasing the daily dose and medication time of CXB was associated with oral cancer prevention. The findings provide an alternative prevention strategy for oral cancer development with CXB use.

Su‐Ying Wen, Bharath Kumar Velmurugan, Cecilia Hsuan Day, Chia‐Yao Shen, Li‐Chin Chun, Yi‐Chieh Tsai, Yueh‐Min Lin, Ray‐Jade Chen, Chia‐Hua Kuo, Chih‐Yang Huang, "High density lipoprotein (HDL) reverses palmitic acid induced energy metabolism imbalance by switching CD36 and GLUT4 signaling pathways in cardiomyocyte", Journal of cellular physiology, 232, 11, (2017), 3020-3029 (ISI, IF: 3.923)

Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcp.26007

Abstract:

In our previous study palmitic acid (PA) induced lipotoxicity and switches energy metabolism from CD36 to GLUT4 in H9c2 cells. Low level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) is an independent risk factor for cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we in the present study investigated whether HDL can reverse PA induced lipotoxicity in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. In this study, we treated H9c2 cells with PA to create a hyperlipidemia model in vitro and analyzed for CD36 and GLUT4 metabolic pathway proteins. CD36 metabolic pathway proteins (phospho‐AMPK, SIRT1, PGC1α, PPARα, CPT1β, and CD36) were decreased by high PA (150 and 200 μg/μl) concentration. Interestingly, expression of GLUT4 metabolic pathway proteins (p‐PI3K and pAKT) were increased at low concentration (50 μg/μl) and decreased at high PA concentration. Whereas, phospho‐PKCζ, GLUT4 and PDH proteins expression was increased in a dose dependent manner. PA treated H9c2 cells were treated with HDL and analyzed for cell viability. Results showed that HDL treatment induced cell proliferation efficiency in PA treated cells. In addition, HDL reversed the metabolic effects of PA: CD36 translocation was increased and reduced GLUT4 translocation, but HDL treatment significantly increased CD36 metabolic pathway proteins and reduced GLUT4 pathway proteins. Rat neonatal cardiomyocytes showed similar results. In conclusion, HDL reversed palmatic acid‐induced lipotoxicity and energy metabolism imbalance in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells and in neonatal rat cardiomyocyte cells.

Peiying Pai, Bharath Kumar Velmurugan, Chia-Hua Kuo, Chung-Yi Yen, Tsung-Jung Ho, Yueh-Min Lin, Yu-Feng Chen, Chao-Hung Lai, Cecilia Hsuan Day, Chih-Yang Huang, "17β-Estradiol and/or estrogen receptor alpha blocks isoproterenol-induced calcium accumulation and hypertrophy via GSK3β/PP2A/NFAT3/ANP pathway", Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 434, 1-2, (2017), 181-195 (ISI, IF: 2.561)

Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11010-017-3048-3

Abstract:

The present study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrogen receptor α (ERα) on isoproterenol (ISO)-treated H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. In the present study, we treated H9c2 cells with ISO, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist, to induce myocardiac hypertrophy. Pre-administration of E2 or ERα (induced by doxycycline) and E2 plus ERα significantly prevented ISO-induced increase of cell size and cytosolic calcium accumulation, accompanied with increased mRNA of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide. However, ICI-ERs antagonist, and melatonin, a specific inhibitor for ERα, reversed the cardioprotective effects, suggesting that E2 action was mediated through ERα. Further evidences showed that E2 and ERα increased the protein level of GSK3β and protein phosphatase 2a inhibitor 2 (I2-PP2A), which subsequently enhanced the activation of I2-PP2A by disrupting PP2A activity and maintains normal calcium outflow. Collectively, E2 and ERα inhibited hypertrophy by preventing cytosol calcium accumulation and by inhibiting the association between PP2A with Na+–Ca2+ exchanger via GSK3β and I2-PP2A activation.

Rathinasamy Baskaran, Bharath Kumar Velmurugan, "Protein phosphatase 2A as therapeutic targets in various disease models", Life sciences, 210, 1, (2018), 40-46 (ISI, IF: 3.234)

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0024320518305241

Abstract:

There are a large number of signalling pathways responsible for transmitting information within the cell. Although cellular signalling is thought to be majorly governed by protein kinases ‘cascade effects’; their antagonists protein phosphatases also play a crucial dual role in signal transduction. By dephosphorylating the proteins involved in signalling pathways, phosphatases may lead to their activation and sometimes they may terminate a signal generated by kinases activity. Due to counterbalancing the function of phosphorylation, the protein phosphatases are very important to signal transduction processes and thus the control of phosphatase activity is as significant as kinases, in the regulation of a plethora of cellular processes. In general, the protein phosphatases are comprised of a catalytic subunit with one or more regulatory and/or targeting subunits associated with it. The Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a member of serine/threonine phosphatases family, is ubiquitously expressed a remarkably conserved enzyme in the cell. Its catalytic activity has been highly regulated and may have enormous therapeutic potential which is still untapped. It has specificities for a number of substrates which witnessed its involvement in various signalling modules of cell cycle regulation, cell morphology and development. Thus it can be an appropriate target for studying different diseases associated with abnormal signal transduction pathways such as neurodegenerative diseases and malignancies. This review will focus on the structure and regulatory pathways of PP2A. The de-regulation of PP2A in some specific pathology such as Cancer, Heart diseases, Neurodegenerative disorders and Diabetes will also be touched upon.

Nancy Maurya, Bharath Kumar Velmurugan, "Therapeutic applications of cannabinoids", Chemico-biological interactions, 293, (2018), 77-88 (ISI, IF: 3.296)

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009279718307373

Abstract:

The psychoactive property of cannabinoids is well known and there has been a continuous controversy regarding the usage of these compounds for therapeutic purposes all over the world. Their use for medical and research purposes are restricted in various countries. However, their utility as medications should not be overshadowed by its negative physiological activities. This review article is focused on the therapeutic potential and applications of phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids. We further highlights their mode of action, overall effects on physiology, various in vitro and in vivo studies that have been done so far and the extent to which these compounds can be useful in different disease conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, pain, inflammation, glaucoma and many others. Thus, this work is an attempt to make the readers understand the positive implications of these compounds and indicates the significant developments of utilizing cannabinoids as therapeutic agents.

Tran Thien Khanh, Rong-Jer Lee, Paul A Kilmartin, Md Asaduzzaman Khan, Mahdi Safaei Khorram, Tarmo Tamm, Rudolf Kiefer, "Actuation increase in polypyrrole bilayer by photo-activated dopants", Synthetic Metals, 246, (2018), 57-63 (ISI, IF: 2.526)

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0379677918304016

Abstract:

A new methodology to increase the polypyrrole (PPy) bilayer actuation displacement is presented, based on photo-activated dopants generating secondary charges. Two dopants, dodecyl benzenesulfonate (DBS) and the photo-active dopant 2-diazo-1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid (DNSA), were compared in this study. PPy/DBS, PPy/DBS-DNSA and PPy/DNSA bilayers on polyethylene terephthalate were formed and their actuation properties in aqueous electrolyte were investigated applying cyclic voltammetry and square wave potential steps. Exposure to solar irradiation increased PPy/DBS-DNSA and PPy/DNSA bilayer bending displacements by two and three times, respectively, accompanied by increased charge density during the reversible redox cycles. UV–vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements were also performed to follow the photo reaction of the photo-active dopants.

M Shanmugavadivu, Bharath Kumar Velmurugan, "Pharmalogical activities of antroquinonol-Mini review", Chemico-biological interactions, 297, 5, (2018), 8-15 (ISI, IF: 3.296)

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000927971831216X

Abstract:

Antrodia camphorata is an expensive mushroom that grows on the inner cavity of an endangered native tree of Taiwan namely Cinnamomum kanehirai Hayata. It is used as a traditional medicine in Taiwan and has several health benefits including free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, and free radical-induced DNA damage protecting activities. Antroquinonol is a tetrahydro ubiquinone derivative found predominately in the mycelium of Antrodia camphorata, and is characterized by numerous biological and pharmacological activities. Several studies have revealed potential anticancer effects of antroquinonol in various carcinogenic models. Moreover, a phase II clinical trial is ongoing in the US and Taiwan to treat the lung cancer patients with this active compound. The present review aims at depicting a detailed view of the synthetic procedures of antroquinonol as well as deciphering its potential health benefits with a special emphasis on anticancer properties.

Lin Kuan-Hung, WU Chun-Wei, Yu-Sen Chang, "Applying Dickson Quality Index, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, and Leaf Area Index for Assessing Plant Quality of Pentas lanceolata", Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 47, 1, (2018), 169-176 (ISI, IF: 0.648)

Link: http://notulaebotanicae.ro/index.php/nbha/article/view/11312

Abstract:

Plant quality greatly relates to the seedling vigor (SV), survival and growth of plants after transplantation. The objective of this study was to use the nondestructive measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) and leaf area index (LAI) as SV indices for star cluster (Pentas lanceolata). Plants were grown in potting soil under nature sunlight for 90 d. A total of 13 morphological and physiological parameters were selected for measurements. Among them, root growth potential (RGP) was the best predictor for SV in all tested plants. Plants were separated into 5 RGP groups based on the number of new roots, and remaining parameters were also separated into those same levels. The trends and rates of increase from levels 1 to 5 in Dickson quality index (DQI), LAI, total dry mass, and ChlF were all similar to the RGP index. Although RGP and DQI are frequently used as indices for SV, these measurements are time-consuming and require sample destruction. Consistent and strongly high correlations were observed among DQI, LAI, and ChlF, demonstrating the applicability of these indices for measuring SV in star cluster. The measurements of LAI and ChlF were predicted using multiple variables from validation datasets, and showed novel and useful parameters for examining the SV of star cluster.

Dinh-Chuong Pham, Yu-Chuan Chang, Shian-Ren Lin, Yuh-Ming Fuh, May-Jywan Tsai, Ching-Feng Weng, "FAK and S6K1 inhibitor, Neferine, dually induces autophagy and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells", Molecules, 23, 12, (2018), 3110 (ISI, IF: 3.098)

Link: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/12/3110

Abstract:

Human neuroblastoma cancer is the most typical extracranial solid tumor. Yet, new remedial treatment therapies are demanded to overcome its sluggish survival rate. Neferine, isolated from the lotus embryos, inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cells. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of neferine in IMR32 human neuroblastoma cells and to expose the concealable molecular mechanisms. IMR32 cells were treated with different concentrations of neferine, followed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to assess cell viability. In an effort to determine the molecular mechanisms in neferine-incubated IMR32 cells, cell cycle arrest, cell migration, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), the 70-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-3, Beclin-1, and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) protein expressions were investigated. Neferine strongly disrupted the neuroblastoma cell growth via induction of G2/M phase arrest. Furthermore, neferine provoked autophagy and apoptosis in IMR32 cells, confirmed by p-FAK, and p-S6K1 reduction, LC3-II accumulation, Beclin-1 overexpression, and cleaved caspase-3/PARP improvement. Finally, neferine markedly retarded cell migration of neuroblastoma cancer cells. As a result, our findings for the first time showed an explicit anti-cancer effect of neferine in IMR32 cells, suggesting that neferine might be a potential candidate against human neuroblastoma cells to improve clinical outcomes with further in vivo investigation.

Zane Zondaka, Madis Harjo, Mahdi Safaei Khorram, Pejman Rasti, Tarmo Tamm, Rudolf Kiefer, "Polypyrrole/carbide-derived carbon composite in organic electrolyte: Characterization as a linear actuator", Reactive and Functional Polymers, 131, (2018), 414-419 (ISI, IF: 2.975)

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1381514818307910

Abstract:

Polypyrrole (PPy) doped with dodecylbenzenesulphonate (DBS) (PPy/DBS) was polymerized with the addition of phosphotungstic acid (PTA), thus, incorporating multicharged phosphotungstate anions (PT) to give PPy/DBS-PT films. With carbide-derived carbon (CDC) particles included, the obtained films contained CDC-PT, DBS and PT anions forming PPy/DBS-CDC-PT (PPy/CDC). Our goal was to test the applicability of the material for actuation in an organic electrolyte. The material properties of PPy/CDC films, such as conductivity, charging/discharging and actuation as strain and strain rate were significantly changed in comparison to PPy/DBS-PT films. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) and EDX (energy dispersive X-ray) spectroscopy revealed that CDC-PT is incorporated in the PPy films and the SEM (scanning electron microscopy) images showed a more porous film with CDC particles packed into PPy. Electro-chemo-mechanical deformation studies (ECMD) revealed that PPy/CDC films had anion-dominated actuation resulting in nearly 6 times higher strain, 2 times higher force, higher strain rates, and 7 times higher conductivity than PPy/DBS-PT films, which had mixed ion transport and rather poor strain and stress behavior. Thus, only one of the two materials - PPy/CDC – could have some practical use in this type of electrolyte solutions.

P Muralidhar Reddy, Nancy Maurya, Bharath Kumar Velmurugan, "Medicinal Use of Synthetic Cannabinoids—a Mini Review", Current Pharmacology Reports, 5, 1, (2019), 1-13 (Scopus)

Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40495-018-0165-y

Abstract:

Purpose of Review

This review gives an overview of the medicinal uses of synthetic cannabinoids and other related aspects on the basis of recent as well as earlier studies that the authors considered relevant to the context and scope of the review.

Recent Findings

Synthetic cannabinoids are laboratory synthesized products eliciting effects way more than their natural counterparts. These compounds are more potent in generating intoxicating effects and are also difficult to be detected in conventional screening tests. Their clinical side effects are also more pronounced than natural cannabinoids, and their antidotes are also not known. However, they are also therapeutically found to be very effective in many health conditions, as these act by interacting with almost ubiquitously distributed cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) in the human body and by other mechanisms also that do not involve these receptors.

Summary

All the issues related to their appropriate dosage, mode of action, acute and chronic effects in vivo, interaction with other drugs, their metabolism, etc. need much research to be done so that it will be easier to predict their different aspects in human subjects in more appropriate way. Further, development of strict legislation and regulation is required to be done so that their abuse can be curbed, and toxic effects can be reduced, but medicinal benefits and usage can be enhanced.

VH Giang Phan, Huu Thuy Trang Duong, Thavasyappan Thambi, Thanh Loc Nguyen, Md Hasan Turabee, Yue Yin, Seong Han Kim, Jaeyun Kim, Ji Hoon Jeong, Doo Sung Lee, "Modularly engineered injectable hybrid hydrogels based on protein-polymer network as potent immunologic adjuvant in vivo", Biomaterials, 195, (2019), 100-110 (ISI, IF: 8.806)

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014296121830869X

Abstract:

Lymphoid organs, which are populated by dendritic cells (DCs), are highly specialized tissues and provide an ideal microenvironment for T-cell priming. However, intramuscular or subcutaneous delivery of vaccine to DCs, a subset of antigen-presenting cells, has failed to stimulate optimal immune response for effective vaccination and need for adjuvants to induce immune response. To address this issue, we developed an in situ-forming injectable hybrid hydrogel that spontaneously assemble into microporous network upon subcutaneous administration, which provide a cellular niche to host immune cells, including DCs. In situ-forming injectable hybrid hydrogelators, composed of protein-polymer conjugates, formed a hydrogel depot at the close proximity to the dermis, resulting in a rapid migration of immune cells to the hydrogel boundary and infiltration to the microporous network. The biocompatibility of the watery microporous network allows recruitment of DCs without a DC enhancement factor, which was significantly higher than that of traditional hydrogel releasing chemoattractants, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Owing to the sustained degradation of microporous hydrogel network, DNA vaccine release can be sustained, and the recruitment of DCs and their homing to lymph node can be modulated. Furthermore, immunization of a vaccine encoding amyloid-β fusion proteinbearing microporous network induced a robust antigen-specific immune response in vivo and strong recall immune response was exhibited due to immunogenic memory. These hybrid hydrogels can be administered in a minimally invasive manner using hypodermic needle, bypassing the need for cytokine or DC enhancement factor and provide niche to host immune cells. These findings highlight the potential of hybrid hydrogels that may serve as a simple, yet multifunctional, platform for DNA vaccine delivery to modulate immune response.

Nguyen Quang Khuyen, Jose G Martinez, Friedrich Kaasik, Tarmo Tamm, Toribio F Otero, Rudolf Kiefer, "Solvent effects on carbide-derived-carbon trilayer bending actuators", Synthetic Metals, 247, (2019), 170-176 (ISI, IF: 2.526)

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379677918305861

Abstract:

Abstract:
Bending actuators were prepared by depositing carbide-derived carbon, a material typical for electric double layer capacitors, on both sides of poly-vinylidenefluoride membranes, forming CDC-trilayers. Their actuation properties were studied using 0.5 M solutions of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) in different solvents: water, ethylene glycol, acetonitrile, and propylene carbonate. The goal of this work was to study the actuation mechanism, charging-discharging properties in these solvents, as well as to establish the optimal solvent for maximum bending displacement. It was found that while the actuation direction was the same for all solvents, pointing to similar mechanism, the exchanged charge and the displacement differed considerably. Moreover, the highest specific capacitance found in ethylene glycol did not bring along the highest displacement, neither was the highest exchanged charge of propylene carbonate the most efficient option, the acetonitrile was the clear winner. The available electrochemical windows for the reversible charging also differed considerably.

Thai Thanh Hoang Thi, Thi Nhu Quynh Nguyen, Duc Thuan Hoang, Van Cuong Ngo, Dai Hai Nguyen, "Functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles and biomedical applications", Materials Science and Engineering: C, 99, (2019), 631-656 (ISI, IF: 5.080)

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928493117343461

Abstract:

Since the first report in early 1990s, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have progressively attracted the attention of scientists due to their potential applications in physic, energy storage, imaging, and especially in biomedical engineering. Owning the unique physiochemical properties, such as highly porosity, large surface area and pore volume, functionalizable, tunable pore and particle sizes and biocompatibility, and high loading cavity, MSNs offer efficient encapsulation and then controlled release, and in some cases, intracellular delivery of bioactive molecules for biomedical applications. During the last decade, functionalized MSNs that show respond upon the surrounding stimulus changes, such as temperature, pH, redox, light, ultrasound, magnetic or electric fields, enzyme, redox, ROS, glucose, and ATP, or their combinations, have continuously revolutionized their potential applications in biomedical engineering. Therefore, this review focuses on discussion the recent fabrication of functionalized MSNs and their potential applications in drug delivery, therapeutic treatments, diagnostic imaging, and biocatalyst. In addition, some potential clinical applications and challenges will also be discussed.

Hoang Chinh Nguyen, Chia-Hung Su, Yuan-Kun Yu, Dinh Thi My Huong, "Sugarcane bagasse as a novel carbon source for heterotrophic cultivation of oleaginous microalga Schizochytrium sp", Industrial crops and products, 121, (2018), 99-105 (ISI, IF: 3.849)

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669018304163

Abstract:

Oleaginous microalgae are known as promising oil producers, which accumulate high amount of lipids from various carbon substrates. This study first investigated sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate as a cheap carbon source for the production of biomass and lipid by Schizochytrium sp. The sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with alkali followed by phosphoric acid to remove lignin and enhance xylose production, respectively. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated sugarcane bagasse by cellulase was subsequently optimized. A maximum glucose yield of 95.77% was obtained at an enzyme loading of 0.3 mL/g with a hydrolysis reaction time of 48 h. The sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate containing glucose and xylose was subsequently used as a substrate for cultivating Schizochytrium sp. Results showed that sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate performed better than refined glucose for cell growth and lipid accumulation. The maximum biomass (10.45 g/L) and lipid content (45.15%) were achieved by growing Schizochytrium sp. in a medium containing 40 g/L glucose in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate for 72 h. Sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate also resulted in higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid and docosahexaenoic acid than did refined glucose. This study suggests that sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate is a low-cost and effective carbon source for microalgal biomass and lipid production.

Hoang Chinh Nguyen, Shih-Hsiang Liang, Shang-Sian Chen, Chia-Hung Su, Jhih-Huei Lin, Chien-Chung Chien, "Enzymatic production of biodiesel from insect fat using methyl acetate as an acyl acceptor: optimization by using response surface methodology", Energy Conversion and Management, 158, (2018), 168-175 (ISI, IF: 6.377)

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019689041731227X

Abstract:

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are oleaginous insects that can assimilate organic waste for fat accumulation, and thus serve as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production. In lipase-catalyzed transesterification, enzymes are deactivated by excess methanol. To address this obstacle, methyl acetate is suggested as an alternative acyl acceptor to methanol. In this study, methyl acetate was first used in the enzymatic production of biodiesel with BSFL as a triglyceride source. The interesterification of BSFL fat with methyl acetate was catalyzed using Novozym 435 as an efficient immobilized lipase. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the reaction and establish a reliable mathematical model for prediction. A maximum biodiesel yield of 96.97% was reached at a reaction time of 12 h, molar ratio of methyl acetate to fat of 14.64: 1, enzyme loading of 17.58%, and temperature of 39.5 °C. Under these optimal reaction conditions, Novozym 435 could be reused for up to 20 cycles without loss in enzyme activity. The properties of BSFL biodiesel were also investigated and all met the European standard EN 14214. This study indicates that the enzymatic interesterification of BSFL fat with methyl acetate is a promising and ecofriendly method for green fuel production.

Long‐Bin Jeng, Bharath Kumar Velmurugan, Hsi‐Hsien Hsu, Su‐Ying Wen, Chia‐Yao Shen, Chih‐Hao Lin, Yueh‐Min Lin, Ray‐Jade Chen, Wei‐Wen Kuo, Chih‐Yang Huang, "Fenofibrate induced PPAR alpha expression was attenuated by oestrogen receptor alpha overexpression in Hep3B cells", Environmental toxicology, 33, 2, (2018), 234-247 (ISI, IF: 2.491)

Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/tox.22511

Abstract:

The physiological regulation of Oestrogen receptor α (ERα) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. The present study we first treat the cells with fenofibrate and further investigated the possible mechanisms of 17β‐estradiol (E2) and/or ERα on regulating PPARα expression. We also found higher PPARα expression in the tumor area than adjacent areas and subsequently compared PPARα expression in four different hepatic cancer cell lines. Hep3B cells were found to express more PPARα than the other cell lines. Using the PPARα agonist fenofibrate, we found that fenofibrate increased Hep3B cell proliferation efficiency by increasing cell cycle proteins, such as cyclin D1 and PCNA, and inhibiting p27 and caspase 3 expressions. Next, we performed transient transfections and immuno‐precipitation studies using the pTRE2/ERα plasmid to evaluate the interaction between ERα and PPARα. ERα interacted directly with PPARα and negatively regulated its function. Moreover, in Tet‐on ERα over‐expressed Hep3B cells, E2 treatment inhibited PPARα, its downstream gene acyl‐CoA oxidase (ACO), cyclin D1 and PCNA expression and further increased p27 and caspase 3 expressions. However, over‐expressed ERα plus 17‐β‐estradiol (10−8 M) reversed the fenofibrate effect and induced apoptosis, which was blocked in ICI/melatonin/fenofibrate‐treated cells. This study illustrates that PPARα expression and function were negatively regulated by ERα expression in Hep3B cells.

Bharath Kumar Velmurugan, Lohanathan Bharathi Priya, Paramasivan Poornima, Li‐Jen Lee, Rathinasamy Baskaran, "Biomaterial aided differentiation and maturation of induced pluripotent stem cells", Journal of cellular physiology, 234, 6, (2019), 8443-8454 (ISI, IF: 3.923)

Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcp.27769

Abstract:

Engineering/reprogramming differentiated adult somatic cells to gain the ability to differentiate into any type of cell lineage are called as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Offering unlimited self‐renewal and differentiation potential, these iPSC are aspired to meet the growing demands in the field of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, disease modeling, nanotechnology, and drug discovery. Biomaterial fabrication with the rapid evolution of technology increased their versatility and utility in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, revolutionizing the stem cell biology research with the property to guide the process of proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Combining traditional culture platforms of iPSC with biomaterials aids to overcome the limitations associated with derivation, proliferation, and maturation, thereby could improve the clinical translation of iPSC. The present review discusses in brief about the reprogramming techniques for the derivation iPSC and details on several biomaterial guided differentiation of iPSC to different cell types with specific relevance to tissue engineering/regenerative medicine.

Long‐Bin Jeng, Bharath Kumar Velmurugan, Ming‐Cheng Chen, Hsi‐Hsien Hsu, Tsung‐Jung Ho, Cecilia‐Hsuan Day, Yueh‐Min Lin, V Vijaya Padma, Chuan‐Chou Tu, Chih‐Yang Huang, "Fisetin mediated apoptotic cell death in parental and Oxaliplatin/irinotecan resistant colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo", Journal of cellular physiology, 233, 9, (2018), 7134-7142 (ISI, IF: 3.923)

Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcp.26532

Abstract:

Irinotecan (CPT11) and Oxaliplatin have been used in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin for treating colorectal cancer. However, the efficacy of these drugs is reduced due to various side effects and drug resistance. Fisetin, a hydroxyflavone possess anti‐proliferative, anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant activity against various types of cancers. Apart from that, fisetin has been shown to induce cytotoxic effects when combined with other known chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether Fisetin was capable of sensitizing both Irinotecan and Oxaliplatin resistance colon cancer cells and explored the possible signaling pathways involved using In vitro and In vivo models. The results showed that Fisetin treatment effectively inhibited cell viability and apoptosis of CPT11‐LoVo cells than Oxaliplatin (OR) and parental LoVo cancer cells. Western blot assays suggested that apoptosis was induced by fisetin administration, promoting Caspase‐8, and Cytochrome‐C expressions possibly by inhibiting aberrant activation of IGF1R and AKT proteins. Furthermore, fisetin inhibited tumor growth in athymic nude mouse xenograft model. Overall, our results provided a basis for Fisetin as a promising agent to treat parental as well as chemoresistance colon cancer.

Bharath Kumar Velmurugan, Chi‐Ru Chan, Ching‐Feng Weng, "Innate‐immune responses of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) exposure to acute cold stress", Journal of cellular physiology, (2019) (ISI, IF: 3.923)

Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcp.28270

Abstract:

In this present study, Oreochromis mossambicus tilapia were transferred to cold water at 12°C for various time intervals (1, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hr) and its innate immune response was analyzed by studying cellular and humoral parameters. In vivo, alternative complement pathway activity in blood plasma was rapidly increased at 1 hr of cold water (12°C) exposure. Lysozyme activity and cortisol levels of plasma were increased at 4 and 1 hr, respectively. Surprisingly, only plasma cortisol levels remained unchanged through 24 hr of cold water transfer. Phagocytic ability, phagocytic capacity, and respiratory burst (RB) activity of head kidney (HK) leukocytes and splenocytes showed no any significant changes. In peripheral blood leukocytes, phagocytic capacity, and RB activity were increased at 24 hr of cold water exposure. The expressions of genes involved innate immunity in splenocytes and HK leukocytes of tilapia cold water exposure were analyzed, messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of HSP70, HSP90, and immunoglobulin M failed to change upon exposure to cold stress. Major histocompatibility complex‐I and II mRNAs were significantly increased in tilapia splenocytes at 1 hr of cold water transferred. Whereas myxovirus (Mx) expression was increased in splenocytes and HK leukocytes of tilapia after 1 hr of cold water exposed. Our result reveals that the exposure of tilapia to acute cold stress condition significantly enhances plasma acid phosphatase activity and both phagocytic capacity and RB activity. Furthermore, cold stress significantly stimulates Mx gene expression in splenocytes and HK leukocytes.

Tran Thien Khanh, Arko Kesküla, Zane Zondaka, Madis Harjo, Alo Kivilo, Mahdi Safaei Khorram, Tarmo Tamm, Rudolf Kiefer, "Role of polymerization temperature on the performance of polypyrrole/dodecylbenzenesulphonate linear actuators", Synthetic Metals, 247, (2019), 53-58 (ISI, IF: 2.526)

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379677918305381

Abstract:

Polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzenesulphonate (PPy/DBS) free-standing films were electropolymerized in sodium perchlorate propylene carbonate solution at different temperatures, observing increasing conductivity with decreasing synthesis temperature. Our goal in this study was to evaluate how the linear actuation of PPy depends on the polymerization temperature. The anion driven actuation of materials synthesized at lower temperatures changed to mainly cation active for PPy/DBS films polymerized at 20 °C; the latter films also showed the highest diffusion coefficients. Scanning electron microscopy did show that the surface roughness of the films increased with increasing synthesis temperature, as expected. Isometric and isotonic electro-chemo mechanical deformation (ECMD) measurements were performed with combined electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry), revealing wide differences in the actuation behavior.

C-Y Huang, BK Velmurugan, M-C Chen, CH Day, W-S Chien, VV Padma, H-C Wu, T-H Lin, H-H Hsu, C-H Shen, "KHC-4 inhibits β-catenin expression in prostate cancer cells", Biotechnic & Histochemistry, (2019), 1-7 (ISI, IF: 1.074)

Link: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10520295.2019.1574026

Abstract:

KHC-4 is a 2-phenyl-4-quinolone analogue that exhibits anticancer activity. Aberrant activation of β-catenin signaling contributes to prostate cancer development and progression. Therefore, targeting β-catenin expression could be a useful approach to treating prostate cancer. We found that KHC-4 can inhibit β-catenin expression and its signaling pathway in DU145 prostate cancer cells. Treatment with KHC-4 decreased total β-catenin expression and concomitantly decreased β-catenin levels in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells. KHC-4 treatment also inhibited β-catenin expression and that of its target proteins, PI3K, AKT, GSK3β and TBX3. We monitored the stability of β-catenin with the proteasomal inhibitor, MG132, in DU145 cells and found that MG132 reversed KHC-4-induced proteasomal β-catenin degradation. We verified CDK1/β-catenin expression in KHC-4 treated DU145 cells. We found that roscovitine treatment reversed cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and β-catenin expression caused by KHC-4 treatment. We suggest that KHC-4 inhibits β-catenin signaling in DU145 prostate cancer cells.

Thai Minh Duy Le, Huu Thuy Trang Duong, Thavasyappan Thambi, VH Giang Phan, Ji Hoon Jeong, Doo Sung Lee, "Bioinspired pH-and Temperature-Responsive Injectable Adhesive Hydrogels with Polyplexes Promotes Skin Wound Healing", Biomacromolecules, 19, 8, (2018), 3536-3548 (ISI, IF: 5.738)

Link: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00819

Abstract:

Despite great potential, the delivery of genetic materials into cells or tissues of interest remains challenging owing to their susceptibility to nuclease degradation, lack of permeability to the cell membrane, and short in vivo half-life, which severely restrict their widespread use in therapeutics. To surmount these shortcomings, we developed a bioinspired in situ-forming pH- and temperature-sensitive injectable hydrogel depot that could control the delivery of DNA-bearing polyplexes for versatile biomedical applications. A series of multiblock copolymer, comprised of water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and pH- and temperature-responsive poly(sulfamethazine ester urethane) (PSMEU), has been synthesized as in situ-forming injectable hydrogelators. The free-flowing PEG–PSMEU copolymer sols at high pH and room temperature (pH 8.5, 23 °C) were transformed to stable gel at the body condition (pH 7.4, 37 °C). Physical and mechanical properties of hydrogels, including their degradation rate and viscosity, are elegantly controlled by varying the composition of urethane ester units. Subcutaneous administration of free-flowing PEG–PSMEU copolymer sols to the dorsal region of Sprague–Dawley rats instantly formed hydrogel depot. The degradation of the hydrogel depot was slow at the beginning and found to be bioresorbable after two months. Cationic protein or DNA-bearing polyplex-loaded PEG–PSMEU copolymer sols formed stable gel and controlled its release over 10 days in vivo. Owing to the presence of urethane linkages, the PEG–PSMEU possesses excellent adhesion strength to wide range of surfaces including glass, plastic, and fresh organs. More importantly, the hydrogels effectively adhered on human skin and peeled easily without eliciting an inflammatory response. Subcutaneous implantation of PEG–PSMEU copolymer sols effectively sealed the ruptured skin, which accelerated the wound healing process as observed by the skin appendage morphogenesis. The bioinspired in situ-forming pH- and temperature-sensitive injectable adhesive hydrogel may provide a promising platform for myriad biomedical applications as controlled delivery vehicle, adhesive, and tissue regeneration.

Huu Thuy Trang Duong, Yue Yin, Thavasyappan Thambi, Thanh Loc Nguyen, VH Giang Phan, Min Sang Lee, Jung Eun Lee, Jaeyun Kim, Ji Hoon Jeong, Doo Sung Lee, "Smart vaccine delivery based on microneedle arrays decorated with ultra-pH-responsive copolymers for cancer immunotherapy", Biomaterials, 185, (2018), 13-24 (ISI, IF: 8.806)

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961218306392

Abstract:

Despite the tremendous potential of DNA-based cancer vaccines, their efficacious delivery to antigen presenting cells to stimulate both humoral and cellular response remains a major challenge. Although electroporation-based transfection has improved performance, an optimal strategy for safe and pain-free vaccination technique remains elusive. Herein, we report a smart DNA vaccine delivery system in which nanoengineered DNA vaccine was laden on microneedles (MNs) assembled with layer-by-layer coating of ultra-pH-responsive OSM-(PEG-PAEU) and immunostimulatory adjuvant poly(I:C), a synthetic double stranded RNA. Transcutaneous application of MN patches onto the mice skin perforate the stratum corneum with minimal cell damage; subsequent disassembly at the immune-cell-rich epidermis/dermis allows the release of adjuvants and DNA vaccines, owing to the ultra-sharp pH-responsive nature of OSM-(PEG-PAEU). The released adjuvant and DNA vaccine can enhance dendritic cell maturation and induce type I interferons, and thereby produce antigen-specific antibody that can achieve the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and CD8+ T cell to kill cancer cells. Strikingly, transcutaneous application of smart vaccine formulation in mice elicited 3-fold greater frequencies of Anti-OVA IgG1 serum antibody and 3-fold excess of cytotoxic CD8+ T cell than soluble DNA vaccine formulation. As a consequence, the formulation rejected the murine B16/OVA melanoma tumors in C57BL/6 mice through the synergistic activation of antigen-specific ADCC and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. The maneuvered use of vaccine and adjuvant poly(I:C) in MNs induces humoral and cellular immunity, which provides a promising vaccine technology that shows improved efficacy, compliance, and safety.

Siti Norayu Idris, Abdul Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed and Rosna Mat Taha, “Sucrose enhanced stigmasterol production in callus cultures of Wedelia biflora (L.) D.C.”, Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 2018, 101, 3, 251-260 (ISI, IF: 0.27).

https://pas.cafs.uplb.edu.ph/category/2018/

Abstract:

Callus culture method was used to extract stigmasterol in mass amount. The current study aims to enhance the production of stigmasterol by manipulation of sucrose concentrations in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. A combination of 2 mg NAA L-1 (an auxin) and 2.5 mg 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) L-1 (a cytokinin) in MS medium was the best concentration to stimulate callus formation from stem explants of W. biflora with the fastest response (10 d), the highest biomass of callus (55 mg dry weight) and the best callus characteristic (green and compact). Application of 4% (w/v) sucrose in MS medium enhanced callus formation along with callus biomass and stigmasterol production (88 mg g-1) compared with the control (58.3 mg g-1) and in vivo grown stem (53.4 mg g-1). Production of stigmasterol from W. biflora with reduced production time and cost is now possible with the methods obtained from the current study.

A.B.A. Ahmed, J. Magesh, S.N. Idris, E.N. Mubarak and R.M. Taha, “Chemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Micropropagation and Field-Grown Plants ofWedelia biflora [L.]”, Journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2018, 21, 6, 1712-1724 (ISI: IF 0.72)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0972060X.2018.1538819

Abstract:

An efficient regeneration protocol through axillary and inter nodal explants was developed from Wedelia biflora. Explants were placed on MS medium supplemented with different treatments of cytokinins, 6-benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin (KIN) for adventitious shoot production. The highest multiple shoots (95 %; 26.4 shoots/ explant) and elongation (2.75 cm shoot length), was obtained in 1.0 BA mg L-1 in axillary node explants. The shoot was transferred to half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 IBA showed the best root formation (85 %; 22.2 roots/shoot; 2.65 cm root length; propagate leaf d.w 1.42 g L-1 and root d.w 1.10 g L-1) and plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the green house. The compositions of essential oils were studied in in vitro and in vivo leaf explants and to determine their absolute and relative concentrations using GC-MS and GC-FID, respectively. In vitro and in vivo variations in composition among the essential oils were detected. Sesquiterpene and monoterpene are major components in the oil of in vitro and in vivo leaves of W. biflora. Essential oil quantification showed α-pinene (44.03 %); verbenone (15.37 %); δ-cadinene (5.48 %) of in vivo leaves; whereas α-pinene (5.02 %); verbenone (1.40 %) and δ-cadinene (3.13 %) of in vitroleave respectively. The in vitro and in vivo essential oils were analyzed by bacterial and fungal organism through disc diffusion and minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) methods. The results were compared with reference drugs ciprofloxacin and nystatin respectively. In vitro developed plants exhibited higher sesquiterpene contents and antimicrobial activity than field grown plant.

Bharath Kumar Velmurugan, Baskaran Rathinasamy, Bharathi Priya Lohanathan, Varadharajan Thiyagarajan and Ching-Feng Weng, “Neuroprotective Role of Phytochemicals”, Molecules, 2018, 23 (10), 2485 (ISI: IF: 3.060)
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/10/2485

Abstract:

Neurodegenerative diseases are normally distinguished as disorders with loss of neurons. Various compounds are being tested to treat neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) but they possess solitary symptomatic advantages with numerous side effects. Accumulative studies have been conducted to validate the benefit of phytochemicals to treat neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this present review we explored the potential efficacy of phytochemicals such as epigallocatechin-3-galate, berberin, curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin and limonoids against the most common NDs, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The beneficial potentials of these phytochemicals have been demonstrated by evidence-based but more extensive investigation needs to be conducted for reducing the progression of AD and PD.

M.S. Khorram, G. Zhang, A. Fatemi, R. Kiefer, K. Maddah, M. Baqar, Md P. Zakaria and G. Li, “Impact of biochar and compost amendment on soil quality, growth and yield of a replanted apple orchard in a 4-year field study”, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2019, 99, 1862-1869 (ISI, h index 121, IF 2.42). 
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jsfa.9380

Abstract:

BACKGROUND
Numerous studies have addressed the positive effects of organic amendments on soil and plant productivity under short‐term field studies. However, to date, few studies have been conducted on the effects of organic amendment on the orchards where high nutrient bioavailability is required. This study deals with the effects of biochar and compost on soil quality, growth and yield of a replanted apple orchard in the northeast of Iran.
RESULTS
Biochar+compost application resulted in 37% and 300% higher soil total organic carbon and available phosphorus content, respectively, during the first 3 years of experimentation compared to control. Similarly, trunk diameter and shoot number of apple trees increased 23–26% by the end of the first year. Nevertheless, there were no significant changes in fruitfulness, fruit weight or starch pattern index as productivity indices.
CONCLUSION
Biochar and compost were beneficial in improving soil quality, mainly by increasing soil nutrient content and decreasing soil bulk density, and in increasing plant growth at early growth stages of apple orchards. However, they failed to enhance overall yield and fruit quality, most likely due to their limited ability to suppress apple replant disease.

I. Põldsalu, U. Johanson, T. Tamm, A. Punning, F. Greco, A.-L. Peikolainen, R. Kiefer, A. Aabloo, “Mechanical and electro-mechanical properties of EAP actuators with inkjet printed electrodes”, Synthetic Metals, 2018, 246, 122–127 (ISI, h index 132, IF 2.9). 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0379677918304338

Abstract:

Electrically conductive polymer (CP) based ionic electromechanically active polymer composites (IEAP-s) are attractive as bending and linear actuators in compliant and miniature devices due to low operating voltage. Ink-jet printing is a promising technology for fabrication of microscale CP-based IEAP-s with customized shapes and geometries. The current study investigates tailoring of the mechanical and electromechanical properties of the actuators by controlled growth of ink-jet printed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) based electrodes on commercial poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) membranes. In parallel with PEDOT:PSS, hybrid actuators with ink-jet printed PEDOT:PSS and activated carbon aerogel electrodes were investigated. Cumulative growth of electrodes with each deposited layer was achieved in the case of both electrode materials. The strain, blocking force and capacitance of the actuators were in linear correlation with the thickness of the electrodes. Simple method of control encourages implementation of ink-jet-printing technology for manufacturing of IEAP micro-actuators with desired mechanical and electromechanical properties.

M.Tania, J. Shawon, K. Saif, R. Kiefer, M. Safaei Khorram, Md. A. Halim and Md. A. Khan, “Cordycepin Downregulates Cdk-2 to Interfere with Cell Cycle and Increases Apoptosis by Generating ROS in Cervical Cancer Cells: in vitro and in silico Study”, Current Cancer Drug Targets, 2019, 19, 152-159 (ISI, H index 85, IF: 2.28).
https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ben/ccdt/2019/00000019/00000002/art00007

Abstract:

Background: Cordycepin is a small molecule from medicinal mushroom Cordyceps, which has been reported for anticancer properties.
Objective: In this study, we have focused on the investigation of cordycepin effect on cervical cancer cells with further clarification of possible molecular mechanism. 
Method: We have used cell viability and cell counting assay for cytotoxic effect of cordycepin, flow cytometric assay of apoptosis and cell cycle, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting for the determination of target gene expression. Molecular docking and Molecular dynamics simulation were used for in silico analysis of cordycepin affinity to target protein(s). 
Results: Treatment of cordycepin controlled SiHa and HeLa cervical cancer cell growth, increased the rate of their apoptosis, and interfered with cell cycle, specifically elongated S-phase. qPCR results indicated that there was a downregulation of cell cycle proteins CDK-2, CYCLIN-A2 and CYCLIN-E1 in mRNA level by cordycepin treatment but no significant change was observed in pro-apoptotic or antiapoptotic proteins. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in cordycepin treated cells was increased significantly, implying that apoptosis might be induced by ROS. Western blot analysis confirmed significant decrease of Cdk-2 and mild decrease of Cyclin-E1 and Cyclin-A2 by cordycepin, which might be responsible for regulating cell cycle. Molecular docking indicated high binding affinity of cordycepin against Cdk-2. Molecular dynamics simulation further confirmed that the docked pose of cordycepin-Cdk-2 complex remained within the binding pocket for 10 ns. 
Conclusion: Our study suggests that cordycepin is effective against cervical cancer cells, and regulating cell cycle via cell cycle proteins, especially downregulating Cdk-2, and inducing apoptosis by generating ROS are among the mechanisms of anticancer activities of cordycepin.

R. Kiefer, R. Khadka, J. Travas-Sejdic, “Poly(ethylene oxide) in polypyrrole doped dodecylbenzenesulfonate: characterisation and linear actuation”, International Journal of Nanotechnology, 2018, 15, 689-694 (ISI, H index 32, IF 0.56).  
https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJNT.2018.098435

Abstract:

We show improvement in linear actuation properties of polypyrrole-doped dodecylbenzenesulfonate (PPy/DBS) by incorporating varying amounts of polyethylene oxide (5 wt % or 15 wt %) into PPy during electroploymerisation (PPy/DBS-PEO). Knowing that pristine PPy/DBS linear actuators in aqueous electrolytes are driven by cation ingress during reduction, the actuation properties are studied in isotonic (length change) mode of electro-chemo-mechanical-deformation (ECMD) measurements. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy revealed that PEO is incorporated in PPy/DBS films. ECMD studies revealed a three-fold improvement in electronic conductivity for the PPyDBS-PEO 15% film that also demonstrated improved strain of 7% in comparison to the strain of PPy/DBS film of 1.9%.

Z. Zondaka, T. Tamm, A. Aabloo, R. Kiefer, "Solvent change in polymerization influence linear actuation of polypyrrole carbide-derived carbon films ," Proceedings SPIE 10594, Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) XX, 105942H (27 March 2018) (conference scopus, h index 151, IF 0.56) 
https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/10594/105942H/Solvent-change-in-polymerization-influence-linear-actuation-of-polypyrrole-carbide/10.1117/12.2300146.short

Abstract:

For actuator applications, conducting polymers are typically deposited at lower temperatures e.g. -20°C, in order to obtain more regular, smooth and ordered films with fewer defects. Clearly, standard aqueous electrolyte solutions cannot be used at these temperatures, and some organic solvents cannot be used, as not all salts are soluble in these. A wellknown approach is to use ethylene glycol: water mixtures (often 50:50 wt%, PPy/CDC(EG:W). The goal of this work is to analyze the role of water in the solution: to compare the linear actuation properties of conducting polymer hybrid films PPy/CDC(EG) polymerized from just ethylene glycol solution and that with 50% water, both at -20°C. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometric electro-chemo-mechanical-deformation (ECMD) measurements were performed to study the linear actuation properties in lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide in aqueous solution (LiTFSI-aq). Both conductivity and linear actuation strain were found dependent on the solvent in the polymerization solution with ethylene glycol: water the clearly superior solvent choice.

A. Kivilo, Z. Zondaka, S. Nakshatharan, K.-A. Küppar, T. Tamm, R. Kiefer, "Poly-3,4-ethylenedixoythiophene on carbide-derived carbon trilayer: combined linear actuation characterization", Proc. SPIE 10594, Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) XX, 105942L (27 March 2018) (conference scopus, h index 151, IF 0.56) 
https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/10594/105942L/Poly-34-ethylenedixoythiophene-on-carbide-derived-carbon-trilayer--combined/10.1117/12.2300133.short

Abstract:

Carbide-derived carbon (CDC) based actuators have been typically formulated as trilayer systems and applied in bending displacement. In this work, we want to demonstrate that CDC deposited on glass fiber fabric (CDC-TL) with an additional poly-3.4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) layer electropolymerized on top forming a polylayer (expressed as CDC-PEDOT-TL) can be used as a linear actuator. Isotonic and isometric electro-chemo-mechanical deformation (ECMD) measurements in lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide propylene carbonate (LiTFSI-PC) were performed, revealing that the CDC expansion at discharging can be found in CDC-PEDOT-TL (main expansion at oxidation of 0.5% strain) in same extent of 0.24 %. The stress found in similar values of 30 kPa for both system. Besides the nearly 5times better conductivity of CDC-PEDOT-TL, the charge density reduce nearly half in comparison to CDC-TL.

Dieu-Hien Truong, Dinh Hieu Nguyen, Nhat Thuy Anh Ta, Anh Vo Bui, Tuong Ha Do and Hoang Chinh Nguyen, “Evaluation of the Use of Different Solvents for Phytochemical Constituents, Antioxidants, and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Severinia buxifolia”, Journal of Food Quality, 2019, 8178294 (ISI: IF: 1,767).
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jfq/2019/8178294/

Abstract:

Severinia buxifolia (Rutaceae) is a promising source of bioactive compounds since it has been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of different solvents on extraction yields, phytochemical constituents and antioxidants, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of S. buxifolia. The results showed that the used solvents took an important role in the yield of extraction, the content of chemical components, and the tested biological activities. Methanol was identified as the most effective solvent for the extraction, resulting in the highest extraction yield (33.2%) as well as the highest content of phenolic (13.36 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoid (1.92 mg QE/g DW), alkaloid (1.40 mg AE/g DW), and terpenoids (1.25%, w/w). The extract obtained from methanol exhibited high capacity of antioxidant (IC50value of 16.99 μg/mL) and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity (i.e., albumin denaturation: IC50 = 28.86 μg/mL; antiproteinase activity: IC50 = 414.29 μg/mL; and membrane stabilization: IC50 = 319 μg/mL). The antioxidant activity of the S. buxifolia extract was found to be 3-fold higher than ascorbic acid, and the anti-inflammatory activity of S. buxifolia extract was comparable to aspirin. Therefore, methanol is recommended as the optimal solvent to obtain high content of phytochemical constituents as well as high antioxidants and in vitro anti-inflammatory constituents from the branches of S. buxifolia for utilization in pharmacognosy.

Nguyen Chi Thanh, Boonchai Wichitsathian, Chatpet Yossapol, Watcharapol Wonglertarak and Borano Te, “Improvement of aqueous solution coexisting with arsenite and arsenate using iron mixed porous clay pellets in batch and fixed-bed column studies”, Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 2019, ws2019069 (ISI: IF: 0.674).
https://iwaponline.com/ws/article-abstract/doi/10.2166/ws.2019.069/67109/Improvement-of-aqueous-solution-coexisting-with?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Abstract:

Arsenic-polluted water is a global concern and puts millions of people at risk of developing cancer. The improvement of aqueous solution coexisting with arsenite and arsenate using iron mixed porous clay pellets was investigated in batch and fixed-bed column systems. Batch studies showed that the removal rate occurred in two main phases with an equilibrium time of 52 h. The pseudo-second-order model well described the experimental data. Isotherm data were well fitted by the Langmuir–Freundlich model. The removal efficiency was significantly reduced in alkaline solution and the presence of phosphate ions. The column study revealed that the breakthrough time and saturation time increased with lower feeding flow rate, higher bed height, and lower initial adsorbate concentration. The Thomas model provided good performance for predicting the column experimental data.

Nagarajan Ganesan, Rathinasamy Baskaran, Bharath Kumar Velmurugan and Nguyen Chi Thanh, “Antrodia cinnamomea—An updated minireview of its bioactive components and biological activity”, Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2019, 43, e12936 (ISI: IF: 1.552).
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jfbc.12936

Abstract:

Antrodia cinnamomea or Antrodia camphorata is a distinctive mushroom of Taiwan, which is being used as a traditional medicine to treat various health‐related conditions. More than 78 compounds have been identified in A. cinnamomea. Large numbers of phytochemical studies have been carried out in A. cinnamomea due to the high amount of terpenoids. Besides that, the extracts and active components of A. cinnamomea were reported to have various biological activities including hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities. In this review article, we have summarized the recent findings of A. cinnamomea and its molecular mechanisms of action in various disease models.

Minh-Khiem Nguyen, Kuan-Hung Lin, Li-Ru Chen, Tung-Chuan Hsiung and Yukio Ozaki, “Efficient in vitro Plant Regeneration from Protocorm of Bletilla formosana (Hayata) Schltr.”, Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 2018, 63, 2, 231–240 (ISI: IF: 0.351). 
https://catalog.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp/opac_download_md/1955387/p231.pdf

Abstract:

An efficient mass propagation method for Bletilla formosana (Hayata) Schltr. was successfully established through direct shoot organogenesis. Multiple shoots were induced from protocorm explants on half– strength Murashige and Skoog (1/2–MS) basal medium containing 2 mg/L N–phenyl–N’–1,2,3–thiadiazol–5– yl urea (TDZ) and 0.5 mg/L 1–naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) with the highest shoot formation rate of 100% and a maximum average shoot number of 5.2. The application of either NAA or 2,4–dichlorophenoxy (2,4–D) significantly induced root induction from shoots, and 2 mg/L NAA provided the highest root formation rate of 100% and a maximum number of roots (4.4 per shoot). Supplementation with kinetin and benzylaminopurine (BAP) of 0.5~2.0 mg/L in 1/2–MS basal medium significantly promoted plantlet growth. To optimize the in vitro development of plantlets, 1/2–MS basal medium with modified 1/4–strength nitrogen content, and 20 g/L sucrose was used. Well–developed plantlets were successfully acclimatized in a greenhouse with over a 90% survival rate. This effective protocol of in vitro plant regeneration through direct shoot organogenesis can be utilized for the mass propagation and germplasm conservation of B. formosana.

Kuo-Chan Hung, Ngoc Tuan Nguyen, Yu-Ling Sun and Shir-Ly Huang, “Bio-Fenton reaction involved in the cleavage of the ethoxylate chain of nonionic surfactants by dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas nitroreducens TX1”, Scientific Reports, 2019, 9, 6827 (ISI: IF: 4.122)
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-43266-8

Abstract:

Bacteria in the environment play a major role in the degradation of widely used man-made recalcitrant organic compounds. Pseudomonas nitroreducens TX1 is of special interest because of its high efficiency to remove nonionic ethoxylated surfactants. In this study, a novel approach was demonstrated by a bacterial enzyme involved in the formation of radicals to attack ethoxylated surfactants. The dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase was purified from the crude extract of strain TX1 by using octylphenol polyethoxylate (OPEOn) as substrate. The extent of removal of OPEOs during the degradation process was conducted by purified recombinant enzyme from E. coli BL21 (DE3) in the presence of the excess of metal mixtures (Mn2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+). The metabolites and the degradation rates were analyzed and determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The enzyme was demonstrated to form Fenton reagent in the presence of an excess of metals. Under this in vitro condition, it was shown to be able to shorten the ethoxylate chains of OPEOn. After 2 hours of reaction, the products obtained from the degradation experiment revealed a prominent ion peak at m/z = 493.3, namely the ethoxylate chain unit is 6 (OPEO6) compared to OPEO9 (m/z = 625.3), the main undegraded surfactant in the no enzyme control. It revealed that the concentration of OPEO15 and OPEO9 decreased by 90% and 40% after 4 hours, respectively. The disappearance rates for the OPEOn homologs correlated to the length of the exothylate chains, suggesting it is not a specific enzymatic reaction which cleaves one unit by unit from the end of the ethoxylate chain. The results indicate the diverse and novel strategy by bacteria to catabolize organic compounds by using existing housekeeping enzyme(s).

Le Quoc Bao, Vu Hoang Giang Phan and Nguyen Quang Khuyen, “Investigating effects of nano cerium oxide reinforcement on mechanical properties of composite based on natural rubber”, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2018, 1954, 1, 10.1063/1.5033391 (conference scopus, h index 54) 
https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5033391

Abstract:

Polymer nanocomposites that based on combination of nanomaterials (such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanorods, nanofibers, and nanosheets) and polymeric matrices are receiving great attention in research and application. However, separate and homogenous dispersion rather than aggregates of nanoparticles into matrices meet big difficulty due to large interaction between nanoparticles. The poor dispersion leads to low properties of nanocomposites. In this study, we find out the appropriate method to separately disperse cerium oxides (CeO2) nanoparticles into natural rubber, aiming to increase mechanical properties of natural rubber. The SEM images were used to evaluate the dispersion of nano CeO2 in natural rubber matrix. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites were measured after vulcanization to investigate effects of nano CeO2amount on prepared composite. The findings exhibited that the addition of CeO2 by dispersion of nano CeO2 in water via ultrasonication before mixing with rubber latex, significantly increase modulus, tear and wear resistance of natural rubber. 

Hoang Chinh Nguyen, Dinh Thi My Huong, Horng-Yi Juan, Chia-Hung Su and Chien-Chung Chien, “Liquid Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification of Oleic Acid with Methanol for Biodiesel Production in the Presence of Superabsorbent Polymer: Optimization by Using Response Surface Methodology”, Energies, 2018, 11, 5, 1085 (ISI: IF 2.676)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/5/1085

Abstract:

Liquid lipase-catalyzed esterification of fatty acids with methanol is a promising process for biodiesel production. However, water by-product from this process favors the reverse reaction, thus reducing the reaction yield. To address this, superabsorbent polymer (SAP) was used as a water-removal agent in the esterification in this study. SAP significantly enhanced the conversion yield compared with the reaction without SAP. The lipase-catalyzed esterification in the presence of SAP was then optimized by response surface methodology to maximize the reaction conversion. A maximum conversion of 96.73% was obtained at a temperature of 35.25 °C, methanol to oleic acid molar ratio of 3.44:1, SAP loading of 10.55%, and enzyme loading of 11.98%. Under these conditions, the Eversa Transform lipase could only be reused once. This study suggests that the liquid lipase-catalyzed esterification of fatty acids using SAP as a water-removal agent is an efficient process for producing biodiesel.

Rishabh Upadhyay, Soeren Steudel, Mai-Phi Hung, Akhilesh Kumar Mandal, Francky Catthoor and Manoj Nag, “Self-Aligned Amorphous Indium-Tin-Zinc-Oxide Thin Film Transistors on Polyimide Foil”, ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 2018, 7, 4, 185-191 (ISI: IF 1.808)
http://jss.ecsdl.org/content/7/4/P185.abstract

Abstract:

In this work, we report on high-performance coplanar self-aligned (SA) amorphous-Indium-Tin-Zinc-Oxide (a-ITZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) on flexible polyimide substrate. The a-ITZO films are first optimized with respect to the oxygen ratio, thickness and final anneal conditions with common-gate TFTs structure on Si/SiO2substrate. Optimized TFTs show mobility (μlin) between 20.0–25.0 cm2/(V.s). Material characterization revealed some degree of order compared to a truly amorphous film like a-IGZO but no grain boundaries or crystalline domains were observed. The a-ITZO films were integrated in coplanar SA TFT architecture on polyimide using hydrogen rich plasma (SiH4 based chemistry) as dopant for the source/drain (S/D) regions resulting in field-effect mobility (μFE) of 27.0 cm2/ (V.s), sub-threshold slope (SS−1) of 0.40 V/decade and ION /IOFF ratio of >108. The threshold voltage shifts of the TFTs under both positive and negative gate bias stress of 1MV/cm for 104 seconds were less than 1.5 V. We have also investigated the applicability of the SA a-ITZO TFTs in logic circuitry such as 19-stage ring-oscillators (ROs).

Mai Phi Hung, Christopher Chare, Manoj Nag, A. de Jamblinne de Meux, Jan Genoe and Soere Steudel, “Effect of High Oxygen Partial Pressure on Carrier Transport Mechanism in a-InGaZnO TFTs”, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2018, 65, 7, 2833-2837 (ISI: IF 2.605)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8373744

Abstract:

In this paper, the influence of oxygen partial pressure (P O2 ) during physical vapor deposition on the field-effect mobility of amorphous InGaZnO (IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) is investigated in a wide range of P O2 . The field-effect mobility reduced from 12 to 0.1 cm 2 /V · s when the P O2 is increased from 0.3 to 1.5 mTorr. Temperature-dependent TFT measurements suggest that carrier transport in the TFTs deposited at the P O2 of 0.3 mTorr can be described according to the multiple trap and release/percolation model. However, the carrier transport in the TFTs deposited at the P O2 of 1.5 mTorr conforms to Mott's variable-range hopping model. The elastic recoil detection analysis indicates that hydrogen concentration in the IGZO film increased with P O2 . The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that In vacancy (V In ) defects formed in the IGZO film deposited at high P O2 . Scattering induced by hydrogen and pinning of Fermi level below the conduction band edge by V In are plausible reasons for the low field-effect mobility in TFTs deposited at high P O2 .

Mai Phi Hung, Jan Genoe, P. Heremans, and Soere Steudel, “Off-current reduction in p-type SnO thin film transistors”, Applied Physics Letters, 2018, 112, 26, 263502 (ISI: IF 3.495)
https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5037306

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961218306392

Abstract:

SnO is one of the few candidates for p-type oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) because it retains a reasonable high hole mobility in a nanocrystalline film. However, the high off-current of SnO TFT limits its usefulness. In this work, SnO TFTs were fabricated using thermal evaporation under ultra-high vacuum. In order to decrease the off-current in p-type SnO thin film transistors (TFTs), we used yttrium to reduce n-type minority charges in the channel. The on/off ratio of the TFT increases from 102 to 5 × 104 and the mobility of the TFT in the saturated regime reduces from 1.6 to 1.4 cm2/V s when the SnO channel is doped with 1 wt. % of Y. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the reduction of SnO2 in the Y-doped SnO TFT channel is the main reason for the improvement in the TFT characteristics.